This paper involves data structures in planning to combine engineering research areas considered as communication modes: image, outline-sketches, and speech. Images are enhanced compressed and transmitted, but in grap...
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ISBN:
(纸本)0819417572
This paper involves data structures in planning to combine engineering research areas considered as communication modes: image, outline-sketches, and speech. Images are enhanced compressed and transmitted, but in graphics solid display is central, while in speech recognition/identification dominate. Outside computing, graphics uses sketch, outline-drawing, or schematic summaries of other data (photographic images). Practical image-processing involves comparisons, features/edges, shape, and segmentation, using both transforms and other global analyses. Most speech work involves domain restriction. This limit can be deleted by focussing on data structures: they can link word and picture domains, and allow for captioning, for indexing/highlighting-domains to users. This shows data structures enable implementing useful functions, support information-handling with synergistic benefits: the paper's theme. data structuring is also the theme of recent research literature on alternate means for visual presentation of multiple-measure numerical data. This paper briefly surveys these materials. We show how research from the data structure field enables new methods for addressing visualization issues, improves large-record data-handling, and aids greater use of visual and numerical records. (This expands on a talk presented 8 July 1994 at Argonne National Laboratory.)
Expert interpretation of raster-based data, needed when, for example, automatic reconstruction of sparsely sampled data cannot produce accurate models, requires a means for interaction through which the expert's k...
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ISBN:
(纸本)0819417572
Expert interpretation of raster-based data, needed when, for example, automatic reconstruction of sparsely sampled data cannot produce accurate models, requires a means for interaction through which the expert's knowledge can be incorporated into the model to improve accuracy. If such expert interpretation is to be viable, the interaction must be intuitive, direct and flexible. We present a novel approach to the design of such interaction: the use of the discrete thin-plate spline permits interactive manipulation of the stiffness and tension parameters in the plate to control the behavior between control points; an object based approach allows raster based objects to be manipulated in an intuitive manner in the context of a visual representation of the objects. The editor adopts a problem driven approach which allows specialized editing tools to be developed for editing in a specific application domain. A prototype implementation of the editor is presented which provides insights into the advantages and limitations of the approach.
In this parallel surface rendering algorithm based on dividing cube2 on a SIMD machine MasPar MP-1, we address the problem of load balancing and image composition. We divide a 3D array of Nx x Ny x Nz volume data into...
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ISBN:
(纸本)0819417572
In this parallel surface rendering algorithm based on dividing cube2 on a SIMD machine MasPar MP-1, we address the problem of load balancing and image composition. We divide a 3D array of Nx x Ny x Nz volume data into Nx x Ny columns, each Nz deep. Each processor in the mesh receives a subvolume of such data columns. All processors synchronously traverse its subvolume to determine the voxels intersecting the isosurface. Intersecting voxels are called isovoxels. Partial load balancing distributes the isovoxels contained in a row of processors evenly among the processors in that row to reduce the network traffic and complexity of the rendering phase. Each isovoxel is subdivided into point primitives using dividing cube algorithm. Rendering algorithm transforms the surface points and their normals and projects them into the view plane.
Vision characteristics are covered by the image transfer theory. But up to now, it dealt mainly with observation of Lambertian (i.e., diffuse-reflecting) objects on a Lambertian background. This model of reflection is...
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ISBN:
(纸本)0819417572
Vision characteristics are covered by the image transfer theory. But up to now, it dealt mainly with observation of Lambertian (i.e., diffuse-reflecting) objects on a Lambertian background. This model of reflection is quite a reasonable one for many natural and artificial objects to describe vision quality. This paper presents the mathematical description for vision criteria of another class of objects-retroreflectors to permit their angular patterns of reflection to be dealt with under unfavorable observation conditions through a light-scattering medium, such as fog. the small-angle diffusion approximation is used for the calculations of light characteristics under illumination by some source of an active vision system. by way of examples, there will be considered two questions: (1) visual perception of large-area objects where some parts of a retroreflector can be seen as dark and others as bright ones. This fact may be important when analyzing and exploring visual information being read out from a retroreflective panel. (2) The interesting effect of enhancing the contrast of a retroreflector image with increasing optical thickness of a scattering medium. This is related to increasing 'effective' albedo of an 'equivalent' Lambertian object the retroreflector can be replaced by. The results on vision characteristics of retroreflective objects are compared with those for the case of observation of Lambertian ones. The corresponding differences are discussed.
