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conference on storage and retrieval for image and video databases V

作者： BenoisPineau, J Martinez, J Briand, H IRESTE (France) IRIN/Univ. de Nantes (France)

ISBN: (纸本)0819424331

In an architectural database that is to be used by architects, urbanists, sociologists, geometers, etc., querying must be simplified. The aim of this work is to retrieve the images of a building that best fit a specified point of view. Original data are provided in DXF and TIFF formats (maps and images respectively.) A loose linking between these two types of information is obtained through textual attributes. However, the same building is photographed several times and more than a single building can appear on a picture. After determining the point of view by simple ''clicks'' on a map, we take advantage of the geometrical description of the building in order to draw its outline. Then, the images that have been textually associated with the selected building undergo a five-steps image-processing algorithm: conversion from the RGB color-space to intensity component, Nagao filtering, oriented gradient filtering, thresholding, and correlation-based hierarchical full search matching. If the building objects are not completely masked by natural ones, the ''rectangular'' shapes of frontage and side walls correspond well to the sketch and the requested images are returned to the user.

关键词： multimedia databases query by content image processing architectural application

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Using background knowledge for picture organization and retrieval 5

Using background knowledge for picture organization and retr...

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conference on storage and retrieval for image and video databases V

作者： Quintana, Y Univ. of Western Ontario (Canada)

ISBN: (纸本)0819424331

A picture knowledge base management system is described that is used to represent, organize and retrieve pictures from a frame knowledge base. Experiments with human test subjects were conducted to obtain further descriptions of pictures from news magazines. These descriptions were used to represent the semantic content of pictures in frame representations. A conceptual clustering algorithm is described which organizes pictures not only on the observable features, but also on implicit properties derived from the frame representations. The algorithm uses inheritance reasoning to take into account background knowledge in the clustering. The algorithm creates clusters of pictures using a group similarity function that is based on the gestalt theory of picture perception. For each cluster created, a frame is generated which describes the semantic content of pictures in the cluster. Clustering and retrieval experiments were conducted with and without background knowledge. The paper shows how the use of background knowledge and semantic similarity heuristics improves the speed, precision, and recall of queries processed. The paper concludes with a discussion of how natural language processing of can be used to assist in the development of knowledge bases and the processing of user queries.

关键词： conceptual clustering content retrieval picture knowledge bases frames inheritance reasoning

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Efficient color feature extraction in compressed video

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Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering 1999年 3656卷 677-686页

作者： Won, Chee Sun Park, Dong Kwon Na, In Yup Yoo, Seong-Joon Dongguk Univ Seoul Korea Republic of

In this paper, we propose a new image feature extraction method for MPEG compressed video. To minimize the MPEG decoding process, we use only DC values for Y, Cr, and Cb components for each macroblock. Then, we can obtain a feature vector using the decoded DC values of Y, Cr, and Cb components for all macroblocks in an I frame. The feature vector consists of histograms for various colors, luminance, and edge types. In obtaining histograms for colors and luminance features, we consider the ratio of contributing pure colors and luminance to the chroma DC values for each macroblock. Then, we update all contributing colors and/or luminance histograms accordingly. Otherwise, if the macro block is classified as an edge block, then we update the corresponding edge type histogram. To demonstrate the performance of the proposed feature extraction method, we apply it to a scene change detection problem.

关键词： Feature extraction

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Interactive classification and indexing of still and motion pictures in videoRoadMap

Interactive classification and indexing of still and motion ...

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conference on Multimedia storage and Archiving Systems iii

作者： Park, YC Golshani, F Panchanathan, S Candan, KS Arizona State Univ Dept Comp Sci & Engn Tempe AZ 85287 USA

ISBN: (纸本)0819429880

The large scale proliferation of multimedia data necessitates the use of sophisticated techniques for accessing the information based on the content. videoRoadMap is a new content-based video indexing system for retrieving video clips and images from multimedia databases. The system indexes the audio-visual information using spatio-temporal features and information modeling methods. The proposed system employs adaptive similarity measurements based on the contents of media objects, resulting in more accurate retrievals. Principal component analysis and second order statistical analysis are employed to determine the appropriate combination of weight values in similarity search. In addition, videoRoadMap includes a powerful multi-faceted querying mechanism which allows queries to be formulated and presented in a variety of modes, including query by example (image and/or video), query by sketch, and query by object motion trajectory.

