A quantum computer directly manipulates information stored in the state of quantum mechanical systems. The available operations have many attractive features but also underly severe restrictions, which complicate the ...
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ISBN:
(纸本)0819444073
A quantum computer directly manipulates information stored in the state of quantum mechanical systems. The available operations have many attractive features but also underly severe restrictions, which complicate the design of quantum algorithms. We present a divide-and-conquer approach to the design of various quantum algorithms. The class of algorithm includes many transforms which are well-known in classical signal processing applications. We show how fast quantum algorithms can be derived for the discrete Fourier transform, the Walsh-Hadamard transform, the Slant transform, and the Hartley transform. All these algorithms use at most O(log(2) N) operations to transform a state vector of a quantum computer of length N.
A specialized CAD tool is described that will take a user's high level code description of a non-uniform affinely indexed algorithm and automatically generate abstract latency-optimal systolic arrays. Emphasis has...
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ISBN:
(纸本)0819446467
A specialized CAD tool is described that will take a user's high level code description of a non-uniform affinely indexed algorithm and automatically generate abstract latency-optimal systolic arrays. Emphasis has been placed on ease of use and the ability to either force conformation to specific design criteria or perform unconstrained explorations. How such design goals are achieved is illustrated in the context of LU decomposition and the matrix Lyapunov equation. The tool is then used to generate new I-D and 2-D hardware efficient systolic arrays for the discreet Fourier transform that take advantage of the use of the radix-4 matrix decomposition.
Random errors propagation from tristimulus values to CIELUV and CIELAB color parameters has been studied considering two factors usually neglected in the literature: the correlation among tristimulus values measuremen...
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ISBN:
(纸本)0892082399
Random errors propagation from tristimulus values to CIELUV and CIELAB color parameters has been studied considering two factors usually neglected in the literature: the correlation among tristimulus values measurements, and the associated error to the measurement of the reference white. Our study is based on experimental measurements performed by a modern spectroradiometer (SpectraScan PR-704 Photo Research), using 28 Munsell samples illuminated by 3 different luminous sources (1365, F and TL84) provided by a VeriVide color assessment cabinet. Sets of 10 measurements were made by 3 different procedures (short temporal period, large temporal period, and spatial variation), for each one of the color samples and luminous sources mentioned above. Correlation among tristimulus values reduces the error propagated to CIELUV and CIELAB color parameters in a factor up to 2.6, this effect being minimum for L* and b*. The errors in the tristimulus values of the reference white increase the error propagated to CIELUV and CIELAB color parameters in a factor up to 1.8. Anyway, under our experimental conditions, the instrumental errors of the a* and b* coordinates are lower than the visual sub-thresholds predicted by the CIE94 model in a factor about 20.
We describe an algorithm and software for creating variable resolution displays in real time, contingent upon the direction of gaze. The algorithm takes as input a video sequence and an arbitrary, real-valued, two-dim...
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ISBN:
(纸本)0819444022
We describe an algorithm and software for creating variable resolution displays in real time, contingent upon the direction of gaze. The algorithm takes as input a video sequence and an arbitrary, real-valued, two-dimensional map that specifies a desired amount of filtering (blur) at each pixel location relative to direction of gaze. For each input video image the follow operations are performed: (1) the image is coded as a multi-resolution pyramid, (2) the gaze direction is measured, (3) the resolution map is shifted to the gaze direction, (4) the desired filtering at each pixel location is achieved by interpolating between levels of the pyramid using the resolution map, and (5) the interpolated image is displayed. The transfer function associated with each level of the pyramid is calibrated beforehand so that the interpolation produces exactly the desired amount of filtering at each pixel. This algorithm produces precision, artifact-free displays in 8-bit grayscale or 24-bit color. The software can process live or prerecorded video at over 60 frames per second on ordinary personal computers without special hardware. Direction of gaze for each processed video frame may be taken from an eye-tracker, from a sequence of directions saved on disk, or from another pointing device (such as a mouse). The software is demonstrated by simulating the visual fields of normals and of patients with low vision. We are currently using the software to precisely control retinal stimulation during complex tasks such as extended visual search.
A method for decreasing the output bit-rate of video transmission over limited bandwidth in communication networks is proposed in this paper. To increase the efficiency of video transmission, the method based on a con...
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ISBN:
(纸本)0780376579
A method for decreasing the output bit-rate of video transmission over limited bandwidth in communication networks is proposed in this paper. To increase the efficiency of video transmission, the method based on a concept of zone coding of discrete cosine transform (DCT) coefficients is used in video coding scheme to achieve a lower output bit-rate of encoded video. The experiments are carried out by implementing the proposed method with a low bit-rate video coding standard i.e. H.263. The performance of the coding scheme is measured in term of peak signal to noise ratio (PSNR), output bit-rate and quality of the decoded video sequence. The experimental results show significant improvements in term of output bit-rate. Although the quality of resultant image frames is slightly degraded, it is difficult to notice by the human visual system (HVS), and hence considered being in an acceptable level.
