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检索条件"任意字段=Conference on Storage and Retrieval for Image and Video Databases III"

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Managing compressed multimedia data in a memory hierarchy: Fundamental issues and basic solutions

Managing compressed multimedia data in a memory hierarchy: F...

引用

conference on Multimedia storage and Archiving Systems iii

作者： Veijalainen, J Ojaneu, E Univ Jyvaskyla Dept Comp Sci & Informat Syst FIN-40351 Jyvaskyla Finland

ISBN: (纸本)0819429880

The purpose of the work is to discuss the fundamental issues and solutions in managing compressed and uncompressed multimedia data, especially voluminous continuous mediatypes (video, audio) and text in a memory hierarchy with four levels (main memory, magnetic disk, (optical or magnetic) on-line/near-line low-speed memory, and slow off-line memory, i.e. archive). We view the multimedia data in such a database to be generated, (compressed), and stored into the memory hierarchy (at the lowest non-archiving level), and subsequently retrieved, (decompressed), and presented. If unused, the data either travels down in the memory hierarchy or it is compressed and stored at the same level. We first discuss the general prerequisites of the memory hierarchy, like program locality and decreasing storage costs and performance of each deeper level. To discuss the issues in a greater depth a schematic four level memory hierarchy model is presented. Multimedia data poses, as compared to conventional data, three new requirements for a memory hierarchy. First, continuous multimedia data (e.g. audio and especially video) have real-time requirements for the retrieval time, not present in a conventional memory hierarchy supporting e.g. a virtual memory. Second, single multimedia objects are often very large, requiring hundreds of megabytes, even gigabytes of memory. From the memory hierarchy point of view the latter fact necessitates partial storage strategies at different levels. Third, the data is so voluminous that compression becomes an interesting alternative, because of considerable savings in storage capacity and I/O and network bandwith. Based on the real time requirements of continuous multimedia data one can set boundaries for the maximum retrieval time Tr-max Further, knowing the average retrieval speed S-i of the particular memory level i for an arbitrary object X one can determine the deepest possible (i.e. slowest) level the data can be placed on. The inequality Tr(O-j)

关键词： Multimedia video databases Data storage video compression Magnetism Data modeling image compression Optical storage Data archive systems

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Using content models to build audio-video summaries

Using content models to build audio-video summaries

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7th storage and retrieval for image and video databases conference

作者： Saarela, J Merialdo, B Inst Eurecom F-06904 Sophia Antipolis France

ISBN: (纸本)0819431273

The amount of digitized video in video archives is becoming so huge that easier access and content browsing tools are desperately needed. Also, video is no longer one big piece of data but a collection of useful smaller building blocks that can be accessed and used independently from the original context of presentation. In this paper, we demonstrate a content model for audio-video sequences with the purpose of enabling the automatic generation of video summaries. The model is based on descriptors which indicate various properties and relations of audio and video segments. In practice, these descriptors could either be generated automatically by analysis methods, or produced manually (or computer-assisted) by the content provider himself. We analyze the requirements and characteristics of the different data segments with respect to the problem of summarization, and we define our model as a set of constraints which allow to produce good quality summaries.

关键词： video analysis summary segmentation audio-video synchronization presentation constraints

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Texture content based retrieval using text descriptions

Texture content based retrieval using text descriptions

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7th storage and retrieval for image and video databases conference

作者： Kuan, JKP Joyce, DW Lewis, PH ADC Metr Dev Grp Richmond TW9 1BN Surrey England

ISBN: (纸本)0819431273

We developed a content based retrieval scheme for texture by using text based description. The texture technique is based on our previous work which uses very simple texture primitives such as edges and plain regions to generate features. Other methods that apply complicated statistics can be difficult to transcribe into understandable forms for normal users. Unlike these other methods, with the simplicity of our features, we can express them in terms of simple language. Hence we can bridge the gap between semantics and computed features. A number of benefits can be achieved which opens a new horizon for content based retrieval with texture. For example, the user can request a texture image without necessarily knowing what types of textures are stored. In this paper we describe the method of translating such features and the partial weighted Euclidean distance matching which allows users to describe only the parts that they are interested in. This allows them to gradually refine their texture descriptions.

