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Managing compressed multimedia data in a memory hierarchy: Fundamental issues and basic solutions

Managing compressed multimedia data in a memory hierarchy: F...

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conference on Multimedia storage and Archiving Systems III

作者： veijalainen, J Ojaneu, E Univ Jyvaskyla Dept Comp Sci & Informat Syst FIN-40351 Jyvaskyla Finland

ISBN: (纸本)0819429880

The purpose of the work is to discuss the fundamental issues and solutions in managing compressed and uncompressed multimedia data, especially voluminous continuous mediatypes (video, audio) and text in a memory hierarchy with four levels (main memory, magnetic disk, (optical or magnetic) on-line/near-line low-speed memory, and slow off-line memory, i.e. archive). We view the multimedia data in such a database to be generated, (compressed), and stored into the memory hierarchy (at the lowest non-archiving level), and subsequently retrieved, (decompressed), and presented. If unused, the data either travels down in the memory hierarchy or it is compressed and stored at the same level. We first discuss the general prerequisites of the memory hierarchy, like program locality and decreasing storage costs and performance of each deeper level. To discuss the issues in a greater depth a schematic four level memory hierarchy model is presented. Multimedia data poses, as compared to conventional data, three new requirements for a memory hierarchy. First, continuous multimedia data (e.g. audio and especially video) have real-time requirements for the retrieval time, not present in a conventional memory hierarchy supporting e.g. a virtual memory. Second, single multimedia objects are often very large, requiring hundreds of megabytes, even gigabytes of memory. From the memory hierarchy point of view the latter fact necessitates partial storage strategies at different levels. Third, the data is so voluminous that compression becomes an interesting alternative, because of considerable savings in storage capacity and I/O and network bandwith. Based on the real time requirements of continuous multimedia data one can set boundaries for the maximum retrieval time Tr-max Further, knowing the average retrieval speed S-i of the particular memory level i for an arbitrary object X one can determine the deepest possible (i.e. slowest) level the data can be placed on. The inequality Tr(O-j)

关键词： Multimedia video databases Data storage video compression Magnetism Data modeling image compression Optical storage Data archive systems

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video segmentation and classification for content based storage and retrieval using motion vectors

Video segmentation and classification for content based stor...

引用

Proceedings of the 1999 7th conference of the storage and retrieval for image and video databases vII

作者： Fernando, W.A.C. Canagaraja, C.N. Bull, D.R. Univ of Bristol Bristol United Kingdom

video parsing is an important step in content-based indexing techniques where the input video is decomposed into segments with uniform content. In video parsing detection of scene changes is one of the approaches widely used for extracting key frames from the video sequence. In this paper, an algorithm based on motion vectors is proposed to detect sudden scene changes and gradual scene changes (camera movements such as panning, tilting and zooming). Unlike some of the existing schemes, the proposed scheme is capable of detecting both sudden and gradual changes in uncompressed as well as compressed domain video. It is shown that the resultant motion vector can be used to identify and classify gradual changes due to camera movements. Results show that algorithm performed as well as the histogram-based schemes with uncompressed video. The performance of the algorithm was also investigated with H.263 compressed video. The detection and classification of both sudden and gradual scene changes was successfully demonstrated.

关键词： image segmentation

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Mv-Adapter: Multimodal video Transfer Learning for video Text retrieval

MV-Adapter: Multimodal Video Transfer Learning for Video Tex...

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IEEE/CvF conference on Computer vision and Pattern Recognition (CvPR)

作者： Jin, Xiaojie Zhang, Bowen Gong, Weibo Xu, Kai Deng, Xueqing Wang, Peng Zhang, Zhao Shen, Xiaohui Feng, Jiashi Bytedance Inc Beijing Peoples R China Hefei Univ Technol Hefei Peoples R China

ISBN: (纸本)9798350353006

State-of-the-art video-text retrieval (vTR) methods typically involve fully fine-tuning a pre-trained model (e.g. CLIP) on specific datasets. However, this can result in significant storage costs in practical applications as a sepa-rate model per task must be stored. To address this issue, we present our pioneering work that enables parameter-efficient vTR using a pre-trained model, with only a small number of tunable parameters during training. Towards this goal, we propose a new method dubbed Multimodal video Adapter (Mv-Adapter) for efficiently transferring the knowledge in the pre-trained CLIP from image-text to video-text. Specifically, Mv-Adapter utilizes bottleneck structures in both video and text branches, along with two novel components. The first is a Temporal Adaptation Module that is incorporated in the video branch to introduce global and local temporal contexts. We also train weights calibrations to adjust to dynamic variations across frames. The second is Cross Modality Tying that generates weights for video/text branches through sharing cross modality factors, for better aligning between modalities. Thanks to above innovations, Mv-Adapter can achieve comparable or better performance than standard full fine-tuning with negligible parameters overhead. Notably, Mv-Adapter consistently outperforms various competing methods in v2T/T2v tasks with large margins on five widely used vTR benchmarks (MSR-vTT, MSvD, LSMDC, DiDemo, and ActivityNet). Codes will be released.

