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Dynamic throughput estimation for wireless video communications

Dynamic throughput estimation for wireless video communicati...

引用

conference on visual communications and image processing 2002

作者： Kumwilaisak, W Kim, J Ku, R Kuo, CCJ Univ So Calif Integrated Media Syst Ctr Los Angeles CA 90089 USA

ISBN: (纸本)0819444111

Dynamic throughput estimation for wireless multimedia transmission is examined in this research. A novel dynamic mapping scheme from measurements of a real-world wireless environment to a discrete Markov model is first proposed to simulate wireless video packet-based transmission. Then, the available throughput is estimated by using the derived discrete Markov model together with the number of negative acknowledgements (NACK) that are fed back from the receiver to the transmitter. The estimated throughput is used to perform the adaptive region-of-interest (ROI) rate control based on the multiple constraint optimization. The performance of the channel mapping scheme, the throughput estimation, and the region-of-interest rate control is demonstrated by simulating a micro-cell environment and ITU-T H.263+ video standard. Performance variation due to different estimation of throughput is compared and the performance improvement due to the multiple constraint optimization is demonstrated both in objective and subjective quality.

关键词： Video Computer programming Mathematical modeling Data modeling Performance modeling Distortion Wireless communications Multimedia Signal to noise ratio Statistical modeling

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Resource constrained complexity scalable video decoding via adaptive B-residual computation

Resource constrained complexity scalable video decoding via ...

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conference on visual communications and image processing 2002

作者： Peng, S Zhong, Z Philips Res Briarcliff Manor NY 10510 USA

ISBN: (纸本)0819444111

As media processing gradually migrates from hardware to software programmable platforms, the number of media processing functions added on the media processor grow even faster than the ever-increasing media processor power can support. Computational complexity scalable algorithms become powerful vehicles for implementing many time-critical yet complexity-constrained applications, such as MPEG2 video decoding. In this paper, we present an adaptive resource-constrained complexity scalable MPEG2 video decoding scheme that makes a good trade-off between decoding complexity and output quality. Based on the available computational resources and the energy level of B-frame residuals, the scalable decoding algorithm selectively decodes B-residual blocks to significantly reduce system complexity. Furthermore, we describe an iterative procedure designed to dynamically adjust the complexity levels in order to achieve the best possible output quality under a given resource constraint. Experimental results show that up to 20% of total computational complexity reduction can be obtained with satisfactory output visual quality.

关键词： Video Computing systems Multimedia Video processing Algorithm development Control systems Data processing Distortion Telecommunications visualization

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image sequence segmentation via heuristic texture analysis and region tracking

Image sequence segmentation via heuristic texture analysis a...

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conference on visual communications and image processing 2002

作者： Jan, YH Lin, DW Natl Chiao Tung Univ Dept Elect Engn Hsinchu 30010 Taiwan

ISBN: (纸本)0819444111

We develop a method for automatic segmentation of natural video sequences. The method is based on low-level spatial and temporal analyses. It features three designs to help facilitate good region segmentation while keeping the computational complexity at a reasonable level. Firstly, a preliminary seed-area identification and a final re-segmentation process are performed on each video frame to help region tracking. Secondly, a simple way to measure homogeneity of texture in a region is devised and the segmentation tries to locate object boundaries at where the texture shows significant changes. And thirdly, a reduced-complexity motion estimation technique is used, so that dense motion fields can be computed at a reasonable complexity. The overall method is organized into four tasks, namely, seed-area identification (for each frame), initial segmentation (only for the first frame in the sequence), motion-based segmentation (for all later frames), and region tracking and updating (also for all later frames). Some examples are provided to illustrate the performance of this method.

关键词： image sequence segmentation object tracking

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Improvements to JPEG-LS via diagonal edge based prediction

Improvements to JPEG-LS via diagonal edge based prediction

引用

conference on visual communications and image processing 2002

作者： Edirisinghe, EA Satish, BA Grecos, C Loughborough Univ Technol Dept Comp Sci Loughborough LE11 3TU Leics England

ISBN: (纸本)0819444111

JPEG-LS is the latest pixel based lossless to near lossless still image coding standard introduced by the Joint Photographic Experts Group (JPEG) (1). In this standard simple localized edge detection techniques are used in order to determine the predictive value of each pixel. These edge detection techniques only detect horizontal and vertical edges and the corresponding predictors have only been optimized for the accurate prediction of pixels in the locality of horizontal and/or vertical edges. As a result JPEG-LS produces large prediction errors in the locality of diagonal edges. In this paper we propose a low complexity, low cost technique that accurately detects diagonal edges and predicts the value of pixels to be encoded based on the gradients available within the standard predictive template of JPEG-LS. We provide experimental results to show that the proposed technique outperforms JPEG-LS in terms of predicted mean squared error, by a margin of up to 8.51%.

