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Mach-Zehnder fiber interferometer for people monitoring

Mach-Zehnder fiber interferometer for people monitoring

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conference on unmanned/unattended sensors and sensor networks VII

作者： Vasinek, Vladimir Latal, Jan Koudelka, Petr Siska, Petr Vitasek, Jan Skapa, Jan Tech Univ Ostrava Dept Telecommun CR-70833 Ostrava Czech Republic

ISBN: (纸本)9780819483515

Fiber optical interferometers belong to highly sensitive equipments that are able to measure slight changes like distortion of shape, temperature and electric field variation and etc. Their great advantage is that they are insensitive on ageing component, from which they are composed of. It is in virtue of herewith, that there are evaluated no changes in optical signal intensity but number interference fringes. To monitor the movement of persons, eventually to analyze the changes in state of motion we developed method based on analysis the dynamic changes in interferometric pattern. We have used Mach- Zehnder interferometer with conventional SM fibers excited with the DFB laser at wavelength of 1550 nm. It was terminated with optical receiver containing InGaAs PIN photodiode. Its output was brought into measuring card module that performs on FFT of the received interferometer signal. The signal rises with the composition of two waves passing through single interferometer arm. The optical fiber SMF 28e in one arm is referential;the second one is positioned on measuring slab at dimensions of 1x2m. A movement of persons over the slab was monitored, signal processed with FFT and frequency spectra were evaluated. They rose owing to dynamic changes of interferometric pattern. The results reflect that the individual subjects passing through slab embody characteristic frequency spectra, which are individual for particular persons. The scope of measuring frequencies proceeded from zero to 10 KHz. It was also displayed in experiments that the experimental subjects, who walked around the slab and at the same time they have had changed their state of motion ( knee joint fixation), embodied characteristic changes in their frequency spectra. At experiments the stability of interferometric patterns was evaluated as from time aspects, so from the view of repeated identical experiments. Two kinds of balls ( tennis and ping-pong) were used to plot the repeatability measurements and t

关键词： M-Z interferometer people movement monitoring FFT fiber interferometric sensor

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Configuration of a sparse network of LIDAR sensors to identify security-relevant behavior of people

Configuration of a sparse network of LIDAR sensors to identi...

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unmanned/unattended sensors and sensor networks VI conference

作者： Wenzl, Konrad Ruser, Heinrich Kargel, Christian Bundeswehr University Munich Institute for Measurement and Automation Division of Sensor Technology and Measurement Systems 85577 Neubiberg/Munich Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9780819477866

Surveillance is an important application of sensor networks. In this paper it is demonstrated how a sparse network of stationary infrared (IR) sensors with highly directional, stationary beam patterns based on the LIDAR principle can be used to reliably track persons. Due to the small number of sensors and their narrow beam patterns a significant portion of the area to be surveilled is not directly assessed by the sensors. To nonetheless achieve reliable tracking of moving targets in the entire area to be monitored, we employ the most appropriate sensor network configuration and propose a probabilistic tracking approach. The behavior of a person moving through the area of observation is classified as "normal" or "abnormal" depending upon the trajectory and motion dynamics. The classification is based on a linear Kalman prediction. © 2009 Copyright SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering.

关键词： Optical radar

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Miniature dissolved oxygen and turbulence optical sensor for river and coastal environmental applications

Miniature dissolved oxygen and turbulence optical sensor for...

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unmanned/unattended sensors and sensor networks VI conference

作者： Carapezza, Edward M. Lombardi, Gabrial Butman, Jerry Babb, Ivar University of Connecticut-Avery Point Groton CT United States Phase Coherence Torrance CA United States

ISBN: (纸本)9780819477866

This paper describes an innovative miniature optical sensor for predicting dissolved oxygen concentrations and measuring turbulence in river and littoral water columns. The dissolved oxygen and turbulence sensor consists of a single-frequency laser transmitter and a photodetector on which the scattered light from the turbulent water at the base of a dam or spillway is coherently mixed with a sample of the transmitted beam. This miniature sensor could be used both upstream and downsteam of dams and weirs to predict the amount of dissolved oxygen and turbulence in these waters. It could also be used on mobile platforms, such as unmanned underwater vehicles (UUV's), to monitor the edges of biological or chemical plumes or for wake follow platforms, schools of fish or marine mammals or on stationary unattended underwater sensors to monitor natural aeration and turbulence in littoral and riverine waters. Arrays of fixed unattended sensors could be used to detect the wake of transiting submerged vehicles, scuba divers, marine mammals or large schools of fish. A mobile platform equipped with a miniature sensor could to be cued to the general location and depth of an underwater target and then the platform could use this small aperture sensor to acquire and follow the wake. This dissolved oxygen and turbulence sensor system could be miniaturized and packaged into a very small volume;approximately the size of a wristwatch. © 2009 Copyright SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering.

