We are developing a method to objectively quantify image quality and applying it to the optimization of interventional magnetic resonance imaging (iMRI). In iMRI, images are used for live-time guidance of intervention...
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ISBN:
(纸本)0819445584
We are developing a method to objectively quantify image quality and applying it to the optimization of interventional magnetic resonance imaging (iMRI). In iMRI, images are used for live-time guidance of interventional procedures such as the minimally invasive treatment of cancer. Hence, not only does one desire high quality images, but they must also be acquired quickly. In iMRI, images are acquired in the Fourier domain, or k-space, and this allows many creative ways to image quickly such as keyhole imaging where k-space is preferentially subsampled, yielding suboptimal images at very high frame rates. Other techniques include spiral, radial, and the combined acquisition technique. We have built a perceptual difference model (PDM) that incorporates various components of the human visual system. The PDM was validated using subjective image quality ratings by naive observers and task-based measures defined by interventional radiologists. Using the PDM, we investigated the effects of various imaging parameters on image quality and quantified the degradation due to novel imaging techniques. Results have provided significant information about imaging time versus quality tradeoffs aiding the MR sequence engineer. The PDM has also been used to evaluate other applications such as Dixon fat suppressed MRI and, image restoration. In image restoration, the PDM has been used to evaluate the Generalized Minimal Residual (GMRES) image restoration method and to examine the ability to appropriately determine a stopping condition for such iterative methods. The PDM has been shown to be an objective tool for measuring image quality and can be used to determine the optimal methodology for various imaging applications.
This paper proposes a novel low-complexity block-based global motion estimation algorithm for real-time digital video processing applications. The algorithm involves an 8×8 block-based local motion estimation fol...
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This paper proposes a novel low-complexity block-based global motion estimation algorithm for real-time digital video processing applications. The algorithm involves an 8×8 block-based local motion estimation followed by a least square method to obtain the global motion vector parameters. The translation-zoom global motion model with 3 parameters was adopted and least square method computation is done after removing outliers. Blocks are considered outliers if: (i) the block is over-cluttered or (ii) the reference block has too little activity for an accurate motion vector to be estimated. The algorithm is used to estimate the global motion of 3 QCIF test streams at 10 fps, and the parameters are used in 5 typical applications Respective simulations have produced favorable results emphasizing the usefulness of the proposed algorithm.
The proceedings contain 100 papers. The topics discussed include: consequence of the coupled variables in homotopic simulation of nonlinear resistive circuits;identifying positive feedback structures for assessing the...
ISBN:
(纸本)0780373804
The proceedings contain 100 papers. The topics discussed include: consequence of the coupled variables in homotopic simulation of nonlinear resistive circuits;identifying positive feedback structures for assessing the uniqueness of the dc solution by using topological conditions;reuse issues on the verification of embedded MCU cores;reducing non-idealities on switched-current sigma-delta modulators;design of an LVCMOS high resolution frequency synthesizer;transforming OTA-C filters from voltage- to current-mode;computing symbolic transfer functions of analog circuits by applying pure nodal analysis;differential transimpedance amplifiers for communications systems based on common-gate topology;a low voltage CMOS implementation of a linear cellular neural network for imageprocessing applications;a folded-cascode switched OTA based on current deviation;and fully integrated programmable howland current source for sensors excitation.
An embedded still image coding algorithm with rate-distortion optimization based on human visual weighting is proposed. The rate-distortion optimized embedding code coefficient with decreasing R-D slope, so the first ...
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An embedded still image coding algorithm with rate-distortion optimization based on human visual weighting is proposed. The rate-distortion optimized embedding code coefficient with decreasing R-D slope, so the first coding bits are ones that have the steepest R-D slope, is used. The distortion can be reduced to the maximum extent per coding bit. The calculation of R-D slope is just a lookup table operation with the help of the probability estimation table of the MQ-adaptive arithmetic coder. The coding speed of the R-D threshold is much faster than the search for the maximum R-D slope. The human visual weighting factor change the order of coding rather than the value of coding. The algorithm has a much faster coding speed and better compression performance.
In the present work, we propose a system for error-resilient coding of synthetic aperture radar imagery, whereby regions of interest and background information are coded independently of each other. A multiresolution,...
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ISBN:
(纸本)0819444863
In the present work, we propose a system for error-resilient coding of synthetic aperture radar imagery, whereby regions of interest and background information are coded independently of each other. A multiresolution, constant-false-alarm-rate (CFAR) detection scheme is utilized to discriminate between target regions and natural clutter. Based upon the detected target regions, we apply less compression to targets, and more compression to background data. This methodology preserves relevant features of targets for further analysis, and preserves the background only to the extent of providing contextual information. The proposed system is designed specifically for transmission of the compressed bit stream over noisy wireless channels. The coder uses a robust channel-optimized trellis-coded quantization (COTCQ) stage that is designed to optimize the image coding based upon the channel characteristics. A phase scrambling stage is also incorporated to further increase the coding performance, and to improve the robustness to nonstationary signals and channels. The resulting system dramatically reduces the bandwidth/storage requirements of the digital SAR imagery, while preserving the target-specific utility of the imagery, and enabling its transmission over noisy wireless channels without the use of error correction/concealment techniques.