关键词： content-based multimedia object retrieval subjectivity modeling audio-visual information analysis

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Texture characterization of compressed aerial images using DCT coefficients. 5

Texture characterization of compressed aerial images using D...

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conference on storage and retrieval for image and video databases V

作者： Reeves, R Kubik, K Osberger, W Queensland Univ. of Technology (Australia)

ISBN: (纸本)0819424331

We test the performance of a texture feature constructed from the variance of the first eight AC Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT) coefficients of JPEG compressed images. We break the image into sub-images, consisting of many 8*8 blocks, and then calculate the variance of each DCT coefficient across the sub-image. We evaluate the texture feature at two different image resolutions, and at three different quality factors. In our high resolution image a pixel covered a square of side 4 cm on the ground. Our low resolution image was generated by subsampling. Representative feature vectors were generated for five subjectively identified textures, by averaging a small training set. Each sub-image was then classified according to the representative feature vector closest in feature space. Compression ratio had little effect on the classification result in our study. However image resolution significantly altered the classification result. Classification correlated much more closely to a subjective classification for the low resolution image. Feature vectors also fell into much more clearly defined clusters at the lower resolution. Although more research is required across different photo-scales and sets of images, we conclude that texture features generated from compressed JPEG images have potential for content-based image retrieval based on texture.

关键词： JPEG DCT content-based retrieval texture feature image compression aerial photography

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BOUNDS FOR THE DISCRIMINATION POWER OF COLOR INDEXING TECHNIQUES 2

BOUNDS FOR THE DISCRIMINATION POWER OF COLOR INDEXING TECHNI...

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conference on storage and retrieval for image and video databases II

作者： STRICKER, MA SWISS FED INST TECHNOL COMMUN TECHNOL LABCH-8092 ZURICHSWITZERLAND

ISBN: (纸本)0819414808

Most color indexing techniques proposed in the literature are similar: images are represented by color histograms, and a metric on the color histogram space is used to determine the similarity of images. In this paper we determine the limits of these color indexing techniques. We propose two functions to measure the discrimination power of indexing techniques: the capacity (how many distinguishable histograms can be stored) and the maximal match number (the maximal number of retrieved images). We derive bounds for these functions. These bounds have two practical aspects. First, they help a user to decide whether color histograms effectively index database images from a given domain. Second, they facilitate the choice of a good threshold for the distance below which histograms are considered similar. Our arguments are based on an analysis of the metrical properties of the histogram space and results from coding theory. The results show that over a large range of reasonable parameters the capacity is very large. Thus, the set of parameters for which color indexing works well can be described as the set of parameters for which the maximal match number is below an application-dependent maximum.

关键词： databases image retrieval Coding theory Binary data Distance measurement Data modeling Algorithm development Vector spaces Computer science

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Choosing efficient feature sets for video classification

Choosing efficient feature sets for video classification

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7th storage and retrieval for image and video databases conference

作者： Fischer, S Steinmetz, R Tech Univ Darmstadt Dept Elect Engn & Informat Technol Ind Proc & Syst Commun D-64283 Darmstadt Germany

ISBN: (纸本)0819431273

In this paper we address the problem of choosing appropriate features to describe the content of still pictures or video sequences including audio. As the computational analysis of these features is often time-consuming it is useful to identify a minimal set allowing for an automatic classification of some class or genre. Further it can be shown that deleting the coherence of the features characterizing some class is not suitable to guarantee an optimal classification result. The central question of the paper is thus which features should be selected and how they should be weighted to optimize a classification problem.

