visual reasoning in design is facilitated by sketching. This research investigates how designers sketch, specifically analysing the physical details of mark making. It relates the graphical representations to the abst...
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This paper presents the system called "MADE". MADE is an object-oriented software environment for research and application development for multimedia data processing. It is an integrated environment that sup...
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ISBN:
(纸本)0819431141
This paper presents the system called "MADE". MADE is an object-oriented software environment for research and application development for multimedia data processing. It is an integrated environment that supports algorithm development, management, and testing. It provides tools for image, sound, and graphic data processing even though the main emphasis is on image processing. The proposed system adopts a true object-oriented approach supporting well-separated data classes similar to IUE classes and provides multiple user interfaces for various classes of users. By separating the interface layer from data processing functions, it allows algorithm developers to write their functions without worrying about user interface programming. It is specially designed to work with both graphic and image objects in the same domain. It can display and edit image features in the graphic domain and process them in the image domain.
In this paper we describe the effects being carried out by the Laboratory of Computational Physics, the Scientific visualization Laboratory and the Virtual Reality Laboratory of the Naval Research Laboratory towards v...
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ISBN:
(纸本)0819431141
In this paper we describe the effects being carried out by the Laboratory of Computational Physics, the Scientific visualization Laboratory and the Virtual Reality Laboratory of the Naval Research Laboratory towards visualization of large data sets. We have concentrated on fluid flow hydrodynamics data sets. We describe the fully threaded tree structure developed at NRL to tackle the problem of massive parallel calculations using local mesh refinement methods. This structure was implemented with the IBM data Explorer environment, allowing a multiresolution visualization system that inherits the properties of the tree structure in a natural way. We also describe the visualization of these data sets in a virtual environment.
data driven analysis of complex systems or processes is necessary in many practical applications where analytical modeling is not possible. The Self-Organizing Map (SOM) is a neural network algorithm that has been wid...
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ISBN:
(纸本)3540660682
data driven analysis of complex systems or processes is necessary in many practical applications where analytical modeling is not possible. The Self-Organizing Map (SOM) is a neural network algorithm that has been widely applied in analysis and visualization of high-dimensional data. It carries out a nonlinear mapping of input data onto a two-dimensional grid. The mapping preserves the most important topological and metric relationships of the data. The SOM has turned out to be art efficient tool in dataexploration tasks in various engineering applications: process analysis in forest industry, steel production and analysis of telecommunication networks and systems. In this paper, SOM based analysis of complex process data is discussed. As a case study, analysis of a continuous pulp digester is presented. The SOM is used to form visual presentations of the data. By interpreting the visualizations, complex parameter dependencies can be revealed. By concentrating on the significant measurements, reasons for digester faults can be determined.
Representation of terrain at arbitrary level of accuracy is considered as a basic requirement for terrain rendering and ground analysis in a number of visual applications. In all of such applications, there exists com...
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ISBN:
(纸本)0819431141
Representation of terrain at arbitrary level of accuracy is considered as a basic requirement for terrain rendering and ground analysis in a number of visual applications. In all of such applications, there exists compromise between the desire for accuracy and the amount of information to be needed. For visualization of terrain, an efficient way to achieve the compromise is to display an approximation at high accuracy in specific areas of interest, while a coarse approximation is used over the other areas. And, for analytical purpose, it is efficient to employ a proper approximation of terrain with maximum precision for given tasks. Multiresolution terrain models offer the possibility to visualize and analyze terrain in 3D at different levels of precision. In this paper, we focus on a multiresolution representation of triangulated terrain, called HiT model, which can efficiently support rendering operations at interactive rate as well as analytical operations. HiT model is a new type of unified model for multiresultion description of triangulated terrain. In this paper, we'll describe HiT model in a formally way. We also presents algorithms for extraction of constant approximation and view-dependent approximation.
Previous research in information visualization has primarily focused on providing novel views and frameworks to aid users in exploring or accessing data;very little work has been done to support users through the full...
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A collection of entity descriptions may be conveniently represented by a set of tuples or a set of objects with appropriate attributes. The utility of relational and object databases is based on this premise. Methods ...