The present article focuses on the development of interactive exploratory tools for visually mining the image content in large remote sensing archives. Two aspects are treated: the iconic visualization of the global i...
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ISBN:
(纸本)0819442666
The present article focuses on the development of interactive exploratory tools for visually mining the image content in large remote sensing archives. Two aspects are treated: the iconic visualization of the global information in the archive and the progressive visualization of the image details. The proposed methods are integrated in the image Information Mining ((IM)-M-2) system. The images and image structure in the (IM)-M-2 system are indexed based on a probabilistic approach. The resulting links are managed by a relational data base. Both the intrinsic complexity of the observed images and the diversity of user requests result in a great number of associations in the data base. Thus new tools have been designed to visualize, in iconic representation the relationships created during a query or information mining operation: the visualization of the query results positioned on the geographical map, quick-looks gallery, visualization of the measure of goodness of the query, visualization of the image space for statistical evaluation purposes. Additionally the I2M system is enhanced with progressive detail visualization in order to allow better access for operator inspection. (IM)-M-2 is a three-tier Java architecture and is optimized for the Internet.
Within an uniform acoustic tube, regions having specific acoustic properties were defined [1, 2] and were at the origin of the Distinctive Region Model (DRM). Such a model has its own intrinsic phonology to produce di...
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Within an uniform acoustic tube, regions having specific acoustic properties were defined [1, 2] and were at the origin of the Distinctive Region Model (DRM). Such a model has its own intrinsic phonology to produce distinctive sounds. In fact, the regions correspond to the main consonant places of articulation. Such results encourage to study the main predictions of the model: Theoretically, F2 can be used to separate /b/ from /d, g/, on the one hand, and F3 can be used to separate /d/ from /g/, on the other hand. This hypothesis was studied with perception tests. The role of the neutral pattern "schwa" (//), which corresponds to the uniform tube, as reference in the process of consonant perception is discussed.
It is well known that the advantages of Wavelet transform are to provide characteristic of multiple resolution and global decomposition that are the significant features for the audio/video compression applications. I...
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It is well known that the advantages of Wavelet transform are to provide characteristic of multiple resolution and global decomposition that are the significant features for the audio/video compression applications. In this paper, an effective wavelet-based audio/video compression algorithm is presented to provide highly efficient signal compression mechanism with acceptable human visual/hearing perception. Experimental simulations show that the proposed audio/video model can meet the current industrial communication requirements in terms of the processing time and the compression performance. Development of wavelet-based audio/video compression model also includes the consideration of hardware implementation. With this high-performance audio and video codec, it can be employed to develop compact, low power, high-speed, portable, cost-effective, and low-weight video/audio compression multimedia application.
The international standard "sRGB" has been established as the default RGB color space for multimedia. in which "reference image display system characteristics" are specified. That is, a display dev...
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ISBN:
(纸本)0819443972
The international standard "sRGB" has been established as the default RGB color space for multimedia. in which "reference image display system characteristics" are specified. That is, a display device is required to have characteristics close to these characteristics in order to properly display color image data that is in conformity with sRGB. For this reason, the sRGB specification for front projectors has been defined. Our newly developed projectors achieve less than one tenth of the color difference for the sRGB specification. Today as more and more people use the Internet as a source of information and computer-aided visual presentations have become a key tool, accurate and reliable color reproduction is essential for everyone. With sRGB compliant projectors we can reproduce identical colors, ensuring that images shown on other sRGB compliant devices such as CRT display monitors remain the same.
We present ongoing work for the computer-assisted indexing of biomedical images at the Lister Hill National Center for Biomedical communications, a research and development division of the National Library of Medicine...
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ISBN:
(纸本)0819444294
We present ongoing work for the computer-assisted indexing of biomedical images at the Lister Hill National Center for Biomedical communications, a research and development division of the National Library of Medicine (NLM). For any class of biomedical images, a problem confronting the researcher in image indexing is developing robust algorithms for localizing and identifying anatomy relevant for that image class and relevant to the indexing goals. This problem is particularly acute in the case of digitized spine x-rays, due to the projective nature of the data, which results in overlapping boundaries with possibly ambiguous interpretations;the highly irregular shapes of the vertebral bodies, sometimes additionally distorted by pathology;and possible occlusions of the vertebral anatomy due to subject positioning. We present algorithms that we have developed for the localization and identification of vertebral structure and show how these algorithms fit into the family of algorithms that we continue to develop for our general indexing problem. We also review the indexing goals for this particular collection of digitized spine x-rays and discuss the use of the indexed images in a content-based image retrieval system.
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