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Adaptive lapped transform-based image and video coding

Adaptive lapped transform-based image and video coding

引用

1997 conference on visual communications and image processing

作者： Klausutis, TJ Madisetti, VK Georgia Institute of Technology (United States)

ISBN: (纸本)0819424358

We propose a design framework for perfectly reconstructed time-varying linear-phase paraunitary filter banks (LPPUFB) using a novel Adaptive Lapped Transform (ALT). The ALT is based on the Generalized Lapped Orthogonal Transform (GenLOT) proposed by Queiroz.(1) A time-varying filter bank is constructed through the factorization of the GenLOT into cascaded matrix stages. Variable length lapped transforms are subsequently generated by cascading a number of these matrix stages to build specific length filters. Several constraints on the design ensure perfect reconstruction and a fast implementation. An embedded ALT image codec is presented and the application of the ALT to the H.263 video coding standard is discussed. Preliminary results show that the ALT-based embeded image codec has a 1.61-2.35 and a 2.37-4.04 dB increase in peak signal-to-noise ratios (PSNR) compared to the JPEG(2) image coding standard for the Lenna and Barbara test images, respectively.

关键词： GenLOT transform coding image coding lapped transform time-varying filter bank

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Optimized linear phase filter banks for wavelet image coding

Optimized linear phase filter banks for wavelet image coding

引用

visual communications and image processing 1998 conference

作者： Yang, XG Ramchandran, K Univ Illinois Beckman Inst Urbana IL 61801 USA

ISBN: (纸本)0819427497

In this paper, we address the issue of designing a two-channel linear phase biorthogonal filter bank that maximizes the two most desired properties for Che wavelet transform in image coding applications, namely, orthogonality and energy compaction. Proper cost functions are formulated for these two criteria and an efficient signal-adaptive optimization algorithm is proposed. Our algorithm is motivated by a number of interesting properties of the correlation matrix of typical image signals, and uses Lifting operations to efficiently represent the degrees of freedom subject to perfect reconstruction conditions. In addition, it offers a successive tradeoff between our two optimization goals. Experimental results on re popular Daubechies 9-7 and 10-18 filter banks reveal that considerable improvements in terms of both orthogonality and energy compaction can be achieved through the proposed optimization technique.

关键词： subband filters coding gain perfect reconstruction linear phase biorthogonality

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Still-image compression using CVQ and wavelet transform

Still-image compression using CVQ and wavelet transform

引用

1997 conference on visual communications and image processing

作者： Lin, S Salari, E LG Electronics Inc. (United States) Univ. of Toledo (United States)

ISBN: (纸本)0819424358

Wavelet transform which provides a multiresolution representation of images has been widely used in image and video compression. An investigation of wavelet decomposition reveals the cross-correlation among subimages at different resolutions. To exploit this cross-correlation, a new scheme using classified vector quantization to encode wavelet coefficients is proposed in this paper. The original image is first decomposed into a hierarchy of three layers containing ten subimages by discrete wavelet transform. The lowest resolution (level 3) low frequency subimage is scalar quantized (with 8 bits/pixel) since it contains most of the energy of the wavelet coefficients. All high frequency subimages are vector quantized to utilize the cross-correlation among different resolutions. Vectors are constructed by combining the corresponding coefficients of the high frequency subimages of the same orientation at different resolutions. Classified vector quantization is used to reduce edge distortion and computational complexity. Computer simulations are carried out to evaluate the performance of the proposed method.

关键词： image compression wavelet transform classified vector quantization

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3D interpolation for the digital restoration of 35mm film

3D interpolation for the digital restoration of 35mm film

引用

visual communications and image processing 1998 conference

作者： Muller, H Plaschzug, W Glatz, K Joanneum Res Inst Informat Syst A-8010 Graz Austria