关键词： Fish

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Remote control of open groups of remote sensors

Remote control of open groups of remote sensors

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unmanned/unattended sensors and sensor networks VI conference

作者： Sapaty, Peter Institute of Mathematical Machines and Systems National Academy of Sciences Glushkova Ave 42 03187 Kiev Ukraine

ISBN: (纸本)9780819477866

A distributed technology will be presented enabling a remote operator to manage arbitrary sized groups of stationary or mobile sensors (or robots), behaving altogether as an integral and global-goal-driven unit. The group is tasked in a Distributed Scenario Language (DSL) collectively executed by communicating interpreters embedded in individual sensors and integrated with their functionalities. Compact and created on the fly, DSL scenarios can be remotely injected into any sensor, subsequently self-replicating, self-modifying, and self-spreading in a virus mode throughout the whole group, tasking individual units and setting needed operational infrastructures among them. The approach can remotely control dynamic and open systems of different natures and comprehend complex phenomena unavailable to individual sensors. © 2009 Copyright SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering.

关键词： Remote control

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unmanned/unattended sensors and sensor networks VI

Unmanned/Unattended Sensors and Sensor Networks VI

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unmanned/unattended sensors and sensor networks VI conference

ISBN: (纸本)9780819477866

The proceedings contain 24 papers. The topics discussed include: joint force protection advanced security system (JFPASS) 'the future of force protection: integrate and automate';miniature dissolved oxygen and turbulence optical sensor for river and coastal environmental applications;configuration of a sparse network of LIDAR sensors to identify security-relevant behavior of people;a new approach for determining reliability of unmanned vehicles network using fuzzy logic;simulation of an algorithm for determining the reliability of unmanned ground vehicle networks;collaborating miniature drones for surveillance and reconnaissance;mobile optical high-speed data links with small terminals;cockpit to helmet optical wireless link: prototype hardware demonstration;retro-reflective communications over a kilometer range using a MEMS-based optical tag;and integration of self-organizing map (SOM) and kernel density estimation (KDE) for network intrusion detection.

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Simulation of an algorithm for determining the reliability of unmanned ground vehicle networks

Simulation of an algorithm for determining the reliability o...

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unmanned/unattended sensors and sensor networks VI conference

作者： Singh, Harpreet Dixit, Arati M. Saab, Kassem Gerhart, Grant R. Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Wayne State University Detroit MI 48202 United States U.S. Army Tank Automotive Research Development and Engineering Ctr. Warren MI 48397 United States

ISBN: (纸本)9780819477866

There is an increasing interest in the army of small unmanned robots taking part in defense operations. It is considered important to predict the reliability of the group of robots taking part in different operations. A group of robots have both coordination and collaboration. The robot operations are considered as a network graph whose system reliability can be determined with the help of different techniques. Once a specified reliability is achieved the commander controlling the operation can take appropriate action. This paper gives a simulation which can determine the system reliability of the robotic systems having collaboration and coordination. The procedure developed is based on binary decision diagrams to obtain a disjoint Boolean expression. The procedure is applicable for any number of nodes and the branches. For illustration purposes reliability of simple circuits like series network, parallel network, series-parallel and non-series parallel network are illustrated. It is hoped that more work in this area will lead to the development of algorithms which will be ultimately used for a real time environment. © 2009 Copyright SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering.

关键词： Network security

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A new approach for determining reliability of unmanned vehicles network using fuzzy logic

A new approach for determining reliability of unmanned vehic...

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unmanned/unattended sensors and sensor networks VI conference

作者： Mustapha, Adam Singh, Harpreet Saab, Kassem Rai, Suresh Gerhart, Grant R. Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Wayne State University Detroit MI 48202 United States Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering LSU Baton Rouge LA 70803 United States U.S. Army Tank Automotive Research Development and Engineering Ctr. Warren MI 48397 United States

ISBN: (纸本)9780819477866

Some interest has recently been shown in determining the reliability of unmanned ground vehicles network. Based on the predicted reliability, a commander can take appropriate action in the battle field operation for unmanned ground vehicles network. The reliability should include coordination and collaboration of a number of different unmanned ground vehicles. Some approaches for determining the reliability of unmanned vehicles have been discussed in the literatures. In this paper, we propose a new algorithm by which the reliability of unmanned ground vehicles network is predicted using fuzzy approach. The approach is different from statistical approaches discussed in previous papers. The algorithm suggested here is based on all simple paths obtained between the terminal nodes of the network in question or the cutset expression of the terminal nodes. Each variable in the Boolean expression obtained from simple path method or from the cutset method will be subjectively assigned a membership grade by an expert in the field. Fuzzy union and fuzzy intersection operations are used to predict the reliability of the network in question. New theorems have been developed to determine the disjoint expression using fuzzy logic. The comparison of this new approach is given with the existing approaches. Further, assuming node reliability and branch reliability one can also predict system reliability of the unmanned ground vehicles network using fuzzy logic. © 2009 Copyright SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering.

关键词： Fuzzy logic

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GaN-based THz advanced quantum cascade lasers for manned and unmanned systems

GaN-based THz advanced quantum cascade lasers for manned and...