关键词： adapter cross modality parameter efficient temporal video-text retrieval

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Audio as a support to scene change detection and characterization of video sequences

Audio as a support to scene change detection and characteriz...

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1997 IEEE International conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing (ICASSP 97)

作者： Saraceno, C Leonardi, R Univ of Brescia Brescia Italy

ISBN: (纸本)0818679204

A challenging problem to construct video databases is the organization of video information. The development of algorithms able to organize video information according to semantic content of the data is getting more and more important. This will allow algorithms such as indexing and retrieval to work more efficiently. Until now, an attempt to extract semantic information has been performed using only video information. As a video sequence is constructed from a 2-D projection of a 3-D scene, video processing has shown its limitations especially in solving problems such as object identification or object tracking, reducing the ability to extract semantic characteristics. A possibility to overcome the problem is to use additional information. The associated audio signal is then the most natural way to obtain this information. This paper will present a technique which combines video and audio information together for classification and indexing purposes. The classification will be performed on the audio signal;a general framework that uses the results of such classification will then be proposed for organizing video information.

关键词： image segmentation

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image PROCESSING FOR INDEXING OF CINEANGIOGRAMS

IMAGE PROCESSING FOR INDEXING OF CINEANGIOGRAMS

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conference on image Processing - Medical Imaging 1995

作者： LIU, HCH ZICK, GL SHEEHAN, FH UNIV WASHINGTON SCH MEDDEPT ELECT ENGNSEATTLEWA 98195

ISBN: (纸本)0819417823

video is the primary media used for cardiology diagnosis. video data is currently stored on either cinefilm or videotape and provides no means of integration with other information such as patient's history, x-ray images, and test results. Maintaining and searching this data is also difficult. A multimedia database system would significantly enhance the diagnosis process by facilitating these integration, maintenance, and searching processes. One of the challenges in designing such a database is indexing the sequential video streams. The required storage space and the retrieval time to one specific video frame are two crucial issues in the design of a video database system. This paper presents two novel and fast image processing techniques for use in the selection of video frames. These selected frames can then be stored in the database. The first type of analysis is based on the analysis of spatial transitions and the second is based on the spectral components in the discrete cosine domain. The proposed techniques extract the length of the total edges in every frame of the cineangiogram. The extracted parameter is directly related to the amount of radio opaque dye injected in the coronary arteries. Those frames in the cineangiogram with a significant level of dye are then identified and indexed for evaluation. The extracted parameter index is used to select these frames for physician review. The same techniques are applied to the centered window of every frame to extract the cardiac cycles in the cineangiogram. This information can be used to index the stored cineangiogram for fast retrieval. It can also be used to synchronize two cineangiograms playing at the same time for clinical comparison and evaluation. Both techniques have been applied to twenty-one sets of cineangiograms. The results are very consistent with physician observation. Since both techniques produce comparable result, the selection between them is dependent on the format of the video. The second

关键词： video databases Arteries Angiography video compression Cardiology X-rays Heart Edge detection image processing

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Interactive classification and indexing of still and motion pictures in videoRoadMap

Interactive classification and indexing of still and motion ...

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conference on Multimedia storage and Archiving Systems III

作者： Park, YC Golshani, F Panchanathan, S Candan, KS Arizona State Univ Dept Comp Sci & Engn Tempe AZ 85287 USA

ISBN: (纸本)0819429880

The large scale proliferation of multimedia data necessitates the use of sophisticated techniques for accessing the information based on the content. videoRoadMap is a new content-based video indexing system for retrieving video clips and images from multimedia databases. The system indexes the audio-visual information using spatio-temporal features and information modeling methods. The proposed system employs adaptive similarity measurements based on the contents of media objects, resulting in more accurate retrievals. Principal component analysis and second order statistical analysis are employed to determine the appropriate combination of weight values in similarity search. In addition, videoRoadMap includes a powerful multi-faceted querying mechanism which allows queries to be formulated and presented in a variety of modes, including query by example (image and/or video), query by sketch, and query by object motion trajectory.

关键词： content-based multimedia object retrieval subjectivity modeling audio-visual information analysis

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Fast face sequence matching in large-scale video databases

Fast face sequence matching in large-scale video databases

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2011 18th IEEE International conference on image Processing, ICIP 2011

作者： vu, Hung Thanh Ngo, Thanh Duc Nguyen, Thao Ngoc Le, Duy-Dinh Satoh, Shin'ichi Le, Bac Hoai Duong, Duc Anh University of Sciences 227 Nguyen Van Cu Ho Chi Minh City Viet Nam Japan National Institute of Informatics 2-1-2 Hitotsubashi Chiyoda-ku Tokyo Japan

ISBN: (纸本)9781457713033

There have recently been many methods proposed for matching face sequences in the field of face retrieval. However, most of them have proven to be inefficient in large-scale video databases because they frequently require a huge amount of computational cost to obtain a high degree of accuracy. We present an efficient matching method that is based on the face sequences (called face tracks) in large-scale video databases. The key idea is how to capture the distribution of a face track in the fewest number of low-computational steps. In order to do that, each face track is represented by a vector that approximates the first principal component of the face track distribution and the similarity of face tracks bases on the similarity of these vectors. Our experimental results from a large-scale database of 457,320 human faces extracted from 370 hours of TRECvID videos from 2004-2006 show that the proposed method easily handles the scalability by maintaining a good balance between the speed and the accuracy. © 2011 IEEE.