Frame skipping in low bit video coding could significantly reduce the visual quality of the reconstructed video. This paper analyzes the main causes of frame skipping in current MPEG-4 frame rate control scheme, and p...
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Frame skipping in low bit video coding could significantly reduce the visual quality of the reconstructed video. This paper analyzes the main causes of frame skipping in current MPEG-4 frame rate control scheme, and presents a number of ways to reduce the occurrence of frame skipping. The main features of the new algorithm include an adaptive thresholding technique, an adaptive P-frame target bits allocation, and an adaptive I-frame target bits allocation. Experimental results show that the new rate control scheme has significantly reduced the risks of frame skipping without sacrificing the overall PSNR of the reconstructed video.
It is still challenging to generate hand-drawn pictures because they differ from ordinary photographs in that they are often drawn as seen from multiple viewpoints. This paper presents a new approach for modeling such...
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It is still challenging to generate hand-drawn pictures because they differ from ordinary photographs in that they are often drawn as seen from multiple viewpoints. This paper presents a new approach for modeling such surperspective projection based on shape deformation techniques. Specifically, surperspective landscape images for guide-maps are generated from 3D geographical elevation data. Our method first partitions a target geographical surface into feature areas to provide designers with landmarks suitable for editing. The system takes as input 2D visual effects, which are converted to 3D geometric constraints for geographical surface deformation. Using ordinary perspective projection, the deformed shape is then transformed into a target guide-map image where each landmark enjoys its own vista points. An algorithm for calculating such 2D visual effects semi-automatically from the geographical shape features is also considered.
The presented work aims to automatically register high-resolution polarimetric SAR images with each other and other types of images. A digital topographic map is used as an aid for the registration. SAR images are ver...
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ISBN:
(纸本)0819442666
The presented work aims to automatically register high-resolution polarimetric SAR images with each other and other types of images. A digital topographic map is used as an aid for the registration. SAR images are very different from visual or infrared images. The idea is to identify, for each type of image, objects present on the map and easily detectable in the image. Detecting these objects in the image and matching them between map and image provides a first registration. Several object detectors were developed for the subsequent stages of the registration. Each of these detectors is briefly described. The actual registration uses a hierarchical method. First the SAR image is converted into ground range. Then a rough registration between image and map is obtained based on the position of forests and/or built-up areas. A voting method is used to find the parameters of a simple transformation model and to match the objects between map and image. The third step finds the parameters of an affine transformation based on the objects matched by the voting method. To improve the registration, objects with low 3D structure, e.g. roads and rivers, are used. The method for detecting these in SAR images yields an incomplete results leading to ambiguities for the optimal local displacement. Optimisation methods are used to overcome this problem and yield the parameters of a global transformation model. The accuracy of the registration is now within the accuracy of the map. Once the different images are registered with the map, the results of edge detectors are used to refine the registration between them.
Modem conflicts are highly dependant on the information flow and the ability not only to get the raw information, but also to process it and to deliver intelligence. This is specially obvious in the domain of image in...
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ISBN:
(纸本)0819445924
Modem conflicts are highly dependant on the information flow and the ability not only to get the raw information, but also to process it and to deliver intelligence. This is specially obvious in the domain of image intelligence, and "signal" intelligence. The sensors are there, on different kind of platform, with different technologies, and each platform and each sensor has its own physical and operational characteristics. According to the high number of available sensors and platforms, and then to the number of possible configurations, there is an increasing requirement for the processing of all these data to deliver the wise intelligence report as soon as possible. Technology evolution and budget restrictions make the gap between civilian and military sensor systems smaller. Then the data processing has to take in account this aspect. Until now the development was focused in sensor development and procurement, and the actual situation is that the weak part of all the chain is the ground sensor exploitation system. Due to the increasing number of sensors systems, and to their complementarity, the workload for sensor processing has dramatically increased. The ground system then requires processing and management tools for intelligence data production. Moreover modem conflicts induces various modes of deployment, due to the type of conflict, the type of mission, and phase of conflict. Operations are conducted in a multi-national coalition, with coordination of sensors and weapon systems. Data sharing, at different level becomes an essential asset of these conflicts. This leads then to strong requirement in interoperability, and then with data modelisation and communication, and to security. It is then impossible to define fixed architecture systems for surveillance ground segments. Thales communications has developed a structure for a ground segment based on the operational functions required, and on the definition of modules and networks. This structure is called MG
In digital imageprocessingimage edge detection, enhancement and extraction have very important role. There are many methods and systems, already accepted very widely, which show the above operations with their own a...
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ISBN:
(纸本)0819446963
In digital imageprocessingimage edge detection, enhancement and extraction have very important role. There are many methods and systems, already accepted very widely, which show the above operations with their own advantages and limitations. Here in this paper we propose a completely new scheme of getting the edge of any digital image by proper use of optical non-linear material. Some intensity modulated switching behaviors of optical non-linear materials are also coped up in this method. Here we can obtain the required image edges as necessary. images with variation of transparencies are used here suitably.
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