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39th IEEE International solid-state Circuits conference, ISSCC 1992

作者： Harada, Kouichi Negishi, Michio Ohgishi, Takeshi Kubota, Shinzi Oda, Tatsuzi Yamagishi, Michio Atsugi Technology Center Sony Corp. Atsugi Japan

ISBN: (纸本)0780305736

A 2/3-in optical format ccd (charge-coupled device) image sensor for HDTV (high-definition television) cameras is described. The image area is 9.6 (H)×5.4 (V)mm2, the effective number of pixels is 1920 (H)×1036 (V), and the unit cell size is 5.0 (H)×5.2 (V)μm2. Dual-channel horizontal registers (H-ccds) are adopted. The barrier potential area is formed under the signal partitioning transfer gate between the dual H-ccds. The smear drain for sweeping smear charges away is arranged alongside the second H-ccd. The n+ regions in the smear drain are separated. The frame shift frequency should be raised as high as possible to reduce the smear level. On the other hand, the frame shift frequency is limited by the drive capability. In this context, the frequency is set to 1.5 MHz. © 1992 IEEE.

关键词： Charge coupled devices

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ccd camera calibration virtual equivalent model 14

CCD camera calibration virtual equivalent model

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14th Annual International conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, EMBS 1992

作者： Peuchot, Bernard Andre, Michel Saint Laboratoire d'Informatique Université Blaise Pascal/CLERMONT II Complexe Scientifique des CEZEAUX Aubiere Cedex63177 France

ISBN: (纸本)0780307852

We propose an equivalence between any camera with inherent technical limitations (optic, solid-state sensor, digitizer) [1] and a perfect virtual pin hole camera model. The view of a reference plane grid gives a discretization of every camera defect. Opposite transformation allows elaboration of a virtual sensor as perfect as possible. This bijection based on interpolation concepts takes all the deformations (distortion, decentering, scale and affinity ratios) generated by the optical and electronical equipment in account without the need for their explicit determination. The only remaining intrinsic parameters to determine are the coordinates (Uo', Vo', F') of the focus point in the virtual sensor. An original detection method of this grid image, particularly adapted to this problem, provides a good precision on real grid images (errors standard deviation inferior to 0,012 pixels with an of-the-shelf camera 512×512 and 256 grey levels). © 1992 IEEE.

关键词： ccd cameras

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A 2/3-inch 2 M pixel FIT-ccd HDTV image sensor

A 2/3-inch 2 M pixel FIT-CCD HDTV image sensor

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IEEE International conference on solid-state Circuits (ISSCC)

作者： K. Harada M. Negishi T. Ohgishi S. Kubota T. Oda M. Yamagishi Atsugi Technology Center Sony Corporation Japan

A 2/3-in optical format ccd (charge-coupled device) image sensor for HDTV (high-definition television) cameras is described. The image area is 9.6 (H)*5.4 (V)mm/sup 2/, the effective number of pixels is 1920 (H)*1036 (V), and the unit cell size is 5.0 (H)*5.2 (V) mu /sup 2/. Dual-channel horizontal registers (H-ccds) are adopted. The barrier potential area is formed under the signal partitioning transfer gate between the dual H-ccds. The smear drain for sweeping smear charges away is arranged alongside the second H-ccd. The n+ regions in the smear drain are separated. The frame shift frequency should be raised as high as possible to reduce the smear level. On the other hand, the frame shift frequency is limited by the drive capability. In this context, the frequency is set to 1.5 MHz.< >

关键词： Pixel HDTV Image sensors Charge coupled devices Charge-coupled image sensors TV Dynamic range Temperature distribution Temperature sensors Yagi-Uda antennas

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SCIENTIFIC CHARGE-COUPLED DEVICE ADVANCES FOR SPACE-BORNE IMAGING MISSIONS IN THE NINETIES

SCIENTIFIC CHARGE-COUPLED DEVICE ADVANCES FOR SPACE-BORNE IM...

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The Third International conference on solid state and Integrated Circuit Technology

作者： James Janesick Richard Bredthauer Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology 4800 Oak Grove Pasadena CA. 91109 Loral Fairchild Imaging Sensors Ford Road Newport Beach CA. 92658

EXTENDED *** charge-coupled device (ccd) was introduced to the scientific imaging community nearly 20 years ago. Since then several ccd arrays have been employed in NASA space-borne imaging instruments. For example, the Wide Field/ Planetary Camera I (WF/PC I) on board the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) utilizes eight Texas Instruments thinned rear-illuminated 800 x 800, 15-micron pixel, 3-phase ccds (Tl 3Pccd). Although the cameras on-board HST have performed to expectation, the

关键词： CTE SCIENTIFIC CHARGE-COUPLED DEVICE ADVANCES FOR SPACE-BORNE IMAGING MISSIONS IN THE NINETIES ccd Notch

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ccd camera calibration virtual equivalent model

CCD camera calibration virtual equivalent model

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Annual International conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC)

作者： Bernard Peuchot Michel Saint Andre Laboratoire d'Informatique Complexe Scientifique des Cezeaux Université BLAISE PASCAL CLERMONT II Aubiere France

关键词： Lead cameras Calibration Adaptation model Charge coupled devices

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An FPN-free 2/3" 1.3M-pixel ccd Image sensor For HDTV Camera System

An FPN-free 2/3" 1.3M-pixel CCD Image Sensor For HDTV Camera...