Devices such as videocameras, VCRs, microphones, and fax machines have had a great impact on society because they allow various aspects of the physical world to be acquired, stored, transmitted, and reinstantiated. An...
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ISBN:
(纸本)0819417572
Devices such as videocameras, VCRs, microphones, and fax machines have had a great impact on society because they allow various aspects of the physical world to be acquired, stored, transmitted, and reinstantiated. An important physical form that has received little attention is that of 3D shape. Emerging technologies allowing the acquisition and reinstantiation of 3D shape (3D laser scanners and solid freeform fabrication) are motivating numerous applications, including reverse engineering, traditional non-CAD design, and 3D faxing. However, for 3D scanning to realize its full potential, software must be developed to allow the reconstruction of useful 3D geometric models from the raw data that scanners produce. This work addresses surface reconstruction: the recovery of concise, accurate piecewise smooth surface models from scanned 3D points. We present a surface reconstruction method that is significantly more general than previous ones. Neither the topological type of the surface, its geometry, nor the location of its sharp features are known in advance -- all are inferred from the data points. A key ingredient is the introduction of a new class of subdivision surfaces allowing the representation of sharp features such as creases and corners. Finally, we demonstrate the effectiveness of the method using both simulated and real data.
Vision characteristics are covered by the image transfer theory. But up to now, it dealt mainly with observation of Lambertian (i.e., diffuse reflecting) objects on a Lambertian background. This model of reflection is...
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ISBN:
(纸本)0819417572
Vision characteristics are covered by the image transfer theory. But up to now, it dealt mainly with observation of Lambertian (i.e., diffuse reflecting) objects on a Lambertian background. This model of reflection is quite a reasonable one for many natural and artificial objects to describe vision quality. This paper presents the mathematical description for vision criteria of another class of objects--retroreflectors to permit their angular patterns of reflection to be dealt with under unfavorable observation conditions through a light-scattering medium such as fog. The small-angle diffusion approximation is used for the calculations of light characteristics under illumination by some source of an active vision system. By way of examples, there will be considered two questions: (1) visual perception of large-are objects where some parts of a a retroreflector can be seen as dark and others as bright ones. This fact may be important when analyzing and exploring visual information being read out from a retroreflective panel. (2) The interesting effect of enhancing the contrast of a retroreflector image with increasing optical thickness of a scattering medium. This is related to increasing 'effective' albedo of an 'equivalent' lambertian object the retroreflector can be replaced by. The results on vision characteristics of retroreflective objects are compared with those for the case of observation of Lambertian ones. the corresponding differences are discussed.
Nonlinear deterministic dynamical systems often exhibit complex and chaotic behavior which is difficult to comprehend. visualizing the characteristics of such systems is therefore essential for an understanding of the...
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We consider the task of passive navigation, where a stereo visual sensor system moves around an unknown scene. In order to guide an autonomous navigation, it is important to build a visual map which records the locati...
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Scenes that contain every-day man-made objects often possess sets of parallel lines and orthogonal planes, the projective features of which possess enough structural information to constrain possible scene element geo...
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ISBN:
(纸本)0819417572
Scenes that contain every-day man-made objects often possess sets of parallel lines and orthogonal planes, the projective features of which possess enough structural information to constrain possible scene element geometries as well as a camera's intrinsic and extrinsic parameters. In particular, in a scene with three mutually orthogonal sets of parallel lines, detection of the corresponding three vanishing points of the imaged lines allows us to determine the camera's image-relative principal point and effective focal length. In this paper we introduce a new technique to solve for radial and decentering lens distortion directly from the results of vanishing point estimation, thus precluding the need for special calibration templates. This is accomplished by using an iterative method to solve for the parameters that minimize vanishing point dispersion. Dispersion here is measured as covariance of vanishing point estimation error projected on the Gaussian sphere whose origin is the estimated center of projection. Having found a complete model for each camera's intrinsic parameters, corresponding points are used in the relative orientation technique to determine the camera's extrinsic parameters as well as point-wise structure. Surfaces inherit planar geometry and extent from manually identified coplanar lines and points. View independent textures are created for each surface by finding the 2-D homographic texture transformation which corrects for planar perspective foreshortening. We utilize the local Jacobian of this transformation in two important ways: to prevent aliasing in the plane's texture space and to merge correctly texture data arising from varying sampling resolutions in multiple views.
Full field surface data of cylindrically shaped objects, such as a human's head, can be acquired by rotating a triangulated laser and imaging system about the subject. The method of acquisition is imperfect and re...
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