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REAL-TIME MOTION COMPENSATING TV-TO-HDTV CONVERTER

REAL-TIME MOTION COMPENSATING TV-TO-HDTV CONVERTER

引用

conference on visual communications and image processing 94

作者： HAHN, M WOLF, S TALMI, M KARL, M HEINRICH HERTZ INST NACHRICHTENTECH BERLIN GMBH D-10587 BERLINGERMANY

ISBN: (纸本)081941638X

This paper describes the realization of a TV interlaced to HDTV interlaced real time format converter for studio applications. The conversion is performed by motion compensated 3D- interpolation. The estimation of motion is based on hierarchical blockmatching. Reliability checking of motion vectors is applied to achieve high picture quality. Furthermore various picture classification algorithms are utilized to improve the reliability of motion vectors. This format converter has been developed using field programmable gate arrays, digital signal processors and specially designed VLSI-chips for reduction of hardware amount. These VLSI- chips have been realized as semicustom and fullcustom chips. Besides employment within the format converter they are suitable for various applications in video processing.

关键词： FORMAT CONVERSION REAL TIME MOTION COMPENSATION 3D-INTERPOLATION VLSI FOR HDTV VIDEO processing

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DIALOGIC MODIFICATION OF PICTURE BY INTERACTIVE PROCESS OF processing AND PAINTING

DIALOGIC MODIFICATION OF PICTURE BY INTERACTIVE PROCESS OF P...

引用

conference on visual communications and image processing 94

作者： KIMURA, N INO, H MURAO, Y ENOMOTO, H SHIBAURA INST TECHNOL FUKASA KUOMIYA 330JAPAN

ISBN: (纸本)081941638X

Dialogic modification using picture processing and painting in combination is proposed as an effective method. Picture painting is realized by a sequence of basic processes specifying points, lines, luminance and chrominance. Picture processing consists of processes extracting feature objects. The modification processes consist of both processes so to have interaction between them. In these modification processes, a client can select interactive scheme of switching between processing and painting. Dialogic modification is defined as a set of modification processes given by communication sequences between a client and a server. An example is illustrated. In the example, a client intends to change a highlight position to generate a new picture required by a change of view point. The modification methods are classified and used. In dialogic modification, the selecting a revised sequence is executed by communication between a client and a server. To realize the communication, the common platform is introduced as an interface in the color picture processing and painting system based on the extensible window-based elaboration language. As the results, it is shown that dialogic modification of picture by interactive process of processing and painting is the excellent method.

关键词： DIALOG MODIFICATION INTERACTION PICTURE processing PICTURE PAINTING COMMON PLATFORM

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image SEQUENCE CODING USING 3D SCENE MODELS

IMAGE SEQUENCE CODING USING 3D SCENE MODELS

引用

conference on visual communications and image processing 94

作者： GIROD, B UNIV ERLANGEN NURNBERG LEHRSTUHL NACHRICHTENTECHD-91058 ERLANGENGERMANY

ISBN: (纸本)081941638X

The implicit and explicit use of 3D models for image sequence coding is discussed. For implicit use, a 3D model can be incorporated into motion compensating prediction. A scheme that estimates the displacement vector field with a rigid body motion constraint by recovering epipolar lines from an unconstrained displacement estimate and then repeating block matching along the epipolar line is proposed. Experimental results show that an improved displacement vector field can be obtained with a rigid body motion constraint. As an example for explicit use, various results with a facial animation model for videotelephony are discussed. A 13 X 16 B-spline mask can be adapted automatically to individual faces and is used to generate facial expressions based on FACS. A depth-from-defocus range camera suitable for real-time facial motion tracking is described. Finally, the real-time facial animation system `Traugott' is presented that has been used to generate several hours of broadcast video. Experiments suggest that a videophone system based on facial animation might require a transmission bitrate of 1 kbit/s or below.

关键词： 3D modeling Motion models 3D image processing Cameras image compression Head Solid modeling Motion estimation Video Volume rendering

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ANALYSIS OF JOINT BIT-RATE CONTROL IN MULTI-PROGRAM image-CODING

ANALYSIS OF JOINT BIT-RATE CONTROL IN MULTI-PROGRAM IMAGE-CO...