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ISBN:
(纸本)0819431141
A collection of entity descriptions may be conveniently represented by a set of tuples or a set of objects with appropriate attributes. The utility of relational and object databases is based on this premise. Methods of multivariate analysis can naturally be applied to such a representation. Multidimensional Scaling deserves particular attention because of its. suitability for visualization. The advantage of using Multidimensional Scaling is its generality. Provided that one can judge or calculate the dissimilarity between any pair of data objects, this method can be applied. This makes it invariant to the number and types of object attributes. To take advantage of this method for visualizing large collections of data, however, its inherent computational complexity needs to be alleviated. This is particularly the case for least squares scaling, which involves numerical minimization of a loss function;on the other hand the technique gives better configurations than analytical classical scaling. Numerical optimization requires selection of a convergence criterion, i.e. deciding when to stop. A common solution is to stop after a predetermined number of iterations has been performed. Such an approach, while guaranteed to terminate, may prematurely abort the optimization. The incremental Multidimensional Scaling method presented here solves these problems. It uses cluster analysis techniques to assess the structural significance of groups of data objects. This creates an opportunity to ignore dissimilarities between closely associated objects, thus greatly reducing input size. To detect convergence it maintains a compact representation of all intermediate optimization results. This method has been applied to the analysis of database tables.
Chlorophyll fluorescence has been widely applied as a non-invasive technique for the in vivo analysis of plant stress. In this work, the two-dimensional image analysis of the fluorescence signal was used to evaluate t...
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ISBN:
(纸本)0819431818
Chlorophyll fluorescence has been widely applied as a non-invasive technique for the in vivo analysis of plant stress. In this work, the two-dimensional image analysis of the fluorescence signal was used to evaluate the physiological status of heavy metal stressed leaves, based on their photosynthetic capacity. Chlorophyll fluorescence (>650nm) emission of control and heavy metal treated plants registered at different times during the blue light illumination of the leaves show abnormal patterns of non-homogeneous spatial distribution of the fluorescence emission from metal-treated plants. This is correlated to an altered photosynthetic functionality in different parts of the leaves. Quantitative evaluation of the photosynthetic activity can be made on data extracted after simple arithmetical pixel-point processing of fluorescence images taken at different time during the illumination process. The altered fluorescence emission was observed in absence of other visual symptoms that could testify problems at the level of the photosynthetic apparatus. This indicates that chlorophyll fluorescence imaging is a suitable tool for the early, pre-visual detection of plant stress also in the case of heavy metal stress.
There has been significant progress in the area of content-based still image retrieval systems. However, most of the existing visual information systems use static feature analysis models decided by database implement...
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ISBN:
(纸本)0819434396
There has been significant progress in the area of content-based still image retrieval systems. However, most of the existing visual information systems use static feature analysis models decided by database implementers based on heuristics, and adapting indexing oriented data modeling. In other words, such systems fall short in a number of areas including scalability, extensibility and adaptability. In this paper, we will attempt to resolve the problems that surface in content modeling, description and sharing of distributed heterogeneous multimedia information. A language, named UCDL (Unified Content Description Language), for heterogeneous multimedia content description is presented to resolve the related problem. The resulting UCDL facilitates a formal modeling method of complex multimedia content, a unified content description scheme, and the exchange of heterogeneous content information. The proposed language has several advantages. For instance, an individual user can easily create audio-visual descriptions by using a library of automated tools. Users can do automated testing of content description for correctness and completeness before populating the database and its use. Note that with UCDL, content description becomes implementation independent, thus offering portability across a number of applications from authoring tools to database management systems. Users can have personalized retrieval view through content filtering, and can easily share the heterogeneous content descriptions of various information sources.
The classical approach in vision research - the derivation of basically linear filter models from experiments with simple artificial test stimuli - is currently undergoing a major revision. Instead of trying to keep t...
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ISBN:
(纸本)081943115X
The classical approach in vision research - the derivation of basically linear filter models from experiments with simple artificial test stimuli - is currently undergoing a major revision. Instead of trying to keep the dirty environment out of our clean labs we put it now right into the focus of scientific exploration. The new approach has a close relation to basic engineering strategies for electronic image processing since its major concept is the exploitation of the statistical redundancies of the environment by appropriate neural transformations. The standard engineering methods are not sufficient, however. Even a basic biological feature like orientation selectivity requires the consideration of higher-order statistics, like cumulants or polyspectra. Furthermore, there exists an abundance of nonlinear phenomena in biological vision, for example the phase-invariance of complex cells, cortical gain control, or end-stopping, which make it necessary to consider unconventional modeling approaches like differential geometry or Volterra-Wiener systems. By use of such methods we cannot only gain a deeper understanding of the adaptation of the visual system to the complex natural environment, but we can also make the biological system an inspiring source for the design of novel strategies in electronic image processing.
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