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检索条件"任意字段=Conference on Solid State Sensor Arrays and CCD Cameras"

共 195 条记录，以下是81-90 订阅

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A time delay and integration image sensor with high speed output architecture

A time delay and integration image sensor with high speed ou...

引用

conference on solid state sensor arrays - Development and Applications II

作者： Weale, GP Flood, CJ Dykaar, DR DALSA Inc Waterloo ON N2V 2E9 Canada

ISBN: (纸本)0819427411

Today's imaging systems utilize fast operation to increase their throughput. At high line rates the illumination required to collect a reasonable image becomes prohibitive. Time delay and integration (TDI) offers greatly enhanced responsivity to allow faster operation in terms of line rates. This combination of sensitivity and speed is unmatched in other sensor architectures. The standard multi-stage source follower output amplifier usually involves a trade off between speed and sensitivity through sizing of the first FET. We present a high bandwidth (>250 MHz) and sensitivity (>5 mu V/e), scaleable architecture for readout of TDI sensors. A key component of this architecture is the minimization of output amplifier load and parasitic capacitance. The methodologies used in the design and modeling of the output structure will be presented. This basic model has been confirmed over a range of device dimensions. A 4096 element, multi-tap TDI image sensor incorporating this architecture has been fabricated using a standard ccd process. Discrete and in-camera measurements will be presented demonstrating operation at >100 kHz line rates and with >300 V/(mu J/cm(2)) peak responsivity. Methods of controlling and reducing the stray loading on the sensor output will also be discussed.

关键词： ccd charge coupled device high speed output TDI

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An intensified/shuttered cooled ccd camera for dynamic proton radiography

An intensified/shuttered cooled CCD camera for dynamic proto...

引用

conference on Digital solid state cameras - Designs and Applications

作者： Yates, GJ Albright, KL Alrick, KR Gallegos, RA Galyardt, J Gray, NT Hogan, GE Holmes, VH Jaramillo, SA King, NSP McDonald, TE Morley, KB Morris, CL Numkena, DM Pazuchanics, PD Riedel, CM Sarracino, JS Ziock, HJ Zumbro, JD Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab Los Alamos NM 87545 USA

ISBN: (纸本)081942742X

An intensified/shuttered cooled PC-based ccd camera system was designed and successfully fielded on proton radiography experiments at the Los Alamos National Laboratory LANSCE facility using 800-MeV protons. The four camera detector system used front-illuminated full-Game ccd arrays (two 1024 x 1024 pixels and two 512 x 512 pixels) fiber optically coupled to either 25-mm diameter planar diode or microchannel plate image intensifiers which provided optical shuttering for time resolved imaging of shock propagation in high explosives. The intensifiers also provided wavelength shifting and optical gain. Typical sequences consisting of four images corresponding to consecutive exposures of about 500 ns duration for 40-ns proton burst images (from a fast scintillating fiber array) separated by approximately 1 microsecond were taken during the radiography experiments. Camera design goals and measured performance characteristics including resolution, dynamic range, responsivity, system detection quantum efficiency (DQE), and signal-to-noise will be discussed.

关键词： high resolution high speed multi-frame electro-optically shuttered intensified ccd camera system

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Modeling and estimation of FPN components in CMOS image sensors

Modeling and estimation of FPN components in CMOS image sens...

引用

conference on solid state sensor arrays - Development and Applications II

作者： El Gamal, A Fowler, B Min, H Liu, XQ Stanford Univ Informat Syst Lab Stanford CA 94305 USA

ISBN: (纸本)0819427411

Fixed pattern noise (FPN) for a ccd sensor is modeled as a sample of a spatial white noise process. This model is, however, not adequate for characterizing FPN in CMOS sensors, since the readout circuitry of CMOS sensors and ccds are very different. The paper presents a model for CMOS FPN as the sum of two components: a column and a pixel component. Each component is modeled by a first order isotropic autoregressive random process, and each component is assumed to be uncorrelated with the other. The parameters of the processes characterize each component of the FPN and the correlations between neighboring pixels and neighboring columns for a batch of sensors. We show how to estimate the model parameters from a set of measurements, and report estimates for 64x64 passive pixel sensor (PPS) and active pixel sensor (APS) test structures implemented in a 0.35 micron CMOS process. High spatial correlations between pixel components were measured for the PPS structures, and between the column components in both PPS and APS. The APS pixel components were uncorrelated.

关键词： CMOS image sensor fixed pattern noise nonuniformity image sensor characterization

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A 6cmx6cm fully depleted pn-junction ccd for high resolution spectroscopy in the 0.1keV to 15keV photon energy range

A 6cmx6cm fully depleted pn-junction CCD for high resolution...