关键词： content processing automatic video classification video analysis audio analysis

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Wide-area-distributed storage system for multimedia database

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Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering 1999年 3656卷 534-544页

作者： Ueno, Masahiro Kinoshita, Shigechika Kuriki, Makoto Murata, Setsuko Iwatsu, Shigetarou NTT Integrated Information & Energy Systems Lab Tokyo Japan

We have developed a wide-area-distributed storage system for multimedia databases that minimizes the possibility of simultaneous failure of multiple disks in the event of a major disaster. It features a RAID system whose member disks are spatially distributed over a wide area. Each node has a device that includes the controller of the RAID and the controller of the member disks controlled by other nodes. The devices in the node are connected to a computer using fiber optic cables and communicate using Fibre-Channel technology. Any computer at a node can utilize multiple devices connected by optical fibers as a single 'virtual disk'. The advantage of this system structure is that devices and fiber optic cables are shared by the computers. In this report, we first describe our proposed system and a prototype we used for testing. Then we discuss its performance, i.e., how the read and write throughputs are affected by data-access delay, the RAID level, and queuing.

关键词： Data storage equipment

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videobook: an experiment in characterization of video

Videobook: an experiment in characterization of video

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Proceedings 1996 International conference on image Processing, ICIP'96

作者： Iyengar, Giridharan Lippman, Andrew B. MIT Media Lab Cambridge MA United States

In this paper we present a framework for content based query and retrieval of information from large video databases. This framework enables content based retrieval of video sequences by characterizing the sequences using motion, texture and colorimetry cues. This characterization is biologically inspired and results in a compact parameter space where every segment of video is represented by an 8 dimensional vector. Searching and retrieval is done in real-time with high accuracy in this parameter space. The present version of the videoBook has 165 video sequences, each 15 seconds long at 30 frames a second representing storage of 65 Giga Bytes. The videoBook is able to search and retrieve video sequences with 92% accuracy in real-time. Experiments thus demonstrate that the characterization is capable of extracting higher level structure from raw pixel values.

关键词： image processing

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Managing compressed multimedia data in a memory hierarchy: Fundamental issues and basic solutions

Managing compressed multimedia data in a memory hierarchy: F...

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conference on Multimedia storage and Archiving Systems iii

作者： Veijalainen, J Ojaneu, E Univ Jyvaskyla Dept Comp Sci & Informat Syst FIN-40351 Jyvaskyla Finland

ISBN: (纸本)0819429880

The purpose of the work is to discuss the fundamental issues and solutions in managing compressed and uncompressed multimedia data, especially voluminous continuous mediatypes (video, audio) and text in a memory hierarchy with four levels (main memory, magnetic disk, (optical or magnetic) on-line/near-line low-speed memory, and slow off-line memory, i.e. archive). We view the multimedia data in such a database to be generated, (compressed), and stored into the memory hierarchy (at the lowest non-archiving level), and subsequently retrieved, (decompressed), and presented. If unused, the data either travels down in the memory hierarchy or it is compressed and stored at the same level. We first discuss the general prerequisites of the memory hierarchy, like program locality and decreasing storage costs and performance of each deeper level. To discuss the issues in a greater depth a schematic four level memory hierarchy model is presented. Multimedia data poses, as compared to conventional data, three new requirements for a memory hierarchy. First, continuous multimedia data (e.g. audio and especially video) have real-time requirements for the retrieval time, not present in a conventional memory hierarchy supporting e.g. a virtual memory. Second, single multimedia objects are often very large, requiring hundreds of megabytes, even gigabytes of memory. From the memory hierarchy point of view the latter fact necessitates partial storage strategies at different levels. Third, the data is so voluminous that compression becomes an interesting alternative, because of considerable savings in storage capacity and I/O and network bandwith. Based on the real time requirements of continuous multimedia data one can set boundaries for the maximum retrieval time Tr-max Further, knowing the average retrieval speed S-i of the particular memory level i for an arbitrary object X one can determine the deepest possible (i.e. slowest) level the data can be placed on. The inequality Tr(O-j)

关键词： Multimedia video databases Data storage video compression Magnetism Data modeling image compression Optical storage Data archive systems

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