visualization has proved to be a suitable paradigm for the analysis and exploration of datasets. In the data mining cycle: visualization has been mainly focused on datavisualization and output generation. However, be...
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ISBN:
(纸本)0819440795
visualization has proved to be a suitable paradigm for the analysis and exploration of datasets. In the data mining cycle: visualization has been mainly focused on datavisualization and output generation. However, besides datasets, many other entities need to be explored and understood by users and analysts. In this paper, we describe the role of visualization in the data mining process, and we present a model to support the interaction between users and data mining entities. We discuss visualizations of datasets, parameter spaces of data mining algorithms, models induced from datasets, and patterns generated by the application of data mining algorithms to datasets. We have developed a Java-based testbed, that implements the extended data mining model with visual support to interact with datasets, models, parameter spaces, and patterns. Experimental results based on several public datasets, data mining algorithms, multidimensional visualization techniques, and other novel visualizations, show clearly the benefits of the integration of visualization in the data, mining process.
We describe three systems that use natural or event-based sounds as means of data delivery. In these systems we have mapped data to natural sounds using metaphors. In the first system we evaluate the use of sounds of ...
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ISBN:
(纸本)0819439800
We describe three systems that use natural or event-based sounds as means of data delivery. In these systems we have mapped data to natural sounds using metaphors. In the first system we evaluate the use of sounds of air, horn, and train to convey ordered numeric values between 1 to 6. An example of the metaphor used here is the association of speed values to the sound of a moving train at different speeds. In the second system, we use sounds of ocean waves to convey whether the exposure in a protein structural alignment is buried, partially exposed or fully exposed. The metaphor used here is the association of sound with how exposed the user is with respect to the ocean. In the third system, we map animal sounds such as the sound of a roaring lion or a chirping bird to certain stocks based on user preferences. The behavior of the stocks are then sounded by the use of whistles (up or down) and car crash to signify the movement in prices of the stocks. An up whistling sound can be clearly associated with an uptrend. We present and discuss the results of user evaluation studies for all the three systems.
With the rapid proliferation of complex high-dimensional biomedical data, an acute need exists for a comprehensive, knowledge-based, domain-specific, user-friendly software suite that allows investigators, in the heal...
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ISBN:
(纸本)0780367154
With the rapid proliferation of complex high-dimensional biomedical data, an acute need exists for a comprehensive, knowledge-based, domain-specific, user-friendly software suite that allows investigators, in the health care disciplines, to classify their data through the detection of novel or discriminating features therein. The Classification Canvas is an attempt to achieve these goals in addition to providing intuitive visual computation and logic construction. In this paper we describe various design and implementation issues such as: balancing user (novice) friendliness and developer (experienced) utility, performance versus modularity trade-offs, C++ and Java data sharing responsibilities, and creating graphical interfaces for (user-supplied) algorithm control.
The complexity of physical phenomena often varies substantially over space and time. There can be regions where a physical phenomenon/quantity varies very little over a large extent. At the same time, there can be sma...
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ISBN:
(纸本)0819439800
The complexity of physical phenomena often varies substantially over space and time. There can be regions where a physical phenomenon/quantity varies very little over a large extent. At the same time, there can be small regions where the same quantity exhibits highly complex variations. Adaptive mesh refinement (AMR) is a technique used in computational fluid dynamics (CFD) to simulate phenomena with drastically varying scales concerning the complexity of the simulated variables. Using multiple nested grids of different resolutions, AMR combines the topological simplicity of structured-rectilinear grids, permitting efficient computation and storage, with the possibility to adapt grid resolutions in regions of complex behavior. We present methods for direct volume rendering of AMR data. Our methods utilize AMR grids directly for efficiency of the visualization process. We apply a hardware-accelerated rendering method to AMR data supporting interactive manipulation of color-transfer functions and viewing parameters. We also present a cell-projection-based rendering technique for AMR data.
Multimedia processing is becoming increasingly important with a range of applications. Existing approaches for processing multimedia data can be broadly classified into two categories, namely (i) Microprocessors with ...
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ISBN:
(纸本)0769510620
Multimedia processing is becoming increasingly important with a range of applications. Existing approaches for processing multimedia data can be broadly classified into two categories, namely (i) Microprocessors with extended media processing capabilities, and (ii) Dedicated implementations (ASICs). The complexity, variety of techniques and tools associated with multimedia processing points to the opportunities for Reconfigurable computing devices which will be able to adapt the underlying hardware dynamically in response to changes in the input data or processing environment. This paper proposes a novel approach to design a dynamically reconfigurable processor by performing hardware software co-design for a media processing application. As an example, the analysis of the Shape coding module of MPEG-4 is chosen to demonstrate the potential for reconfigurability.
