With the rapid development of the Internet, more and more attention is focused on IP video streaming. We introduce an RD optimal macro-block mode decision scheme for the new H.26L video stream. Based on the statistica...
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To what extent do we have shared or unique visual experiences? This paper examines how the answer to this question is constrained by known processes of visual adaptation. Adaptation constantly recalibrates visual sens...
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ISBN:
(纸本)0819444022
To what extent do we have shared or unique visual experiences? This paper examines how the answer to this question is constrained by known processes of visual adaptation. Adaptation constantly recalibrates visual sensitivity so that our vision is matched to the stimuli that we are currently exposed to. These processes normalize perception not only to low-level features in the image, but to high-level, biologically relevant properties of the visual world. They can therefore strongly impact many natural perceptual judgments. To the extent that observers are exposed to and thus adapted by a different environment, their vision will be normalized in different ways and their subjective visual experience will differ. These differences are illustrated by considering how adaptation can influence human face perception. To the extent that observers are exposed and adapted to common properties in the environment, their vision will be adjusted toward common states, and in this respect they will have a common visual experience. This is illustrated by reviewing the effects of adaptation on the perception of image blur. In either case, it is the similarities or differences in the stimuli and not the intrinsic similarities or differences in the observers - which determine the relative states of adaptation. Thus at least some aspects of our private internal experience are controlled by external factors that are accessible to objective measurement.
In real-time multicast communication scalability, reliability, feedback implosion, and packet loss recovery are of paramount importance. In this work we have developed an efficient feedback-free, entirely receiver-dri...
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ISBN:
(纸本)0780374029
In real-time multicast communication scalability, reliability, feedback implosion, and packet loss recovery are of paramount importance. In this work we have developed an efficient feedback-free, entirely receiver-driven, and reliable visual information delivery hybrid scheme (SIGMA-EC) for multicast applications over unreliable communication networks, that requires no per-receiver status at the sender. Our scheme's encoding and decoding processing time is an order of magnitude faster than conventional FEC-based loss recovery schemes. Among other attractive features, the reconstructed image quality gets progressively better. Furthermore, we obtain all these advantages using a remarkably simple structure, both conceptually as well as computationally.
Enhanced false color images from mid-IR, near-IR (NIR), and visible bands of the Landsat thematic mapper (TM) are commonly used for visually interpreting land cover type. Described here is a technique for sharpening o...
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ISBN:
(纸本)0819444863
Enhanced false color images from mid-IR, near-IR (NIR), and visible bands of the Landsat thematic mapper (TM) are commonly used for visually interpreting land cover type. Described here is a technique for sharpening or fusion of NIR with higher resolution panchromatic (Pan) that uses a shift-invariant implementation of the discrete wavelet transform (SIDWT) and a reported pixel-based selection rule to combine transform coefficients. There can be contrast reversals (e.g., at soil-vegetation boundaries between NIR and visible band images) and consequently degraded sharpening and edge artifacts. To improve performance for these conditions, I used a local area-based correlation technique originally reported for comparing image-pyramid-derived edges for the adaptive processing of wavelet-derived edge data. Also, using the redundant data of the SIDWT improves edge data generation. There is additional improvement because sharpened subband imagery is used with the edge-correlation process. A reported technique for sharpening three-band spectral imagery used forward and inverse intensity, hue, and saturation transforms and wavelet-based sharpening of intensity. This technique had limitations with opposite contrast data, and in this study sharpening was applied to singleband multispectral-Pan image pairs. Sharpening used simulated 30-m NIR imagery produced by degrading the spatial resolution of a higher resolution reference. Performance, evaluated by comparison between sharpened and reference image, was improved when sharpened subband data were used with the edge correlation.
For more than fifty years, computer engineers have sought to construct minimal computers using only a single instruction computer. While it might appear to be a simple academic exercise, remarkably, a rich computation...
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ISBN:
(纸本)0819446467
For more than fifty years, computer engineers have sought to construct minimal computers using only a single instruction computer. While it might appear to be a simple academic exercise, remarkably, a rich computation paradigm can be developed using this approach, with important applications and implications in reconfigurable, chemical, optical and biological computing. More recently, the widespread use of the Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) has made such an approach not only desirable, but also practical. In this paper the history and motivation behind single instruction or one instruction computing (OISC) is reviewed. It is then shown how the paradigm can be used to implement a variety of imaging operations efficiently. Finally, a practical application and future work in languages and tools are presented.
In a multiuser chaotic communications scheme, each user's information is modulated with a chaotic system and then transmitted independently over a common communication channel. The receiver sees the superposition ...
