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检索条件"任意字段=Conference on Unmanned/Unattended Sensors and Sensor Networks IV"

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An Open Communication and sensor Platform for Urban Search and Rescue Operations

An Open Communication and Sensor Platform for Urban Search a...

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conference on unmanned/unattended sensors and sensor networks IX

作者： Korkalainen, Marko Mayra, Aki P. Kansala, Klaus VTT Tech Res Ctr Finland Oulu 90571 Finland

ISBN: (纸本)9780819492814

In this paper, we present research results carried out in EU funded project SGL for USaR (Second Generation Locator for Urban Search and Rescue Operations). The project aims to develop wireless standalone communication system with embedded sensor network, which is targeted to detect signs of life, locate victims in disaster areas and detect hazards. The system consists of REDS (Remote Early Detection System) wireless sensor network and FIRST portable first responder device integrating 5 different victim location methods. REDS has wireless CO and CO2 sensors, a camera, vibration sensors and a sound sensor for detection of life signs. The system provides also a pointing device to locate objects on the search area. Victim positioning is possible with GPS and radio based time of flight methods. Portable and user operated FIRST device combines field chemical, audio and video measurements for early location of entrapped people, detection of buried people, air quality monitoring in confined spaces and safety and security monitoring. The system level communication is divided in two levels: sensor network level uses short range local communication and communication hubs, which use long range high level communication with operation command centre. During the project, implemented REDS sensor network and FIRST device have been tested on a field conditions and they have proven to be robust and reliable.

关键词： USaR operations wireless communication radio based positioning multi-sensor devices hazard detection first responders

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Free-space optical communication at 1.55 μm and 4.85 μm and turbulence measurements in the evaporation layer

Free-space optical communication at 1.55 μm and 4.85 μm an...

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conference on unmanned/unattended sensors and sensor networks IX

作者： Zeller, John Manzur, Tariq USN Undersea Warfare Ctr NUWC Newport RI 02841 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9780819492814

Free-space optics (FSO) holds the potential for high bandwidth communication in situations where landline communication is not practical, with relatively low cost and maintenance. The short-wave infrared (SWIR) and mid-wave infrared (MWIR) bands contain atmospheric transmission windows spanning approximately 1.50-1.75 mu m and 4.6-4.9 mu m, respectively. Transmission coefficients and losses were modeled using MODTRAN for optical path lengths of up to 2 km to for various atmospheric conditions. The determination of the refractive index structure parameter C-n(2) is useful in calculating the time-dependent Fried parameter, r(0), which provides an indication of the magnitude of the phase distortion of an optical wavefront by scintillation in accordance with the Kalomogorov model. By better understanding the effects of turbulence and C-n(2) on FSO transmission through modeling and experimental measurements, measures can be implemented to reduce the bit error rate and increase data throughput, enabling more efficient and accurate communication links. FSO beam optimization is achievable using a Shack-Hartmann wavefront sensor, whereby wavefront distortion of a transmitted beam is measured to compensate in real time for the effects of turbulence to provide optimized FSO reception. Using advanced techniques and compensation methods, limitations associated with infrared FSO transmission and reception in the evaporation layer may be overcome or circumvented to provide high bandwidth communication through turbulence and/or adverse weather conditions.

关键词： Free-space optics evaporation layer communication networks MODTRAN quantum cascade lasers

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Land cover/use mapping using multi-band imageries captured by Cropcam unmanned Aerial Vehicle Autopilot(UAV) over Penang Island, Malaysia

Land cover/use mapping using multi-band imageries captured b...

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conference on unmanned/unattended sensors and sensor networks IX

作者： Fuyi, Tan Chun, Beh Boon Jafri, Mohd Zubir Mat San, Lim Hwee Abdullah, Khiruddin Tahrin, Norhaslinda Mohammad Univ Sains Malaysia Sch Phys George Town 11800 Malaysia