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unmanned/unattended sensors and sensor networks VI conference

作者： Anwar, A.F.M. Manzur, Tariq Lefebvre, Kevin R. Carapezza, Edward M. Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Connecticut Storrs CT United States DIVNPT Newport RI 02841-1708 United States Sensis Corporation 85 Collamer Crossing East Syracuse NY 13057 United States DARPA 3701 N. Fairfax Drive Arlington VA 22203-1714 United States

ISBN: (纸本)9780819477866

In recent years the use of unmanned Autonomous Vehicles (UAV) has seen a wider range of applications. However, their applications are restricted due to (a) advanced integrated sensing and processing electronics and (b) limited energy storage or on-board energy generation to name a few. The availability of a wide variety of sensing elements, operating at room temperatures, provides a great degree of flexibility with an extended application domain. Though sensors responding to a variable spectrum of input excitations ranging from (a) chemical, (b) biological, (c) atmospheric, (d) magnetic and (e) visual/IR imaging have been implemented in UAVs, the use of THz as a technology has not been implemented due to the absence of systems operating at room temperature. The integration of multi-phenomenological onboard sensors on small and miniature unmanned air vehicles will dramatically impact the detection and processing of challenging targets, such as humans carrying weapons or wearing suicide bomb vests. unmanned air vehicles have the potential of flying over crowds of people and quickly discriminating non-threat humans from treat humans. The state of the art in small and miniature UAV's has progressed to vehicles of less than 1 pound in weight but with payloads of only a fraction of a pound. Uncooled IR sensors, such as amorphous silicon and vanadium oxide microbolometers with MRT's of less than 70mK and requiring power of less than 250mW, are available for integration into small UAV's. These sensors are responsive only up to approximately 14 microns and do not favorably compare with THz imaging systems for remotely detecting and classifying concealed weapons and bombs. In the following we propose the use of THz GaN-based QCL operating at room temperature as a possible alternative. © 2009 Copyright SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering.

关键词： Room temperature

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Algorithms exploiting ultrasonic sensors for subject classification

Algorithms exploiting ultrasonic sensors for subject classif...

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unmanned/unattended sensors and sensor networks VI conference

作者： Desai, Sachi Quoraishee, Shafik U.S. Army RDECOM ARDEC Picatinny Arsenal NJ 07806-5000 United States

ISBN: (纸本)9780819477866

Proposed here is a series of techniques exploiting micro-Doppler ultrasonic sensors capable of characterizing various detected mammalian targets based on their physiological movements captured a series of robust features. Employed is a combination of unique and conventional digital signal processing techniques arranged in such a manner they become capable of classifying a series of walkers. These processes for feature extraction develops a robust feature space capable of providing discrimination of various movements generated from bipeds and quadrupeds and further subdivided into large or small. These movements can be exploited to provide specific information of a given signature dividing it in a series of subset signatures exploiting wavelets to generate start/stop times. After viewing a series spectrograms of the signature we are able to see distinct differences and utilizing kurtosis, we generate an envelope detector capable of isolating each of the corresponding step cycles generated during a walk. The walk cycle is defined as one complete sequence of walking/running from the foot pushing off the ground and concluding when returning to the ground. This time information segments the events that are readily seen in the spectrogram but obstructed in the temporal domain into individual walk sequences. This walking sequence is then subsequently translated into a three dimensional waterfall plot defining the expected energy value associated with the motion at particular instance of time and frequency. The value is capable of being repeatable for each particular class and employable to discriminate the events. Highly reliable classification is realized exploiting a classifier trained on a candidate sample space derived from the associated gyrations created by motion from actors of interest. The classifier developed herein provides a capability to classify events as an adult humans, children humans, horses, and dogs at potentially high rates based on the tested sample s

关键词： Digital signal processing

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Sustainable coastal sensor networks: Technologies and challenges

Sustainable coastal sensor networks: Technologies and challe...

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conference on unattended Ground, Sea, and Air sensor Technologies and Applications X

作者： Carapezza, Edward M. Butman, Jerry Babb, Ivar Bucklin, Ann Univ Connecticut Groton CT 06340 USA Phase Coherence Torrance CA USA

ISBN: (纸本)9780819471543

This paper describes a distributed sensor network for a coastal maritime security system. This concept incorporates a network of small passive and active multi-phenomenological unattended sensors and shore based optical sensors to detect, classify, and track submerged threat objects approaching high value coastal assets, such as ports, harbors, residential, commercial, and military facilities and areas. The network of-unattended, in-water sensors perform the initial detection, classification, and coarse tracking and then queues shore based optical. laser radar sensors. These shore-based sensors perform a queued sector search to develop a refined track on the submerged threat objects that were initially detected by the unattended sensor network. Potential threat objects include swimmers, small unmanned underwater vehicles (UUV's), small submarines, and submerged barges. All of these threats have the potential to transport threat objects such as explosives, chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear materials. Reliable systems with low false alarm rates (FAR) are proposed. Tens to hundreds of low cost passive sensors are proposed to be deployed conjunctively with several active acoustic and optical sensors in threat and facility dependant patterns to maximize the detection, tracking and classification of submerged threat objects. The integrated command and control system and novel microbial fuel cells to power these sensor networks are also described.

关键词： unattended sensors sensor networks intelligent systems homeland security maritime security detection classification and tracking

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