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conference on solid state sensor arrays - Development and Applications II

作者： von Zanthier, C Holl, P Kemmer, J Lechner, P Maier, B Soltau, H Stotter, R Brauninger, H Dennerl, K Haberl, F Hartmann, R Hartner, G Hippmann, H Kastelic, E Kink, W Krause, N Meidinger, N Metzner, G Pfeffermann, E Popp, M Reppin, C Stotter, D Struder, L Trumper, J Weber, U Carathanassis, D Engelhard, S Gebhart, T Hauff, D Lutz, G Richter, RH Seitz, H Solc, P Bihler, E Bottcher, H Kendziorra, E Kramer, J Pfluger, B Staubert, R MPI Halbleiterlab D-81245 Munchen Germany

ISBN: (纸本)0819427411

The concept and performance of the Fully Depleted pn-Junction ccd (pn-ccd) system, developed for the European XMM- and the German ABRIXAS-satellite missions for soft X-ray imaging and spectroscopy in the 0.1 keV to 15 keV photon range, is presented. The 58 mm x 60 mm large pn-ccd array uses pn-junctions for registers and for the backside instead of MOS registers. This concept naturally allows to fully deplete the detector Volume to make it an efficient detector to photons with energies up to 15 keV. For high detection efficiency in the soft X-ray region down to 100 eV, an ultrathin pn-ccd backside deadlayer has been realized. - Each pn-ccd-channel is equipped with an on-chip JFET amplifier which, in combination with the CAMEX-amplifier and multiplexing chip, facilitates parallel readout with a pixel read rate of 3 MHz and an electronic noise floor of ENC < 5 e-. With the complete parallel readout, very fast pn-ccd readout modi can be implemented in the system which allow for high resolution photon spectroscopy of even the brightest X-ray sources in the sky.

关键词： XMM ABRIXAS EPIC pn-ccd ccd fully depleted X-ray astronomy X-ray spectroscopy silicon detectors

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High resolution RGB color line scan camera

High resolution RGB color line scan camera

引用

conference on Digital solid state cameras - Designs and Applications

作者： Lynch, T Huettig, F Adapt Opt Assocates Inc Cambridge MA 02140 USA

ISBN: (纸本)081942742X

A color line scan camera family which is available with either 6000, 8000, or 10000 pixels/color channel, utilizes off-the-shelf lenses, interfaces with currently available frame grabbers, includes on-board pixel by pixel offset correction, and is configurable and controllable via RS232 serial port for computer controlled or stand alone operation is described in this paper. This line scan camera is based on an available 8000 element monochrome line scan camera designed by AOA for OEM use. The new color version includes improvements such as better packaging and additional user features which make the camera easier to use. The heart of the camera is a tri-linear ccd sensor with on-chip color balancing for maximum accuracy and pinned photodiodes for low lag response. Each color channel is digitized to 12 bits and all three channels are multiplexed together so that the resulting camera output video is either a 12 or 8 bit data stream at a rate of up to 24Megpixels/sec. Conversion from 12 to 8 bit, or user-defined gamma, is accomplished by on board user-defined video look up tables(LUTs). The camera has two user-selectable operating modes: low speed, high sensitivity mode or high speed, reduced sensitivity mode. The intended uses of the camera include industrial inspection, digital archiving, document scanning, and graphic arts applications.

关键词： cameras sensors Line scan cameras Clocks Video Human-machine interfaces RGB color model ccd image sensors Frame grabbers Lenses

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Improving resolution of solid-state linear array X-Ray detectors

Improving resolution of solid-state linear array X-Ray detec...

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conference on solid state sensor arrays - Development and Applications II

作者： Borras, G Odet, C Vuorinen, K Gaffiot, F Jacquemod, G Inst Natl Sci Appl CREATIS F-69621 Villeurbanne France

ISBN: (纸本)0819427411

Linear solid-state detectors are nowadays a widespread media in industrial and medical X-ray imaging. The resolution reached with this systems has been largely improved in this past years, but is still too poor for some high resolution applications. We first have carried out an optimization of the detector characteristics through a behavioral simulation using a Hardware Description Language (HDLA(TM)). Furthermore, our work concerned the resolution enhancement for this kind of detectors via signal processing. Our approach takes into account the modeled point spread function (PSF) of the system. This modeled PSF is obtained with a new edge technique. The knowledge about the system response is used in a restoration scheme in order to improve the response of the detector to the high frequencies in the digital image. The restoration problem is an ill posed problem and uses an inverse Wiener filtering. Another intrinsic limitation of solid-state detectors is the spatial sampling step. In order to overcome this problem, we also tested the feasibility of a finer sampling of the acquired image, by interlacing several slightly shifted acquisitions of the same test object. The restoration applied to this finer sampled signal results in a resolution enhancement that is theoretically impossible to reach with a single detector acquisition. Some experimental results obtained on a variable bar-space pattern phantom are presented. This kind of phantom allows for a precise evaluation of the Modulation Transfer Function (MTF) on the acquired and processed images. The contribution of the image processing to the resolution enhancement can thus be quantified.