关键词： JPEG-LS lossless image coding predictive coding edge detection

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Scene adaptive non-uniformity correction using TARID-Composite image prediction

Scene adaptive non-uniformity correction using TARID-Composi...

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conference on visual communications and image processing 2002

作者： Schuler, JM Howard, JG Warren, PR Scribner, DA USN Res Lab Div Opt Sci Washington DC 20375 USA

ISBN: (纸本)0819444111

imagery gathered by a Focal Plane Array (FPA) based sensor often suffers from the intrinsic non-uniform response of the individual detectors of the FPA. A digital Non-Uniformity Correction (NUC) can compensate for this distortion by implementing a functional transformation to the numerical output of each digitized FPA pixel. Such a NUC is often measured by exposing the sensor to one or more sources of uniform flux, and computed so that the post-NUC image of such uniform scenery has minimal spatial variation. Alternative NUC implementations adopt a scene-adaptive approach , using only the data in the gathered video sequence for which one wants to NUC. Several implementations, such as temporal high-pass filtering, neural-network, steepest-descent, or adaptive LMS, fundamentally depend on scene-predicted image necessary compute the appropriate functional correction. Such predicted images are invariably a spatial transformation of a single frame of video; it is because of the limited accuracy of such a single-image prediction that mandates algorithm compromises between slow convergence and pathological collapses, such as image scene burn-in or image washout. Previously reported research in image resolution enhancement mandates the construction of a Temporal Accumulation of Registered image Data (TARID) composite image as a pre-processing step. Such TARID composite images have significantly improved accuracy and robustness over any single-frame predicted image applied to scene adaptive NUC algorithms, resulting in markedly improved performance in both convergence and stability.

关键词： Nonuniformity corrections Video Digital filtering image filtering Staring arrays Linear filtering Sensors image enhancement image processing Analytical research

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Design of a highly efficient wavelet-based video coding scheme

Design of a highly efficient wavelet-based video coding sche...

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conference on visual communications and image processing 2002

作者： Marpe, D Wiegand, T Cycon, HL Heinrich Hertz Inst Nachrichtentech Berlin GmbH Image Proc dept D-10587 Berlin Germany

ISBN: (纸本)0819444111

In this paper, we present a novel design of a wavelet-based video coding algorithm within a conventional hybrid framework of temporal motion-compensated prediction and transform coding. Our proposed algorithm involves the incorporation of multi-frame motion compensation as an effective means of improving the quality of the temporal prediction. In addition, we follow the rate-distortion optimizing strategy of using a Lagrangian cost function to discriminate between different decisions in the video encoding process. Finally, we demonstrate that context-based adaptive arithmetic coding is a key element for fast adaptation and high coding efficiency. The combination of overlapped block motion compensation and frame-based transform coding enables blocking-artifact free and hence subjectively more pleasing video. In comparison with a highly optimized MPEG-4 Advanced Simple Profile coder, our proposed scheme provides significant performance gains in objective quality of 2.0-3.5 dB PSNR.

关键词： video coding wavelet-based coding very low bit rate coding H.26L MPEG-4

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Human visual system based scalable video coding and communications 3

Human visual system based scalable video coding and communic...

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conference on Electronic Imaging and Multimedia Technology III

作者： Lu, LG Wang, Z Kouloheris, J Bovik, AC IBM Corp Thomas J Watson Res Ctr Multimedia Technol Yorktown Hts NY 10598 USA

ISBN: (纸本)0819447145

This paper introduces our recent research work on the development of a scalable foveated visual information coding and communication system, which follows two emerging trends in visual communication research. One is to design rate scalable image and video codecs, which allow the extraction of coded visual information at continuously varying bit rates from a single compressed bitstream. The other is to incorporate human visual system models to improve the state-of-the-art of image and video coding techniques by better exploiting the properties of the intended receiver. The central idea of the proposed system is to organize the encoded bitstream to provide the best decoded visual information at an arbitrary bit rate in terms of foveated visual quality measurement. Such a scalable foveated visual information processing system has many potential applications in the field of visual communications. Significant examples include network image browsing, network videoconferencing, robust visual communication over noisy channels, and visual communication over active networks.

