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Shape adaptive discrete wavelet transform for coding arbitrarily shaped texture

Shape adaptive discrete wavelet transform for coding arbitra...

引用

1997 conference on visual communications and image processing

作者： Li, SP Li, WP Lehigh Univ. (United States)

ISBN: (纸本)0819424358

This paper presents a shape adaptive discrete wavelet transform (SA-DWT) scheme for coding arbitrarily shaped texture. The proposed SA-DWT can be used for object-oriented image coding. The number of coefficients after SA-DWT is identical to the number of pels contained in the arbitrarily shaped image objects. The locality property of wavelet transform and self-similarity among subbands are well preserved throughout this process. For a rectangular region, the SA-DWT is identical to a standard wavelet transform. With SA-DWT1 conventional wavelet based coding schemes can be readily extended to the coding of arbitrarily shaped objects. The proposed shape adaptive wavelet transform is not unitary but the small energy increase is restricted at the boundary of objects in subbands. Two approaches of using the SA-DWT algorithm for object-oriented image and video coding are presented. One is to combine scalar SA-DWT with Embedded Zerotree Wavelet (EZW) coding technique (called SA-EZW), the other is an extension of the normal vector wavelet coding (VWC) technique (called SA-VWC) to arbitrarily shaped objects. Results of applying SA-VWC to real arbitrarily shaped texture coding are also given at the end of this paper.

关键词： object-oriented image coding arbitrarily shaped object coding shape-adaptive wavelet transform embedded zerotree wavelet coding vector wavelet coding shape-adaptive vector wavelet coding shape-adaptive DCT

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Low frequency coefficient prediction for image coding

Low frequency coefficient prediction for image coding

引用

Proceedings of the 1997 1st International conference on Information, communications and Signal processing, ICICS. Part 3 (of 3)

作者： Cham, W.K. Yeung, M.C.Au Chinese Univ of Hong Kong Shatin Hong Kong

It has been shown that about 80% of the DC coefficients of a transformed image can be discarded at the encoder and then restored at the decoder using a DC coefficient restoration (DCCR) algorithm. This approach can improve the compression rate of JPEG by over 10% at low bit rates. In this paper, we extend the DCCR algorithm not only to restore DC coefficients but also to predict some of the (0, 1)th and (1, 0)th AC coefficients. The prediction thus allows these AC coefficients to be represented using less bits. Experimental results show that, almost in all cases, images coded using the proposed algorithm have higher PSNR and better visual quality than those coded using only the DCCR.

关键词： Signal filtering and prediction

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Vector-based postprocessing of MPEG-2 signals for digital TV-receivers

Vector-based postprocessing of MPEG-2 signals for digital TV...

引用

1997 conference on visual communications and image processing

作者： Blume, H Amer, A Schroder, H UNIV DORTMUND INST COMMUN TECHWORKING GRP CIRCUITS INFORMAT PROCD-44221 DORTMUNDGERMANY

ISBN: (纸本)0819424358

Digital transmission of video signals and block-based coding/decoding schemes produce new artifacts such as Blocking, Dirty Window, Ringing and Mosquite Effects. These artifacts become worse with decreasing MPEG-2 data rates. Therefore the reduction of MPEG-artifacts becomes an attractive feature for digital TV-receivers. On the other hand an important feature for digital receivers is the performance of their postprocessing techniques such as object recognition, motion estimation, vector-based upconversion and noise reduction on MPEG-signals which are decoded in a receiver-based module called 'Set Top Box'. In this paper different models dealing with the interaction between 'Set Top Box' and digital receiver are discussed. Hereby the influence of MPEG-artifacts on postprocessing methods is studied and methods for combining MPEG-2 decoding, artifact removal and postprocessing are presented. A vector-based upconversion algorithm which applies nonlinear center weighted median filters (CWM) is presented. Assuming a 2-channel model of the human visual system (HVS) with different spatio temporal characteristics, errors of the separated channels can be orthogonalized and avoided by an adequate splitting of the spectrum. Hereby a very robust vector error tolerant upconversion method which significantly improves the interpolation quality is achieved. This paper describes also a concept for temporal recursive noise and MPEG-artifact filtering on TV images based on visual noise perception characteristics. Different procedures in the spatial subbands lead to results well matched to the requirements of the human visual system. Using a subband-based noise filter temporally non correlated MPEG-artifacts can significantly be reduced. image analysis using object recognition for video postprocessing becomes more important. Therefore a morphological, contour-based multilevel object recognition method which even stays robust in strongly corrupted MPEG-2 images is also introduced.