引用

conference on visual communications and image processing 94

作者： KEESMAN, G ELIAS, D PHILIPS RES LABS EINDHOVEN 5656 AA EINDHOVENNETHERLANDS

ISBN: (纸本)081941638X

Variable bit-rate compression is known to be more efficient than constant bit-rate (CBR) compression. However, since most transmission media convey a constant bit-rate, most applications use CBR compression. In multi-program applications such as satellite and cable television a technique called joint bit-rate control can be used. With joint bit-rate control the bit rates of individual programs are allows to vary but the sum of all bit rates is kept constant. Since a joint control is involved, the encoders should be geographically close. Joint bit-rate control is considered to be different from a technique called statistical multiplexing which is proposed in combination with ATM networks. In this paper, the benefits of joint bit-rate control are studied. This study involves both a theoretical analysis and a verification with experiments. Both theory and practice indicate that joint bit-rate control gives a significant gain even for a small number of programs. For instance, extra programs can be transmitted over the same channel if joint bit-rate control is used.

关键词： image TELEVISION COMPRESSION MPEG STATISTICAL MULTIPLEXING BIT-RATE CONTROL

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APPLICATION OF DYNAMIC HUFFMAN CODING TO image SEQUENCE COMPRESSION

APPLICATION OF DYNAMIC HUFFMAN CODING TO IMAGE SEQUENCE COMP...

引用

conference on visual communications and image processing 94

作者： JEON, B PARK, J JEONG, J SAMSUNG ELECTR CO SIGNAL PROC LABSUWONSOUTH KOREA

ISBN: (纸本)081941638X

In many image sequence compression applications, Huffman coding is used to reduce statistical redundancy in quantized transform coefficients. The Huffman codeword table is often pre-defined to reduce coding delay and table transmission overhead. Local symbol statistics, however, may be much different from the global one manifested in the pre-defined table. In this paper, we propose a dynamic Huffman coding method which can adaptively modify the given codeword and symbol association according to the local statistics. Over a certain set of blocks, local symbol statistics is observed and used to re-associate the symbols to the codewords in such a way that shorter codewords are assigned to more frequency symbols. This modified code table is used to code the next set of blocks. A parameter is set up so that the relative degree of sensitivity of the local statistics to the global one can be controlled. By performing the same modification to the code table using the decoded symbols, it is possible to keep up with the code table changes in receiving side. The code table modification information need not be transmitted to the receiver. Therefore, there is no extra transmission overhead in employing this method.

关键词： image compression Computer programming Receivers image transmission Quantization Adaptive control Algorithm development Data compression image quality Process control

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SEGMENT-BASED VIDEO CODING USING AN AFFINE MOTION MODEL

SEGMENT-BASED VIDEO CODING USING AN AFFINE MOTION MODEL

引用

conference on visual communications and image processing 94

作者： JOZAWA, H NIPPON TELEGRAPH & TEL PUBL CORP HUMAN INTERFACE LABS YOKOSUKAKANAGAWA 23803 JAPAN

ISBN: (纸本)081941638X

This paper describes a segment-based motion compensation (MC) method where object motion is described using an affine motion model. In the proposed MC method, the shape of the objects is obtained using 5D K-mean clustering (employing three color components and two coordinates). Motion estimation and compensation employing the affine motion model are performed on each arbitrarily shaped object in the current frame. By using the affine motion model, rotation and scaling of objects can be compensated for in addition to translational motion. The residual between the current frame and the predicted one is DCT-coded and multiplexed with the motion and shape parameters. Simulation results show that the interframe prediction error is significantly reduced compared to the conventional block-based method. The SNR of the coded sequences obtained using the proposed method (modified MPEG1 with segment-based affine MC) is about 0.8 - 2 dB higher than that using the conventional one (original MPEG1 with block-based MC).