ISBN: (纸本)0819427497

The celebration of the Centenary of Cinema in 1995 was the occasion to initiate new developments for the preservation of the international cinematic heritage and the restoration of old damaged films. 'Classical' film restoration is based on special printing machines to improve the duality of (safekeeping-) copies. Only a small class of artifacts can be removed with such a process because the unit of manipulation is always a whole image sequence. With the help of digital image processing techniques the restoration process can be adapted for each frame or even pixel. This creates new potentialities for the restoration of films beyond repair, especially nitrate based films produced before 1954 and early color films. This paper presents a short overview about a system for the digital restoration of image sequences, currently under development in the EUREKA project LIMELIGHT. After an introduction to the technical objectives and key figures, the restoration process (acquisition, sequence management. image processing, restitution) is described for the case of 35mm film. Algorithms for the detection of artifacts, such as dust? image vibrations, scratches, (partially) distorted frames and brightness variations, based on a morphological detector, which uses spatial properties-and a dynamic detector, based on motion analysis, are presented. Furthermore an algorithm for 3D image interpolation used for the removal of scratches and subtitles is described. The main problem is the reconstruction of the missing image content for more than one frame in the same spatial location. Application examples for each defect class are given.

关键词： image processing Motion estimation Detection and tracking algorithms image resolution image storage 3D image processing Digital image processing Digital imaging Sensors Motion analysis

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Zerotree edge adaptive coder for low bit rate image transmission

Zerotree edge adaptive coder for low bit rate image transmis...

引用

1997 conference on visual communications and image processing

作者： Raffy, P Antonini, M Barlaud, M Univ. de Nice/Sophia Antipolis (France)

ISBN: (纸本)0819424358

The problem of quantizing sub-images of a multiresolution image decomposition while preserving edges is considered. For this purpose, we propose a coding algorithm which exploits both spatial and frequency location of wavelet coefficients within and across scales. This algorithm is dedicated to lour bit rate image coding. In this paper, we develop a new constrained quantizer based on a lagrangian formulation called Edge Adaptive Quantizer (EAQ). Given a significance map, this algorithm preserves significant coefficients while smoothing elsewhere. This is done by introducing a spatial adaptation term based on Markov Random Fields (MRF). A new criterion based on spatial models and entropy constraint is then derived. With this new formulation, a practical solution to the multiresolution optimization problem is presented in the form of a bit allocation procedure. An optimal quantizer is constructed minimizing this new criterion for a target bit rate. Experiments using constraint quantization demonstrate PSNR gains over standard uniform scalar quantization and appreciable visual improvements. A simple extension of the algorithm allows for the use of other scalar quantizers.

关键词： multiresolution coding constrained quantization Markov Random Fields bit allocation low bit rate coding

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Subband coding of image sequences using multiple vector quantizers

Subband coding of image sequences using multiple vector quan...

引用

1997 conference on visual communications and image processing

作者： Martins, E Silva, V deSa, L Univ. de Coimbra (Portugal)

ISBN: (纸本)0819424358

One efficient way to compress digital images is subband coding. Subband coding using vector quantization could be a competitor to DCT-like image compression schemes. In this paper we will describe an image sequence compression algorithm based on difference image coding techniques, with block motion compensation, difference image segmentation in rectangles using quadtrees, decomposition of rectangles in subbands and vector quantization of the subbands. The vector quantization scheme uses multiple vector quantizers, which yields a better bitrate allocation. The quantization of each subband is performed by 3 different tree structured vector quantizers (TSVQ) at variable tree depths. The Rate-Distortion (R-D) curves of ail the rectangles are scanned to get the best global R-D combination. The best combination parameters are coded and used to quantize the subbands of all the rectangles. The results show a slightly better performance of the this scheme in relation to the optimal scalar quantization of subbands (Entropy Limit). The coding speed of this VQ scheme is only 3 times slower than 1 single vector quantization per vector.

关键词： image coding subband coding vector quantization multiple quantizers

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Subpixel motion estimation for multiframe resolution enhancement

Subpixel motion estimation for multiframe resolution enhance...

引用

1997 conference on visual communications and image processing

作者： Schultz, RR Meng, L Stevenson, RL Univ. of North Dakota (United States) Univ. of Notre Dame (United States)

ISBN: (纸本)0819424358

Multiframe resolution enhancement algorithms are used to estimate a high-resolution video still (HRVS) from several low-resolution frames, provided that objects within the image sequence move with subpixel increments. A Bayesian multiframe enhancement algorithm is presented to compute an HRVS using the spatial information present within each frame as well as the temporal information present due to object motion between frames. However, the required subpixel-resolution motion vectors must be estimated from low-resolution and noisy video frames, resulting in an inaccurate motion field which can adversely impact the quality of the enhanced image. Several subpixel motion estimation techniques are incorporated into the Bayesian multiframe enhancement algorithm to determine their efficacy in the presence of global data transformations between frames (i.e., camera pan, rotation, tilt, and zoom) and independent object motion. visual and quantitative comparisons of the resulting high-resolution video stills computed from two video frames and the corresponding estimated motion fields show that the eight-parameter projective motion model is appropriate for global scene changes, while block matching and Horn-Schunck optical flow estimation each have their own advantages and disadvantages when used to estimate independent object motion.