关键词： MPEG-2 MPEG-2 artifacts motion estimation noise reduction object recognition postprocessing artifact reduction upconversion spatial subband processing morphological erosion

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Dependent quantization for stereo image coding

Dependent quantization for stereo image coding

引用

visual communications and image processing 1998 conference

作者： Woo, W Ortega, A Univ So Calif Dept Elect Syst Engn Integrated Media Syst Ctr Los Angeles CA 90089 USA

ISBN: (纸本)0819427497

In this paper, we address the problem of optimal bit allocation for stereo images. Conventional rate-distortion (RD) based methods have mainly concentrated on minimizing total distortion within a given bit budget by independently encoding each image. However, stereo image coding, like video coding, requires a dependent bit allocation framework to further improve encoding performance because binocular and spatial dependencies are introduced by the disparity estimation and differential pulse coded modulation (DPCM) of the disparity vector field. We first formulate the dependent bit allocation problem for stereo image coding and extend it to blockwise dependent bit allocation. We then focus on tile blockwise dependent quantization because using open-loop disparity estimation decouples the dependent bit allocation problem into two independent problems;disparity estimation and dependent quantization. The encoding complexity and delay in the dependent quantization framework can be significantly reduced Ly exploiting the unidirectional binocular dependency. An optimal set of quantizers can be selected using the Viterbi algorithm. For a given three quantization scales, the proposed scheme provides higher PSNR, about 3dB compared to JPEG without disparity compensation and 0.5dB compared to optimal independent blockwise quantization with disparity compensation. The proposed scheme can help develop a fast and efficient Lit allocation strategy, be a benchmark of practical rate control schemes or be used in asymmetric applications, which may involve offline encoding, such as CD-ROM, DVD, video-on-demand, etc.

关键词： stereo image coding dependent bit allocation blockwise quantization Viterbi algorithm

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Optimal piecewise linear image coding

Optimal piecewise linear image coding

引用

visual communications and image processing 1998 conference

作者： Saupe, D Univ Freiburg Inst Informat D-79110 Freiburg Germany

ISBN: (纸本)0819427497

Piecewise linear (PL) image coding proceeds in three steps: 1. A digital image is converted into a 1D-signal using a scanning procedure, for example by scanning lines in a zig-zag or Hilbert order. 2. The signal is approximated by the graph of a piecewise linear function, which consists of a finite number of connected line segments. 3. Entropy encoding of the sequence of the segment end points. In this step differential coding can be used for one or both coordinate sequences of the end points. To ensure a desired approximation quality a constraint is imposed, e.g., on the root-mean-square error of the PL signal. In this paper we consider uniform approximation (L-infinity-distortion limited compression). Two problems are addressed: First, an optimal PL approximation in the sense of a minimal number of segments is to be obtained. Second, when entropy coding of the segments is used, how can one jointly optimize the variable length code and the PL approximation yielding a better or even minimal rate without violating the uniform error bound? The first problem is solved by dynamic programming, the second is approached by using Huffman coding and an annealing procedure in which the design of the Huffman tables and the dynamic programming is alternatingly iterated using a cost function that reflects the codeword lengths of the current variable length code. This algorithm is guaranteed to converge to a (locally) minimum length code. We describe the algorithms, implementation issues, compare two different scanning procedures, the zig-zag line scan and the Hilbert scan, and report results for encoding various test images.

关键词： nearlossless image coding sequence coding piecewise linear coding fan-based coding dynamic programming distortion limited compression annealing Hilbert scan

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Architecture design of motion estimation for ITU-T H.263

Architecture design of motion estimation for ITU-T H.263

引用

1997 conference on visual communications and image processing

作者： Ku, CW Lin, GS Chen, LG Lee, YP National Taiwan Univ. (Taiwan)

ISBN: (纸本)0819424358

Digitalized video and audio system has become the trend of the progress in multimedia, because it provides great performance in quality and feasibility of processing. However, as the huge amount of information is needed while the bandwidth is limitted, data compression plays an important role in the system. Say, for a 176 x 144 monochromic sequence with 10 frames/sec frame rate, the bandwidth is about 2Mbps. This wastes much channel resource and limits the applications. MPEG (moving picttre ezpert groip) standardizes the video codec scheme, and it performs high compression ratio while providing good quality. MPEG-i is used for the frame size about 352 x 240 and 30 frames per second, and MPEG-2 provides scalibility and can be applied on scenes with higher definition, say HDTV (high definition television). On the other hand, some applications concerns the very low bit-rate, such as videophone and video-conferencing. Because the channel bandwidth is much limitted in telephone network, a very high compression ratio must be required. ITU-T announced the H.263 video coding standards to meet the above requirements.8 According to the simulation results of TMN-5,22 it outperforms 11.263 with little overhead of complexity. Since wireless communication is the trend in the near future, low power design of the video codec is an important issue for portable visual telephone. Motion estimation is the most computation consuming parts in the whole video codec. About 60% of the computation is spent on this parts for the encoder. Several architectures were proposed for efficient processing of block matching algorithms. In this paper, in order to meet the requirements of 11.263 and the expectation of low power consumption, a modified sandwich architecture in21 is proposed. Based on the parallel processing philosophy, low power is expected and the generation of either one motion vector or four motion vectors with half-pixel accuracy is achieved concurrently. In additi

关键词： Motion estimation Video Video compression Computer programming Parallel processing Video coding visualization Data compression Multimedia Video processing

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Novel video coding scheme with frequency-domain-based conditional frame replenishment algorithm

Novel video coding scheme with frequency-domain-based condit...