关键词： VIDEO CODING INTERFRAME PREDICTION MOTION ESTIMATION MOTION COMPENSATION AFFINE MOTION MODEL image SEGMENTATION K-MEAN CLUSTERING

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VECTOR FIELD visualIZATION BY PROJECTION PURSUIT - ANALYSIS OF PROJECTION INDEXES

VECTOR FIELD VISUALIZATION BY PROJECTION PURSUIT - ANALYSIS ...

引用

conference on visual communications and image processing 94

作者： HARIKUMAR, G BRESLER, Y UNIV ILLINOIS COORDINATED SCI LABDEPT ELECT & COMP ENGNURBANAIL 61801

ISBN: (纸本)081941638X

We address the problem of the display of vector valued images, also known as vector fields or multiparameter images, in which a vector of data, rather than a scalar, is associated with each pixel of a pixel grid. Each component of the vector field defines a gray-scale image on the pixel grid. Vector fields usually arise when more than one physical property (henceforth an attribute) is measured for the object being imaged. Mapping the measured values of any one attribute to gray-scale on a pixel grid defines an image. The collection of these images then defines a vector field, with a vector of attributes, corresponding to each pixel. The object usually consists of several disjoint regions, each made up of a region type, which we shall call a class. A set of attributes separates the classes (and therefore also the regions) if, for any two different classes, there exists an attribute in the set that has distinct values for the two. We refer to a pixel grid where the pixels are labeled as belonging to different regions as an Underlying image (UI) . Vector fields arise naturally in any application that involves the display of multiparameter data, or multisensor fusion, as surveyed in [1], the classical example being multispectral satellite images. Once we have a vector field of an object consisting of measurements of a set of attributes that separate all of the classes in the object, we have the potential to distinguish between all of its regions. Regardless of the ultimate goal of the specific imaging application, most applications share a common intermediate goal, which is the one we address: to present a specialist human observer with an image that will maximize his chances to classify correctly the image pixels into different regions, that is, segment the image. Unfortunately, the human observer is inefficient at assimilating and intergrating multidimensional data, and traditional methods like the parallel display of the component images are often misleading, as demo

关键词： image segmentation visualization image fusion Quality measurement Sodium visual analytics Feature extraction image quality Monte Carlo methods Niobium

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BOUNDARY-CONTROL POINT BASED MOTION REPRESENTATION SCHEME WITH ITS APPLICATION IN VIDEO CODING

BOUNDARY-CONTROL POINT BASED MOTION REPRESENTATION SCHEME WI...

引用

conference on visual communications and image processing 94

作者： LI, J LIN, XG WU, YS TSING HUA UNIV DEPT ELECTR ENGNDIV IMAGE PROCBEIJING 100084PEOPLES R CHINA

ISBN: (纸本)081941638X

In this paper, a boundary-control point (BCP) based motion representation scheme is proposed. According to the scheme, the dense motion field is described by the object boundary and the motion vectors located at predefined grids--the control points. Our scheme differs from the conventional block based motion representation scheme in the point that the motion field has more degree of freedom. It can represent complex motion, e.g., translation, rotation, zooming and deformation. And the motion field is generally continuous, with discontinuity only at the object boundary, so the distortion after motion compensation is mainly geometrical deformation, which is relatively insensitive to human eye compared with the block effect caused by the conventional block based scheme. A pixel threshold criterion is also proposed to evaluate the BCP based motion compensated prediction (MCP) image and to determine whether the MCP error needs to be transmitted. Finally, a BCP based video encoder is constructed. With nearly the same decoded signal-to-noise ratio about 20 - 55% bit rate saving can be achieved compared with MPEG-I, while the subjective quality of the BCP based scheme is better than that of MPEG-I. The new scheme is also quire unlike the model-based scheme for it needs no complex scenery analysis. Some promising experimental results are shown.