ISBN: (纸本)9780819492814

The problem of difficulty in obtaining cloud-free scene at the Equatorial region from satellite platforms can be overcome by using airborne imagery. Airborne digital imagery has proved to be an effective tool for land cover studies. Airborne digital camera imageries were selected in this present study because of the airborne digital image provides higher spatial resolution data for mapping a small study area. The main objective of this study is to classify the RGB bands imageries taken from a low-altitude Cropcam UAV for land cover/use mapping over USM campus, penang Island, Malaysia. A conventional digital camera was used to capture images from an elevation of 320 meter on board on an UAV autopilot. This technique was cheaper and economical compared with other airborne studies. The artificial neural network (NN) and maximum likelihood classifier (MLC) were used to classify the digital imageries captured by using Cropcam UAV over USM campus, Penang Islands, Malaysia. The supervised classifier was chosen based on the highest overall accuracy (>80%) and Kappa statistic (>0.8). The classified land cover map was geometrically corrected to provide a geocoded map. The results produced by this study indicated that land cover features could be clearly identified and classified into a land cover map. This study indicates the use of a conventional digital camera as a sensor on board on an UAV autopilot can provide useful information for planning and development of a small area of coverage.

关键词： UAV classification Cropcam

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Autonomous UAV Persistent Surveillance Using Bio-Inspired Strategies

Autonomous UAV Persistent Surveillance Using Bio-Inspired St...

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conference on Ground/Air Multisensor Interoperability, Integration and Networking for Persistent ISR III

作者： Burman, Jerry Hespanha, Joao Madhow, Upamanyu Isaacs, Jason Venkateswaran, Sriram Tien Pham Teledyne Sci Co 1049 Camino Dos Rios Thousand Oaks CA 91360 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9780819490674

A team consisting of Teledyne Scientific Company, the University of California at Santa Barbara, the Army Research Laboratory, the Engineer Research and Development Center, and IBM UK is developing technologies in support of automated data exfiltration from heterogeneous battlefield sensor networks to enhance situational awareness for dismounts and command echelons. unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) provide an effective means to autonomously collect data from a sparse network of unattended ground sensors (UGSs) that cannot communicate with each other. UAVs are used to reduce the system reaction time by generating autonomous collection routes that are data-driven. Bio-inspired techniques for autonomous search provide a novel strategy to detect, capture and fuse data from heterogeneous sensor networks. The bio-inspired algorithm is based on chemotaxis or the motion of bacteria seeking nutrients in their environment. Field tests of a bio-inspired system that routed UAVs were conducted in June 2011 at Camp Roberts, CA. The field test results showed that such a system can autonomously detect and locate the source of terrestrial events with very high accuracy and visually verify the event. In June 2011, field tests of the system were completed and include the use of multiple autonomously controlled UAVs, detection and disambiguation of multiple acoustic events occurring in short time frames, optimal sensor placement based on local phenomenology and the use of the International Technology Alliance (ITA) sensor Network Fabric. The system demonstrated TRL 6 performance in the field at Camp Roberts.

关键词： unattended Ground sensor unmanned Air Vehicle Data Exfiltration Autonomous Operations Bio-Inspired Algorithms Chemotaxis Likelihood Function Data Fusion Route Planning Source Localization Acoustic Event Classification sensor Network Fabric optimal sensor placement and acoustic phenomenology

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Managing heterogeneous networks of mobile and stationary sensors

Managing heterogeneous networks of mobile and stationary sen...

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conference on unmanned/unattended sensors and sensor networks VIII

作者： Buerkle, Axel Solbrig, Peter Segor, Florian Bulatov, Dimitri Wernerus, Peter Mueller, Sven Fraunhofer IOSB Fraunhoferstr 1 D-76131 Karlsruhe Germany Fraunhofer IOSB D-76275 Ettlingen Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9780819488121

Protecting critical infrastructure against intrusion, sabotage or vandalism is a task that requires a comprehensive situation picture. Modern security systems should provide a total solution including sensors, software, hardware, and a "control unit" to ensure complete security. Incorporating unmanned mobile sensors can significantly help to close information gaps and gain an ad hoc picture of areas where no pre-installed supervision infrastructure is available or damaged after an incident. Fraunhofer IOSB has developed the generic ground control station AMFIS which is capable of managing sensor data acquisition with all kinds of unattended stationary sensors, mobile ad hoc sensor networks, and mobile sensor platforms. The system is highly mobile and able to control various mobile platforms such as small UAVs (unmanned Aerial Vehicles) and UGVs (unmanned Ground Vehicles). In order to establish a real-time situation picture, also an image exploitation process is used. In this process, video frames from different sources (mainly from small UAVs) are georeferenced by means of a system of image registration methods. Relevant information can be obtained by a motion detection module. Thus, the image exploitation process can accelerate the situation assessment significantly.