The image photometer measures the photometric characteristics of part or all of a scene stored as photometrically valid image data obtained from a calibrated electronic camera. The technology can offer significant adv...
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ISBN:
(纸本)0819439738
The image photometer measures the photometric characteristics of part or all of a scene stored as photometrically valid image data obtained from a calibrated electronic camera. The technology can offer significant advantages over other photometric methods for measuring visual displays where: the information content in the display measurements is moderate to large. photometric readings must be obtained from irregularly shaped regions in the display and/or from many regions distributed throughout the display. repetitive photometric measurements must be taken on a succession of similar parts.. numerical analysis of the photometric data is required. timely decisions must be made based upon photometric analysis. summary documentation must be produced. archiving measured data, analyses and/or summary reports is required. photometric results must be compared to one or more standards. We review the characteristics of the components of the image photometer and its calibration and discuss how they affect the validity and reliability of its measurements. We also discuss how specific design features affect the robustness and ease of use of the display measurement process. The costs and benefits of image photometry are compared to the current alternative photometric measurement technologies.
Wind Scatterometers are active microwave instruments with low spatial resolution and high sampling rate. Recent studies have shown high potentials of these data to monitor land surface parameters over semi-arid areas,...
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ISBN:
(纸本)0819438278
Wind Scatterometers are active microwave instruments with low spatial resolution and high sampling rate. Recent studies have shown high potentials of these data to monitor land surface parameters over semi-arid areas, including the soil moisture and the vegetation herbaceous mass. The objective of this study is to evaluate the potentialities of the ERS Wind Scatterometer to retrieve land surface parameters. After a brief presentation of the model used for the interpretation of sigma (0) time series, the inverse problem aiming at estimating herbaceous mass and soil moisture time series given the ERS WSC data is analysed. Due to the strong spatial and temporal variability of the soil moisture, the inverse problem appears to be a priori under-determined. We then solve the inverse problem with a "brute force" approach that consists in systematical exploration of the parameter space. This method does not only allow to obtain the optimal solutions like more classical method (generalised least square, simplex), but also the whole domain of admissible solutions. analysis of this domain provides interesting results for the inverse problem subtle understanding.
Competitive neural networks offer a unique opportunity to extract features from medical images objectively. An advantage of this approach is that medical image analysis could be automated or semi-automated. This autom...
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ISBN:
(纸本)0780367154
Competitive neural networks offer a unique opportunity to extract features from medical images objectively. An advantage of this approach is that medical image analysis could be automated or semi-automated. This automation could lead to improved precision and accuracy of diagnostic interpretation, while semi-automation could achieve much the same goal and would serve as a natural stepping-stone to full automation. This paper shows that all types of competitive neural networks can extract general features from images obtained through a microscope of four types of human breast disease, two benign and two malignant. Assessed qualitatively, the features broadly encompass thresholding and edge detection. These features are extracted regardless of supervision or lack of supervision. To visual inspection, there are no obvious sharp distinctions between benign and malignant diagnoses, the most important distinction in tissue diagnosis.
The performance demands on coated surfaces (ag., automotive paints) are considerable. Though the primary purpose of automotive paints is to protect the car body from corrosion, it has been well established that the ap...
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ISBN:
(纸本)0780367367
The performance demands on coated surfaces (ag., automotive paints) are considerable. Though the primary purpose of automotive paints is to protect the car body from corrosion, it has been well established that the appearance of a painted surface greatly affects a customer's perception of that product's quality. Automotive manufacturers spend considerable sums on the painting process during manufacturing and, again, on warranty-covered claims of paint-related problems. Therefore robust methods to both characterize and monitor surface quality are critical. Existing quality control methods using expert inspectors are generally effective in assessing perceived appearance, however, they are often labor intensive, time-consuming and can be subjective. Optical techniques conducted offline are generally robust and objective;however, they are not always effective in assessing perceived surface appearance. Furthermore, neither option effectively determines and maintains optimal processing conditions to consistently produce a quality finish and mitigate defects An intelligent automated proem that incorporates the effects of perception can facilitate an effective analysis of surface quality and appearance, in addition to maintaining optimal processing conditions for producing a desirable appearance. A long-term research goal is the development of a robust automated, in-line monitoring system which controls critical painting process parameters bayed, in part upon captured image data which correlates strongly with human visual assessment As a significant first step, this paper presents captured images and derived image attributes that correlate strongly with both objective measurements and a visual ranking of specular painted samples.
作者:
Shneiderman, BenDepartment of Computer Science
Human-Computer Interaction Laboratory Institute for Advanced Computer Studies and Institute for Systems Research University of Maryland College ParkMD20742 United States
The growing use of information visualization tools and data mining algorithms stems from two separate lines of research. Information visualization researchers believe in the importance of giving users an overview and ...
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