关键词： VIDEO CODING BOUNDARY-CONTROL POINT PIXEL THRESHOLD CRITERION GEOMETRICAL DISTORTION MAXIMUM A-POSTERIOR

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image SEQUENCE RECOGNITION

IMAGE SEQUENCE RECOGNITION

引用

conference on visual communications and image processing 94

作者： TASCINI, G ZINGARETTI, P UNIV ANCONA INST INFORMATI-60100 ANCONAITALY

ISBN: (纸本)081941638X

image sequence recognition is an interesting problem involved in various situations of the Computer Vision field and in particular in mobile robot vision. Typical for this purpose is the motion estimation from a series of frames. Many techniques of motion estimation are described in literature 10, 13, 22 The approaches are normally divided in two categories: pixel based methods and feature based methods. In both the motion is estimated in two steps: 1) 2D motion analysis (feature based) or estimation (pixel based), 2) 3D motion estimation. The pixel based, or flow based, method uses local changes in light intensity to compute optical flow at each image point and then derives 3D motion parameters . The feature based method, on which it falls our choice, firstly extracts the features (as corners, point of curvature, lines, etc.). They are used as features: sharp changes in curvature 15, global properties of moving objects 18, lines and curves 16, centroids 6 Secondly it establishes the correspondences of these features between two successive frames (correspondence problem), and finally it computes motion parameters and object structure from correspondences (structure from motion problem). The motion correspondence is the most difficult problem. Occlusion masks the features and noise creates difficulties. Given n frames taken at different time instants and m points in each frame, the motion correspondence maps a point in one frame to another point in the next frame such that no two points map on the same point. The combinatorial explosiveness of the problem has to be constrained; in Rangarajan and Sah 19 it is proposed the proximal uniformity constraint: given a location of a point in a frame, its location in the next frame lies in the proximity of its previous location. Even tough the problem has not yet been solved, many solutions are proposed for 3D motion estimation, assuming that the correspondences has been established 12, 13, 24 Regularization theory has also be

关键词： Motion estimation Data modeling Detection and tracking algorithms 3D modeling Chemical elements Sensors 3D image processing image segmentation Cameras image acquisition

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MODEL-BASED image-CODING

MODEL-BASED IMAGE-CODING

引用

conference on visual communications and image processing 94

作者： AIZAWA, K UNIV TOKYO DEPT ELECT ENGNBUNKYO KUTOKYO 113JAPAN

ISBN: (纸本)081941638X

Historically. progress in image coding tecliniqnes has been made by incorporating resnits from other fields SUCh as information theory. Most of the existing coding methods such as predictive coding. transform coding, and vector quantization belong to information-theory-based methods in which image signals are considered as ranidoni signals aiid compressed by exploiting their stochastic properties. Apart from these iiiformation-tlieoretic coding iniethods, research on new approaches such as modelbased coding (which is related to 1)0th image analysis and computer graphics) has recently intensified. An essential difference between conventional coding methods and these new approaches is the image model they assume. Contrary to conventional coding methods which efficiently represent 2-D waveforms of image signals model-based co ding represent iniage signals using structural image models which take into accomit the 3-D properties of the scene in some sense. There have been two major approaches to model-based image coding. One approach uses general niodels such as planar patches and sniooth surfaces to represent the 3-D properties of the oI)jects [11, 19, 28. 31, 33. 36, 39. 40, 43]. The other approach utilizes detailed 1)arameterized 3-D object models such as a parameterized facial model [2. 6, 13. 15. 17, 22. 24. 2G. 32, 35. 41. 47, 48. 49. 51. 54]. TIne former approach has been discussed in the context of advanced motion compensation. The latter approach is clearly different from the conventional approaches. since it uses an explicit 3—D model and encodes images with coniputer—vision— Oiieiite(il tecliniques an(I 1eJ)1()(luces iniages with colnj)uter—grapllics—oriented techniques . Both approaches will potentially achieves very low l)it rate video compression. Iii the following sectionis. unage co(ling schemes are described froni the point of view of their associated image IIli)delS. Amoiig our works related to these paradignins in the Univ. of Tokyo [2. 3, 4. 8, 9, 10,

关键词： 3D modeling Motion models image compression Model-based design 3D image processing Data modeling image analysis Motion estimation Solid modeling Systems modeling

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