引用

Proceedings of the 1997 1st International conference on Information, communications and Signal processing, ICICS. Part 3 (of 3)

作者： Zheng, Weiguo Xiao, Zimei Zhongshan Univ Guangzhou China

The massive amounts of data caused by digital video require efficient compressing scheme, but current popular video coding schemes, such as H.26x, Motion JPEG and MPEG, have either high complexity or low efficiency. This paper proposed a real-time video coding scheme with a conditional frame replenishment algorithm based on frequency domain, which utilizes the characteristics of Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT) and perception of human vision. The DCT based interframe replenishment algorithm can encode and decode digital video fast and efficiently. Because of its low computing complexity, the video codec based on this algorithm can be implemented with lower cost, and it can be real-time realized by PC software too. It's suitable for low cost PC-based video phone, video conference system and other visual multimedia communication system.

关键词： image coding

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3D-3D registration of free formed objects using shape and texture

3D-3D registration of free formed objects using shape and te...

引用

1997 conference on visual communications and image processing

作者： Martins, FCM Shiojiri, H Moura, JMF Carnegie Mellon Univ. (United States) NEC Corp. (Japan)

ISBN: (纸本)0819424358

Automatic generation of textured object models from a sequence of range and color images requires two major tasks: measurement registration and measurement integration. Measurement registration is the estimation of the current position and orientation of the object in 3D space with respect to an arbitrary fixed reference, given the current measurement and the 3D object model under construction. Measurement integration is the updating of the 3D object model using the current registered measurement. In this paper we present an iterative 3D-3D registration technique that uses both texture(1) and shape information available in the 3D object models and the 3D measurements. The proposed technique handles probabilistic models that are potentially incomplete before the measurement integration step. Measurements are acquired via a sensor characterized by a probabilistic sensor model. The object models are constructed automatically without user interaction. Each model is a compact uniform tessellation of 3D space, where each cell of the tessellation represents shape and texture in a probabilistic fashion. Free formed objects are supported and no prior knowledge about the object shape, texture or pose is assumed. Traditional registration methods consider only shape and geometric information. We consider texture information as an additional evidence by defining a generalized intercell distance measure that considers both the relative positioning of cells in space and the texture discrepancy between cells. Experimental results demonstrate the efficiency and robustness of the proposed method. The usefulness of texture in registration is highlighted in a comparison with results obtained considering only geometric information.

关键词： 3D-3D registration 3D pose estimation 3D object modeling textured geometric models range and image sequence processing

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Audio-visual processing for scene change detection 9th

引用

9th International conference on image Analysis and processing, ICIAP 1997

作者： Saraceno, Caterina Leonardi, Riccardo Signals and Communications Lab Dept. Of Electronics for Automation School of Engineering University of Brescia via Branze 38 I-25123 Italy

ISBN: (纸本)3540635084

The organization of video data-bases according to semantic content of data, is a key point in multimedia technologies. In fact, this would allow algorithms such as indexing and retrieval to work more efficiently. As an attempt to extract semantic information, efforts have been devoted in segmenting the video in shots1 and for each shot trying to extract informations such as representative video frame, etc. As a video sequence is constructed from a 2-D projection of a 3-D scene, processing video information only has shown its limitations especially in solving problems such as object identification or object tracking. Further not all information is contained in the video signal and more can be achieved by analyzing the audio signal as well. Information can be obtained from the audio signal either to confirm the results obtained by a video processing unit or to acquire information that cannot be extracted from video (such as presence of music). This paper presents a technique which combines video and audio information for classification and indexing purposes. © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 1997.

关键词： Classification (of information)

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Subjective coding of best basis wavelet coefficients for multiresolution analysis

Subjective coding of best basis wavelet coefficients for mul...

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International conference on Information, communications and Signal processing

作者： D. Gunawan Electrical Engineering Department University of Indonesia Depok Indonesia

This paper presents a wavelet based image compression algorithm using subjective thresholding and quantization of the wavelet coefficients. subjective compression techniques use the properties of the human visual system (HVS) to eliminate redundant information in an image. By combining the wavelet transform coefficients with psychovisual thresholding and quantization schemes, a coding result of 0.31 bits per pixels has been obtained with weighted PSNR of 39.07 dB.

关键词： Wavelet coefficients Multiresolution analysis Signal resolution image coding Wavelet packets Bit rate Wavelet analysis Binary trees Cost function Quantization

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