关键词： Principal component analysis

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Morphological approach to scene change detection and digital video storage and retrieval

Morphological approach to scene change detection and digital...

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Proceedings of the 1999 7th conference of the storage and retrieval for image and video databases vII

作者： Kim, Woonkyung M. Song, S.Moon-Ho Kim, Hyeokman Song, Cheeyang Kwon, Byung Woong Kim, Sun Geun Korea Univ Seoul Korea Republic of

With the abstraction of digital video as the corresponding binary video- a process which upon numerous subjective experimentation seems to preserve (most of the) intelligibility of video content- we can pursue a precise and analytic approach to (digital video storage and retrieval) algorithm design that are based upon geometrical (morphological) intuition. The foremost and tangible general benefit of such abstraction, however, is the immediate reductions of both data and computational complexities involved in implementing various algorithms and databases. The general paradigm presented may be utilized to address all issues pertaining to video library construction including visualization, optimum feedback query generation, object recognition, e.t.c., but the primary focus of attention in this paper are the ones pertaining to detection of fast (including presence of flashlights) and gradual scene changes (such as dissolves, fades, and various special effects such as wipes). Upon simulation we observed that we can achieve performances comparable to those of others with drastic reductions in both storage and computational complexities. Furthermore, since the conversion from grayscale to binary videos can be performed directly (with minimal additional computation) in the compressed domain by thresholding on the DCT DC coefficients themselves (or by using the contour information attached to MPEG4 formats), the algorithms presented herein are ideally suited for performing fast (on-the-fly) determinations of scene change, object recognition and/or tracking, and other more intelligent tasks traditionally requiring heavy demand on computational and/or storage complexities. The fast determinations may then be used on their own merits or can be used in conjunction or complementation with other higher-layer information in the future.

关键词： video signal processing

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Development of a Metrological Database with images of a Human Face in the Infrared Range to Evaluate the Effectiveness of Biometric Algorithms 8

Development of a Metrological Database with Images of a Huma...

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8th Annual International conference of the Biologically-Inspired-Cognitive Architectures-Society on Biologically Inspired Cognitive Architectures (BICA)

作者： Alyushin, M., v Kolobashkina, L., v Natl Res Nucl Univ MEPhI Moscow Engn Phys Inst Moscow Russia

The work shows the promise of using biometric algorithms intended for remote determination of current human bio-parameters based on processing of the infrared image of his face. Problems that hinder the widespread use of remote biometric algorithms in practice are highlighted. The urgency of creating a metrological database containing video recordings of the human face image in the infrared range for the evaluation of the biometric algorithms efficiency is substantiated. Presented are the results of an analysis of existing databases containing images of a person's face. Insufficient development of specialized databases containing infrared images of a person's face was noted. The main shortcomings of such databases are highlighted. An approach to creating a metrological database based on the acquisition and storage of complex personal data is proposed. The main components of such data are video recordings of the face image in the visible and infrared ranges, time synchronized records of human bio-parameters, as well as information on the complexity of test tasks performed. The structure of the laboratory system for obtaining complex data on the person undergoing testing is considered. A typical data structure for a single test cycle is presented. The application results of the first version of the metrological database for experimental research of the effectiveness of algorithms for remote determination of human bioparameters are presented. (C) 2018 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://***/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/) Peer-review under responsibility of the scientific committee of the 8th Annual International conference on Biologically Inspired Cognitive Architectures

关键词： Biometrics Metrology Efficiency of biometric algorithms

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video retrieval Queries of Large Scale images: An Efficient Approach 6

Video Retrieval Queries of Large Scale Images: An Efficient ...

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6th IEEE International conference on Signal Processing, Computing and Control, ISPCC 2021

作者： Mouli, D. Chandra Kumar, G. varun Kiran, S.v. Kumar, Sanjeev Aditya College Of Engineering Technology Department Of ECE Surampalem India

ISBN: (纸本)9781665425520

We address the challenge for retrieving videos from large scale data base using images as query is necessary to implement for many applications. Here a symmetric comparison methodology for vectors Fisher is provided. It is queried for basic items with different degrees of clutter are rigorously investigated. The advantages of these techniques are shown here. The aggregation of locally-based characteristics by shots is assessed. For the experiment, four different aggregation modes are offered. These combined modes help to reduce the expectancy and memory requirement of recovery by additional than '3X.' With the intention of growth, the proficiency and accuracy of the process of retrieval, here described a top K-image videos queries. Numerous applications, for example content linking and product monitoring, need retrieving films from vast libraries utilising image queries. We provide a novel retrievals architecture wherein picture queries are immediately compared to the database video, considerably enhancing retrievals scalability over a reference point system that explorations the databases at the video frames levels. © 2021 IEEE.

关键词： Query processing

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