关键词： unmanned aerial vehicles swarms ground control station georeferencing

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Towards the development of tamper-resistant, ground-based mobile sensor nodes

Towards the development of tamper-resistant, ground-based mo...

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conference on unmanned/unattended sensors and sensor networks VIII

作者： Mascarenas, David Stull, Christopher Farrar, Charles Los Alamos Natl Lab Los Alamos NM 87545 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9780819488121

Mobile sensor nodes hold great potential for collecting field data using fewer resources than human operators would require and potentially requiring fewer sensors than a fixed-position sensor array. It would be very beneficial to allow these mobile sensor nodes to operate unattended with a minimum of human intervention. In order to allow mobile sensor nodes to operate unattended in a field environment, it is imperative that they be capable of identifying and responding to external agents that may attempt to tamper with, damage or steal the mobile sensor nodes, while still performing their data collection mission. Potentially hostile external agents could include animals, other mobile sensor nodes, or humans. This work will focus on developing control policies to help enable a mobile sensor node to identify and avoid capture by a hostile un-mounted human. The work is developed in a simulation environment, and demonstrated using a non-holonomic, ground-based mobile sensor node. This work will be a preliminary step toward ensuring the cyber-physical security of ground-based mobile sensor nodes that operate unattended in potentially unfriendly environments.

关键词： mobile sensor nodes ground robot anti-tamper anti-theft cyber-physical security robotics unmanned systems

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EO/IR sensor Development using Nanostructures for unattended Ground sensor Applications

EO/IR Sensor Development using Nanostructures for Unattended...

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conference on unmanned/unattended sensors and sensor networks VIII

作者： Sood, Ashok K. Zeller, John W. Puri, Yash R. Manzur, Tariq Dhar, Nibir K. Rivera, Abdiel Anwar, A. F. M. Fernandes, Gustavo Xu, J. M. (Jimmy) Magnolia Opt Technol Inc 52-B Cummings Pk Woburn MA 01801 USA Naval Underwater Warfare Ctr Newport RI 02841 USA DARPA MTO Arlington VA 22203 USA Univ Connecticut Dept Elect Engn Storrs CT 06269 USA Brock Univ Dept Engn St Catharines ON Canada

ISBN: (纸本)9780819488121

Next Generation EO/IR focal plane arrays using nanostructure materials are being developed for a variety of Defense Applications including unattended Ground sensor Applications. Several different nanomaterials are being evaluated for these applications. These include ZnO nanowires that have demonstrated large signal to noise ratio as a wide band gap nanostructure material in the UV band. Similarly, the work is under way using Carbon Nanotubes (CNT) for a high speed detector and focal plane array as bolometer for IR bands of interest, which can be implemented for the unattended ground sensor applications. In this paper, we will discuss the sensor design and model predicting performance of an EO/IR focal plane array that can cover the UV to IR bands of interest. The model can provide a robust means for comparing performance of the EO/IR FPA's and sensors that can operate in the UV, Visible-NIR (0.4-1.8 mu m), SWIR (2.0-2.5 mu m), MWIR (3-5 mu m), and LWIR bands (8-14 mu m). This sensor model can be used as a tool for predicting performance of nanostructure arrays under development. We will also discuss our results on growth and characterization of ZnO/MgZnO nanowires and CNT's for the next generation sensor applications.

关键词： sensors Zinc oxide Signal to noise ratio Ultraviolet radiation Nanowires Nanostructures unattended ground sensors Dye sensitized solar cells Interference (communication) Solar energy

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A Versatile sensor Network for Urban Search and Rescue operations

A Versatile Sensor Network for Urban Search and Rescue opera...