关键词： simulation behavioral ccd X-ray MTF image restoration

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A high speed linear ccd sensor with pinned photodiode photosite for low lag and low noise imaging

A high speed linear CCD sensor with pinned photodiode photos...

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conference on solid state sensor arrays - Development and Applications II

作者： Fox, EC Nixon, O Agwani, MS Dykaar, DR Mantell, TJ Sabila, RW DALSA Inc Waterloo ON N2V 2E9 Canada

ISBN: (纸本)0819427411

Photodiode devices, in which the photosite consists of a reverse biased pn diode, have excellent quantum efficiencies at visible wavelengths and in the UV. However they display high levels of dark and bright image lag, and high levels of fixed pattern noise (FPN) when operated with electronic shuttering (exposure control). We have addressed these performance issues by replacing the photodiode photosites with pinned photodiode (PPD) photosites. In the PPD the n+ region of the conventional photodiode is replaced by a n region and a shallow highly doped p region - the surface potential in the photosite is pinned such that the photosite behaves as an ungated buried channel well. The high quantum efficiencies associated with photodiodes are maintained while allowing for large reductions in image lag and fixed pattern noise. We have developed PPD processes for two different photosite architectures. In the first architecture, charge is generated in the PPD and immediately spills to an adjacent gated integration well. In the second architecture, the charge is generated and stored in the PPD. Each of the architectures can be configured to allow for antiblooming/electronic shuttering. Both of the PPD processes and their associated architectures have been characterized, and order of magnitude reductions in image lag have been observed for PPD photosites relative to conventional photodiodes. No degradation in QE, PRNU, or well capacity has been observed. One of the PPD processes has been implemented in a family of high speed, quad output, linear sensors with 100 MHz data rates. Performance results are presented.

关键词： ccd charge coupled device PPD pinned photodiode high speed low noise

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Versatile building-block architecture for large area, high performance ccd imagers

Versatile building-block architecture for large area, high p...

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European conference on solid-state Device Research (ESSDERC)

作者： A. Theuwissen Philips Imaging Technology

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A smart range image sensor

A smart range image sensor

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European conference on solid-state Circuits (ESSCIRC)

作者： M. de Bakker P.W. Verbeek E. Nieuwkoop G.K. Steenvoorden Pattern Recognition Section Department of Applied Physics Instrumentation Delft University of Technnology Delft Netherlands Instrumentation Department TNO Institute of Applied Physics Delft Netherlands

In the present paper we discuss a smart image sensor, specifically designed for sheet of light range imaging. The image sensor is capable of measuring the projection of a light stripe on an object. The sensor consists of an array of Position Sensitive Detectors (PSD's), as well as some on-chip electronics. The sensors are made in a standard 3GHz bipolar process. Each PSD measures a light center of gravity, and this way the line of light is sampled in the plane of the image sensor. 3D information is computed by means of triangulation. On chip circuitry takes care of preamplification of the sensorsignals, and multiplexing of the different sensor signals to a single output channel.

关键词： Image sensors sensor arrays Position sensitive particle detectors Physics Intelligent sensors Semiconductor device measurement Shape measurement Robotics and automation Robotic assembly cameras

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A 256/spl times/256 BCAST motion detector with simultaneous video output

A 256/spl times/256 BCAST motion detector with simultaneous ...

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IEEE International conference on solid-state Circuits (ISSCC)

作者： H. Nomura T. Shima A. Kamashita T. Ishida T. Yoneyama Semiconductor Device Center Nikon Corporation Tokyo Japan

Imaging devices require features such as high-quality images, high-functionality, miniaturization, and low cost for application to global communications. A CMOS active pixel sensor (APS) in contrast with ccd achieves high-functionality with ease. A reported CMOS APS with motion detection cannot perform motion detection and normal video output simultaneously. A normal analog video signal contains important information on miscellaneous sources, so high-quality as and high-functionality are required. This 256/spl times/256 image sensor with complete on-chip motion detection and normal video output is designed for these requirements through the use of the buried charge accumulator and sensing transistor array (BCAST) pixel architecture.

关键词： Motion detection Detectors Circuit noise Signal generators Noise reduction CMOS image sensors Voltage Image sensors sensor arrays Pixel

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