关键词： texture content based retrieval semantics language

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Finding regions of interest for content-extraction

Finding regions of interest for content-extraction

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7th storage and retrieval for image and video databases conference

作者： Pauwels, EJ Frederix, G Katholieke Univ Leuven ESAT PSI Dept Elect Engn B-3001 Heverlee Belgium

ISBN: (纸本)0819431273

A major problem in Content-Based image retrieval (CBIR) is the unsupervised identification of perceptually salient regions in images. We contend that this problem can be tackled by mapping the pixels into various feature-spaces, whereupon they are subjected to a grouping-algorithm, In this paper we develop a robust and versatile non-parametric clustering algorithm that is able to handle the unbalanced and highly irregular clusters encountered in such CBIR-applications. The strength of our approach lies not so much in the clustering itself, but rather in the definition and use of two duster-validity indices that are independent of the cluster-topology. By combining them, an optimal clustering;can be identified, and experiments confirm that the associated clusters do indeed correspond to perceptually salient image-regions.

关键词： clustering segmentation content-extraction image-retrieval feature-extraction

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Vector angular distance measure for indexing and retrieval of color

Vector angular distance measure for indexing and retrieval o...

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7th storage and retrieval for image and video databases conference

作者： Androutsos, D Plataniotis, KN Venetsanopoulos, AN Univ Toronto Dept Elect & Comp Engn Digital Signal & Image Proc Lab Toronto ON M5S 3G4 Canada

ISBN: (纸本)0819431273

A key aspect of image retrieval using color, is the creation of robust and efficient indices. In particular, the color histogram remains the most popular index, due primarily to its simplicity. However, the color histogram has a number of drawbacks. Specifically histograms capture only global activity, they require quantisation to reduce dimensionality, are highly dependent on the chosen color space, have no means to exclude a certain color from a query and can provide erroneous results due to gamma nonlinearity. In this paper we present a vector angular distance measure which is implemented as part of our database system. Our system does away with histogram techniques for color indexing and retrieval and instead implements color vector techniques. We use color segmentation to extract regions of prominent color and use representative vectors from these extracted regions in the image indices. This way we end up with a much smaller index which does not have the granularity of a histogram. Instead similarity is based on our vector angular distance measure between a query color vector and the indexed representative vectors.

关键词： color vectors angular measure color exclusion gamma nonlinearity

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Wide-area-distributed storage system for multimedia database

Wide-area-distributed storage system for multimedia database

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7th storage and retrieval for image and video databases conference

作者： Ueno, M Kinoshita, S Kuriki, M Murata, S Iwatsu, S NTT Integrated Informat & Energy Syst Labs Musashino Tokyo 1808585 Japan

ISBN: (纸本)0819431273

We have developed a wide-area-distributed storage system for multimedia databases that minimizes the possibility of simultaneous failure of multiple disks in the event of a major disaster. It features a RAID system whose member disks are spatially distributed over a wide area Each node has a device that includes the controller of the RAID and the controller of the member disks controlled by other nodes. The devices in the node are connected to a computer using fiber optic cables and communicate using Fibre-Channel technology. Any computer at a node can utilize multiple devices connected by optical fibers as a single "virtual disk". The advantage of this system structure is that devices and fiber optic cables are shared by the computers. In this report, we first describe our proposed system and a prototype we used for testing, Then we discuss its performance, i.e., how the read and write throughputs are affected by data-access delay, the RAID level, and queuing.

关键词： distributed system disaster-tolerant multimedia database system RAID fibre-channel wide distribution storage system file system

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Automated semantic structure reconstruction and representation generation for broadcast news

Automated semantic structure reconstruction and representati...

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7th storage and retrieval for image and video databases conference

作者： Huang, Q Liu, Z Rosenberg, A AT&T Labs Res Red Bank NJ 07701 USA

ISBN: (纸本)0819431273

This paper addresses the problem of recovering the semantic structure of broadcast news. A hierarchy of retrievable units is automatically constructed by integrating information from different media. The hierarchy provides a compact yet meaningful abstraction of the broadcast news data similar to a conventional table of content that can serve as an effective index table, facilitating the capability of browsing through large amounts of data in a non-linear fashion. The recovery of the semantic structure of the data further enables the automated solutions in constructing visual representations that are relevant to the semantics as well as in establishing useful relationships among data units such as topic categorization and content based multimedia hyperlinking. Preliminary experiments of integrating different media for hierarchical segmentation of semantics have yielded encouraging results. Some of the results are presented and discussed in this paper.