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IEEE International conference on solid-state Circuits (ISSCC)

作者： M. Azuma T. Nobusada Y. Toyoda H. Asada Y. Saito S. Hayashi T. Sugaya T. Otsuki Y. Fujita F. Okano K. Mitani Matsushita Electronics Corporation

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A 2 million pixel FIT-ccd image sensor for HDTV camera system

A 2 million pixel FIT-CCD image sensor for HDTV camera syste...

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IEEE International conference on solid-state Circuits (ISSCC)

作者： K. Yonemoto T. Iizuku S. Nakamura K. Harada K. Wada M. Negishi H. Yamada T. Tsunakawa K. Shinohara T. Ishimaru Y. Kamide T. Yamasaki M. Yamagishi Sony Corp. Atsugi Japan

The image area of the frame FIT (frame-interline-transfer)-ccd (charge-coupled-device) image sensor is 14.0 mm (H)*7.9 mm (V), the effective number of pixels is 1920 (H)*1036 (V) and the unit cell size of a pixel is 7.3 mu m (H)*7.6 mu m (V). These specifications are for the high-definition-television (HDTV) format. The horizontal shift register consists of dual-channel, two-phase ccds driven by a 37.125-MHz clock pulse. The readout phase of each channel is the same, which allows the reset gate of each channel to be connected together. To adapt to the 74.25-MHz readout frequency, one of the output signals is delayed by 13.47 ns through a sample-hold circuit. To reduce the voltage drop of the vertical shift register (V-ccd) drive pulse along the poly-Si transfer gate, an Al wire is put onto the transfer gate and interconnected to decrease the resistance. This Al wire works also as a photoshield. In addition, another poly-Si layer placed between the Al wire and the transfer gate prevents potential shift by separating the poly-Si contact of the transfer gate/poly-Si layer, from the Al contact of the poly-Si layer/Al wire.< >

关键词： Pixel Image sensors HDTV cameras Wire Shift registers Clocks Frequency Delay Circuits

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Fast range scanner using an optic RAM

Fast range scanner using an optic RAM

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IEEE International conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA)

作者： T. Ito D. DeMenthon L.S. Davis Research and Development Division Sony Magnetic Products Inc. Tagajo Miyagi Japan Computer Vision Laboratory Center for Automation Research University of Maryland College Park MD USA

A range scanner which calculates ranges by triangulation between the incident angles of laser stripes and the positions of their images on a camera sensor was developed for robotic applications. It uses a solid-state image sensor called Optic RAM instead of a ccd sensor. This sensor chip has three desirable characteristics for the position detection of laser stripes in images: it thresholds the image, detecting only the brighter stripes in binary form; it is an image memory; and pixel values can be addressed randomly in the image. Thus, the design does not require an A/D converter or a frame buffer and is consequently inexpensive. For improved performance, only the image region next to the previous stripe location is searched, and a 64-KB lookup table stored in RAM is indexed by incident laser angles and stripe addresses to output range data. A 128*256 range image is produced in about 20 s. This is reasonably fast considering that this process requires analyzing 256 images. The speed bottleneck is the low sensitivity of the optic RAM chip, which requires a long exposure time per frame (60 ms), corresponding to half the standard video frame rate. Simple calibration methods using planar patterns of parallel lines are presented.< >

关键词： Optical sensors Read-write memory Optical buffering Image sensors sensor phenomena and characterization Robot vision systems cameras Robot sensing systems solid state circuits Charge coupled devices

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A 1/3" format image sensor with refractory metal light shield for color video applications

A 1/3" format image sensor with refractory metal light shiel...

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IEEE International conference on solid-state Circuits (ISSCC)

作者： D.L. Losee J.C. Cassidy M. Mehra E.T. Nelson B.C. Burkey G. Geisbuesch G.A. Hawkins R.P. Khosla J.P. Lavine W.C. McColgin E.A. Trabka A.K. Weiss Eastman Kodak (Japan) Limited Rochester NY USA

The authors report results obtained on a full-color interline transfer ccd (charged-coupled device) image sensor with pixel dimensions of 8.6 mu m(H)*6.8 mu m(V) using 1.2- mu m design rules and a two-phase, single-polysilicon-per-phase technology. In order to reduce image smear and to provide suitable topography for integral color filters, a refractory light shield with a flowed glass overlayer was incorporated. The basic sensor and pixel architecture is shown. Image smear as a percent of full well, measured with 10% vertical illumination at saturated intensity, is shown as a function of wavelength. Smear is lowest at short wavelengths but is at an acceptable level for applications with controlled illumination.< >

关键词： Image sensors Optical refraction Filters Electrons Photodiodes sensor arrays Pixel Glass Shift registers Optical surface waves

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LOW-COST MONOCHROME solid-state CAMERA FOR CONSUMER APPLICATIONS

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON CONSUMER ELECTRONICS 1988年第3期34卷 493-496页

作者： FEDDERN, U WESTENDORFF, T VALVO Röhren-und Halbleiterwerke der Philips GmbH Hamburg Germany

A simple monochrome charge-coupled device (ccd) camera was designed using a standard solid-state image sensor. For applications which do not need very high resolution a special signal-processing circuit is proposed that utilizes only the low-frequency components of the ccd-sensor's output signal. This allows the use of sensors with reduced picture quality on ones with minor defects. A camera that uses this special combining network and an additional lowpass filter was designed and tested. sensors with defects, which can not be used in standard applications, were tested. The tests demonstrated, that the influence of minor defects is low enough to fulfil the requirements of many consumer applications.< >

关键词： Costs solid state circuits cameras Charge coupled devices Charge-coupled image sensors Image sensors Signal resolution Filters Circuit testing

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