关键词： Bayesian estimation discontinuities enhancement image sequence processing interpolation motion estimation multiframe multisensor reconstruction superresolution

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A content-based storage and retrieval scheme for image and video databases

A content-based storage and retrieval scheme for image and v...

引用

visual communications and image processing 1998 conference

作者： Herodotou, N Plataniotis, KN Venetsanopoulos, AN Univ Toronto Digital Signal & Image Proc Lab Dept Elect & Comp Engn Toronto ON M5S 3G4 Canada

ISBN: (纸本)0819427497

In this paper, a technique is presented to locate and track the facial areas in image and video databases. The extracted facial regions are used to obtain a number of features that are suitable for content-based storage and retrieval. The proposed face localization method consists of essentially two components: i) a color processing unit, and ii) a shape and color analysis module. The color processing component utilizes the distribution of skin-tones in the HSV color space to obtain an initial set of candidate regions or objects. The latter shape and color analysis module is used to correctly identify the facial regions when falsely detected objects are extracted. A number of features such as hair color, skin-tone, and face location and size are subsequently determined from the extracted facial areas. The hair and skin colors provide useful descriptions related to the human characteristics while the face location and size can reveal information about the activity within the scene (i.e. spatial relationships with other objects), and the type of image (i.e. portrait shot, complete body). These features can be effectively combined with others and employed in user queries to retrieve particular facial images.

关键词： facial image databases face location content-based storage/retrieval color segmentation

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Compression of SAR imagery using adaptive residual vector quantization

Compression of SAR imagery using adaptive residual vector qu...

引用

1997 conference on visual communications and image processing

作者： Nasrabadi, NM Venkatraman, M Kwon, H Army Research Lab. (United States) SUNY/Buffalo (United States)

ISBN: (纸本)0819424358

Compression of SAR imagery for battlefield digitization is discussed in this paper. The images are first processed to separate out possible target areas. These target areas are compressed losslessly to avoid any degradation of the images. The background information which is usually necessary to establish context, is compressed using a hybrid vector quantization algorithm. An adaptive variable rate residual vector quantizer is used to compress the residual signal generated by a neural network predictor. The vector quantizer codebooks are optimized for entropy coding using an entropy-constrained algorithm to further improve the coding performance. This constrained vector-quantizer combination performs extremely well as suggested by the experimental results.

关键词： SAR image compression vector quantization adaptive residual vector quantization vector prediction entropy-constrained quantization

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Embedded wavelet packet image coder with fast rate-distortion optimized decomposition

Embedded wavelet packet image coder with fast rate-distortio...

引用

1997 conference on visual communications and image processing

作者： Li, J Kuo, CCJ Cheng, PY Univ. of Southern California (United States) Physical Optics Corp. (United States)

ISBN: (纸本)0819424358

A fast rate-distortion (R-D) optimized wavelet packet (WP) transform is proposed for image compression in this research. By analyzing the R-D performance of the quantizer and the entropy coder, we show that the coding distortion D can be modeled as an exponentially decaying function as the coding rate R increases. With this exponential R-D model, it is proved that the constant R-D slope criterion for optimum bit allocation is equivalent to the constant distortion criterion, which can be easily implemented via thresholding. Based on this analytical result, we develop a fast wavelet packet decomposition scheme which is optimized in the R-D sense by comparing simple parameters associated with each wavelet packet band such as the 1st or 2nd absolute moments. We have performed extensive experiments to demonstrate the performance of an image coder using the proposed R-D optimized wavelet packet transform, and shown that our scheme is highly competitive with all well known state-of-the-art image coders.

关键词： image compression rate-distortion wavelet packets wavelet coding embedded coding

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