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ISBN:
(纸本)0780374029
In a multiuser chaotic communications scheme, each user's information is modulated with a chaotic system and then transmitted independently over a common communication channel. The receiver sees the superposition of the distorted transmitted signals with additive noise. In this paper, a novel channel equalization algorithm is proposed for multiuser chaotic communications systems where each user's information is encoded using symbolic dynamics. The goal is to recover the chaotic signal being sent by each individual user so that its information can be estimated. This paper begins with the symbolic dynamics representation of chaotic systems being exploited to enable the representation of the multiuser chaotic system with an equivalent trellis diagram. Then, the trellis diagram is expanded to accommodate FIR channel distortions. Finally, the Viterbi algorithm is used to obtain maximum-likelihood estimates of the transmitted sequences. The performance of this algorithm in terms of bit-error rate (BER) is simulated for different channel distortions.
Address-Event-Representation (AER) is a communications protocol for transferring images between chips, originally developed for bio-inspired imageprocessing systems. Such systems may consist of a complicated hierarch...
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Address-Event-Representation (AER) is a communications protocol for transferring images between chips, originally developed for bio-inspired imageprocessing systems. Such systems may consist of a complicated hierarchical structure with many chips that transmit images among them in real time, while performing some processing (for example, convolutions). In developing AER based systems it is very convenient to have available some kind of means of generating AER streams from on-computer stored images. In this paper we present a method for generating AER streams in real time from images stored in a computer's memory. The method exploits the concept of linear feedback shift register random number generators. This method has been tested by software and compared to other possible algorithms for generating AER streams. It has been found that the proposed method yields a minimum error with respect to the ideal situation. A hardware platform that exploits this technique is currently under development.
One of the key functionalities in today's multimedia applications is streaming. However unlike video, streaming 3D content remains rare, especially for textures. In this paper, we present an intelligent, view-depe...
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ISBN:
(纸本)0780374029
One of the key functionalities in today's multimedia applications is streaming. However unlike video, streaming 3D content remains rare, especially for textures. In this paper, we present an intelligent, view-dependent approach for streaming and decoding MPEG-4 textures in order to save network and platform resources, while minimizing the perceived quality loss. Different regions of the 3D object's texture are independently decoded up to a desired quality. Whenever viewing conditions change, newly visible texture regions are transmitted and/or already transmitted regions are refined. This 3D view-dependent decoding of MPEG-4 textures is possible by exploiting the error resilience feature in the MPEG-4 texture-coding tool, It allows a high flexibility (i.e. number of possible quality levels) but at the cost of an increased bitstream size. However, since streaming is possible, the transmission of the bitstream is spread over time, reducing the instantaneous bandwidth and processing cost.
A rate-distortion-optimized coder control for block-based hybrid video coders using Lagrangian techniques is presented. It was successfully applied to the ISO/IEC standard MPEG-4 visual and the current ITU-T project H...
A rate-distortion-optimized coder control for block-based hybrid video coders using Lagrangian techniques is presented. It was successfully applied to the ISO/IEC standard MPEG-4 visual and the current ITU-T project H.26L. In both cases, the improved encoding strategy provides visible performance gains compared to the previous encoding strategies of MPEG-4 visual and H.26L, respectively. Furthermore, this unified coder control allows a fair comparison between the MPEG-4 visual and the H.26L syntax in terms of coding efficiency. Objective (PSNR) and subjective results of this comparison are presented.
Multi-resolution enhancement provides a powerful tool for enhancing photographic images. These images are acquired with a large dynamic range and a good signal-to-noise ratio. A problem arises in reproducing such imag...
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Multi-resolution enhancement provides a powerful tool for enhancing photographic images. These images are acquired with a large dynamic range and a good signal-to-noise ratio. A problem arises in reproducing such images on a medium (CRT, paper...). There are the restrictions of the recording apparatus (number of reproducible intensity levels, color gamut, and color resolution...) as well as environmental factors (flare, light level...). Apart from these technical restrictions, there are also fundamental limitations to the capabilities of the human visual system. We present a multi-resolution method that adjusts the image such that it uses the available dynamic range in a more efficient way and faint image details are visualized better, even in dark and light portions of the image. The enhancement is done in a way that preserves the natural look of the image. The algorithm is robust enough to process photographic images in batch, without tweaking the processing parameters per image. The main message of this paper is that multi-resolution image enhancement, originally developed for radiological imaging, can be applied successfully on photographic color images.
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