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conference on unmanned/unattended sensors and sensor networks VIII

作者： Kansala, Klaus Korkalainen, Marko Mayra, Aki Tech Res Ctr Finland VTT Oulu 90571 Finland

ISBN: (纸本)9780819488121

The presentation is based in the research work carried out in EU funded project SGL for USaR (Second Generation Locator for Urban Search and Rescue Operations). The aim of this project is to develop wireless standalone communication system with embedded sensor network which can be globally used in rescue operations after accidents or terrorist attacks. The system should be able to operate without external support for several days: it should have autonomy with power supply and communication. The devices must be lightweight so that rescue team can easily carry them and finally they must be easy to install and use. The range of the wireless communication must cover an area of several square kilometers. The embedded sensor system must be able to detect sings of life but also detect hazards threatening the rescue operators thus preventing more accidents. It should also support positioning and digital mapping as well as the management of the search and rescue operation. This sensor network for urban search and rescue operations has been tested on a field conditions and it has proven to be robust and reliable and provides an energy efficient way of communication and positioning on harsh conditions.

关键词： multi-sensor device radio based positioning wireless communication hazard detection USaR operations natural of man-made disasters

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Firestorm™ - A Collaborative Network Suite Application for Rapid sensor Data Processing & Precise Decisive Responses

Firestorm™ - A Collaborative Network Suite Application for ...

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conference on unattended Ground, Sea, and Air sensor Technologies and Applications XIII

作者： Kaniyantethu, Shaji ARDEC Picatinny Arsenal NJ 07806 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9780819486202

This paper discusses the many features and composed technologies in Firestorm (TM) - a Distributed Collaborative Fires and Effects software. Modern response management systems capitalize on the capabilities of a plethora of sensors and its output for situational awareness. Firestorm utilizes a unique networked lethality approach by integrating unmanned air and ground vehicles to provide target handoff and sharing of data between humans and sensors. The system employs Bayesian networks for track management of sensor data, and distributed auction algorithms for allocating targets and delivering the right effect without information overload to the Warfighter. Firestorm Networked Effects Component provides joint weapon-target pairing, attack guidance, target selection standards, and other fires and effects components. Moreover, the open and modular architecture allows for easy integration with new data sources. Versatility and adaptability of the application enable it to devise and dispense a suitable response to a wide variety of scenarios. Recently, this application was used for detecting and countering a vehicle intruder with the help of radio frequency spotter sensor, command driven cameras, remote weapon system, portable vehicle arresting barrier, and an unmanned aerial vehicle - which confirmed the presence of the intruder, as well as provided lethal/non-lethal response and battle damage assessment. The completed demonstrations have proved Firestorm's (TM) validity and feasibility to predict, detect, neutralize, and protect key assets and/or area against a variety of possible threats. The sensors and responding assets can be deployed with numerous configurations to cover the various terrain and environmental conditions, and can be integrated to a number of platforms.

关键词： networked lethality weapon-target pairing target handoff target deconfliction track management attack guidance modular architecture collaborative engagement

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Effects of evaporation layer on free-space optical communication links near sea surface at 1.55 μm

Effects of evaporation layer on free-space optical communica...

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conference on unmanned/unattended sensors and sensor networks VIII

作者： Zeller, John Manzur, Tariq USN Undersea Warfare Ctr Newport RI 02841 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9780819488121

Free-space optics (FSO) holds the potential for high bandwidth communication in situations where landline communication is not practical, with relatively low cost and maintenance. For FSO communication in maritime environments, laser beams propagating through the evaporation layer near the sea surface are affected by turbulence, the scattering coefficients of the water particles, and the salt water itself. To better gauge and understand the effects of turbulence on FSO communication, the refractive index structure parameter C-n(2), which relates to scintillation strength, is determined from database of environmental parameters experimentally measured near the sea surface. A high speed Shack-Hartmann wavefront sensor is utilized to measure wavefront distortion of a beam transmitted though the evaporation layer, and thus determine the extent of turbulence encountered along the optical pathway. Through the use of adaptive optics, the wavefront of a transmitted beam is modulated in real time to compensate for turbulence, thereby providing optimal FSO reception. The Kalman filter method is also employed to reconstruct an original undistorted image from a series of sequential transmitted images altered by turbulence. In addition, atmospheric, free-space, and scintillation losses are analyzed and predicted for extended optical path lengths in view of their impact on FSO data transfer and communication. Furthermore, the effects of weather conditions on FSO transmission are investigated through MODTRAN based modeling at 1.55 mu m wavelength, where multiple elevation angles are considered. Using advanced techniques, many limitations associated with infrared FSO transmission and reception in the evaporation layer may be overcome or circumvented.

关键词： Free-space optics evaporation layer communication networks infrared lasers MODTRAN Fried parameter

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