关键词： visual communication image coding scalable video coding human visual system foveation

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Region-based scalable coding for video communications

Region-based scalable coding for video communications

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conference on visual communications and image processing 2002

作者： Lee, JH Yoon, SH Alexander, WE N Carolina State Univ Dept Elect & Comp Engn Raleigh NC 27695 USA

ISBN: (纸本)0819444111

This paper presents a region-based scalable coding technique that can be used in interactive transmission of images over networks. This method has a capability of near lossless coding for a specific region of interest (ROI), while the rest of the region is coded with a high quality lossy codec. The enhancement layers add refinement to the quality of the images that have been reconstructed using the basic layer of the intra frame. The proposed coding technique uses multiple quantizers with thresholds (QT) for layering and it creates a bit plane for each layer of both the intra and residual frames. The bit plane is then partitioned into sets of small areas to be coded independently. Run-length and entropy coding are applied to each of the sets to provide scalability for the entire image sets resulting in high picture quality in the end user-specified ROI. We tested this technique by applying it to various test image sequences and we consistently achieved a high level of performance.

关键词： scalable video coding region of interest wavelets motion compensation

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Efficient exploitation of parallelism in general purpose processor based systems for image and video processing applications

Efficient exploitation of parallelism in general purpose pro...

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conference on visual communications and image processing 2002

作者： Debes, E Moschetti, F Intel Labs Santa Clara CA 95050 USA

ISBN: (纸本)0819444111

This paper proposes a classification of the parallelisms in general-purpose processor based systems in three main categories. One category is the intra-processor parallelism that includes multimedia instructions and superscalar and VLIW architectures. The former takes advantage of data parallelism. The latter benefit from instruction level parallelism. Another category is the inter-processor parallelism. We consider the parallelism between processors inside shared memory symmetric multiprocessor systems and in distributed memory clusters of workstations. Finally, in the last category, main features of the system level parallelism are studied including the input/output operations, the memory hierarchy and the exploitation of external processing. The potential gain is studied for each type of parallelism available in general-purpose processor based systems from a theoretical point of view as well as for existing image and video applications. The results in this paper showed that the exploitation of the different levels of parallelism available in PC workstations can lead to considerable gains in speed when optimizing a multimedia application. Finally the results of this work can be used to influence the design of new multimedia systems and media processors.

关键词： parallelism image processing video coding general-purpose processors

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Embedded morphological dilation coding for 2D and 3D images

Embedded morphological dilation coding for 2D and 3D images

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conference on visual communications and image processing 2002

作者： Lazzaroni, F Signoroni, A Leonardi, R Univ Brescia DEA Signals & Commun Lab I-25123 Brescia Italy

ISBN: (纸本)0819444111

Current wavelet-based image coders obtain high performance thanks to the identification and the exploitation of the statistical properties of natural images in the transformed domain. Zerotree-based algorithms, as "Embedded Zerotree Wavelets" (EZW) and "Set Partitioning In Hierarchical Trees" (SPIHT), offer high Rate-Distortion (RD) coding performance and low computational complexity by exploiting statistical dependencies among insignificant coefficients on hierarchical subband structures. Another possible approach tries to predict the clusters of significant coefficients by means of some form of morphological dilation. An example of a morphology-based coder is the "Significance-Linked Connected Component Analysis" (SLCCA) that has shown performance which are comparable to the zerotree-based coders but is not embedded. A new embedded bit-plane coder is proposed here based on morphological dilation of significant coefficients and context based arithmetic coding. The algorithm is able to exploit both intra-band and inter-band statistical dependencies among wavelet significant coefficients. Moreover, the same approach is used both for two and three-dimensional wavelet-based image compression. Finally the algorithms are tested on some 2D images and on a medical volume, by comparing the RD results to those obtained with the state-of-the-art wavelet-based coders.

关键词： 2D and 3D image coding wavelet transform embedding arithmetic coding morphology

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