关键词： multimedia processing content based video indexing story segmentation

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Parsing TV programs for identification and removal of non-story segments

Parsing TV programs for identification and removal of non-st...

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7th storage and retrieval for image and video databases conference

作者： McGee, T Dimitrova, N Philips Res Briarcliff Manor NY 10510 USA

ISBN: (纸本)0819431273

Abstr. video information automatically from the TV broadcast requires reliable methods for isolating program and commercial segments out of the full broadcast material. In this paper we present the results from cut, static sequence, black frame and text detection for the purpose of isolating non-program segments. These results are evaluated by comparison to human visual inspection using over 13 hours of varied program content. Using cut rate detection alone produced a high recall with a medium precision. Text detection was performed on the commercials and the false positive segments. Adding text detection slightly lowers the recall, however, much higher precision is achieved. A new fast black frame detector algorithm is presented. Black frame detection is important for identifying the commercial boundaries. The results indicate that adding the detection of text in addition to cut rate to reduce the number of false positives appears to be a promising method. Furthermore, by adding the information about the position and size of the text and tracking it through an area should further increase the reliability.

关键词： commercial detection video segmentation video content analysis video parsing

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Comparison of automatic shot boundary detection algorithms

Comparison of automatic shot boundary detection algorithms

引用

7th storage and retrieval for image and video databases conference

作者： Lienhart, R Intel Corp Microcomp Res Labs Santa Clara CA 95052 USA

ISBN: (纸本)0819431273

Various methods of automatic shot boundary detection have been proposed and claimed to perform reliably. Although the detection of edits is fundamental to any kind of video analysis since it segments a video into its basic components, the shots, only few comparative investigations on early shot boundary detection algorithms have been published. These investigations mainly concentrate on measuring the Edit detection performance, however;do not consider the algorithms' ability to classify the types and to locate the boundaries of the edits correctly. This gaper extends these comparative investigations More recent algorithms designed explicitly to detect specific complex editing operations such as fades and dissolves are taken into account and their ability to classify the types and locate the boundaries of such edits are examined. The algorithms' performance is measured in terms of hit rate, number of false hits, and miss rate for hard cuts, fades, and dissolves over a large and diverse set of video sequences. The experiments show, that while hard cuts and fades can be detected reliably, dissolves are still an open research issue The fate hit rate for dissolves is usually unacceptably high, ranging from 50% up to over 400%. Moreover;all algorithms seem to fail under roughly the same conditions.

关键词： video content analysis shot boundary detection hard cut detection fade detection dissolve detection

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Dynamic storage in resource scarce browsing multimedia applications

Dynamic storage in resource scarce browsing multimedia appli...

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conference on Multimedia storage and Archiving Systems iii

作者： Elenbaas, H Dimitrova, N Philips Res Labs Briarcliff Manor NY 10510 USA

ISBN: (纸本)0819429880

In the convergence of information and entertainment there is a conflict between the consumers's expectation of fast access to high quality multimedia content through narrow bandwidth channels versus the size of this content. During the retrieval and information presentation of a multimedia application there are two problems that have to be solved: the limited bandwidth during transmission of the retrieved multimedia content and the limited memory for temporary caching. In this paper we propose an approach for latency optimization in information browsing applications. We propose a method for flattening hierarchically linked documents in a manner convenient for network transport over slow channels to minimize browsing latency. Flattening of the hierarchy involves linearization, compression and bundling of the document nodes. After the transfer, the compressed hierarchy is stored on a local device where it can be partly unbundled to fit the caching limits at the local site while giving the user availability to the content. This optimal bundling method will work for general Web browsing, wireless browsing as well as video library applications. In the paper we consider the video library browsing in more detail. The video is summarized in a Visual Table of Content (VToC), which consists of sample multimedia content items such as video segments, images, audio, text and other derived information. The physical structure holding VToC is stored in a visual index and requires considerable storage size. During the storage process, the index must be flattened to a linear structure in order to be retrieved from a low bandwidth medium. We discuss the methods to optimize the retrieval latency. Specifically, we consider how to linearize the visual index structure in different segments with ordered download priorities while constraining the bandwidth and storage. The system could adjust the user's personal preferences by learning from consumer use patterns.

关键词： video Visualization Multimedia Human-machine interfaces Data storage Data communications Data modeling image segmentation Internet Whole body imaging

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