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Integration of old and new measurements to optimize redevelopment of the Lower Lagunillas reservoir of Bloque iv, Lake Maracaibo, Venezuela

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SPE RESERVOIR EVALUATION & ENGINEERING 1998年第3期1卷 180-191页

作者： Bryant, ID Baygun, B Herron, MM Matteson, A Ramamoorthy, R Stewart, L Tariq, SM Coll, C Cordova, P de Villarroel, HG Hernandez, L Jimenez, Z Leon, K Rondon, L Schlumberger Doll Res Reservoir Monitoring & Modeling Program Ridgefield CT 06877 USA Maravan SA Caracas Venezuela

The Lower Lagunillas of Bloque iv of the Bachaquero field is a supergiant reservoir that has been in production since 1956. We have carried out a pilot reservoir characterization study in the central part of the field, in which we have integrated all the available data into three-dimensional (3D) reservoir simulation models whose purpose is to optimize redevelopment of the area with horizontal wells. An analysis of the history of production was undertaken to gain an insight into the reservoir dynamics. This analysis indicated the inefficiency of gas injection in providing pressure support to the pilot study area and demonstrated the presence of active aquifer encroachment from the south. Anomalies in production behavior and fluid characteristics indicate both lateral and vertical compartmentalization of the reservoir. We have integrated Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) measurements of mineralogy from old cores with a comprehensive logging suite in a new well to re-evaluate older, sparse logging suites. The application of a mineral-based log evaluation and high-resolution processing of the new logs has led to a significant increase in estimates of oil initially in place in the study area. We have used a novel approach to estimate permeability in all wells in the study area. Combining these new evaluations with a revised geological model enabled us to recognize 11 geological layers throughout the area. Formation pressure measurements confirm that partial barriers to vertical communication exist between most of these layers. Cased hole saturation measurements and historical production data indicate an uneven sweep of these layers, such that five layers contain bypassed oil that could be recovered by horizontal wells. We have constructed very detailed simulation models that describe the lateral and vertical variation in petrophysical properties of each of these layers. These models have been used to select the optimum locations for horizontal wells and to optimize thei

关键词： data quality Engineering recovery saturation reservoir well logging study area pilot study area interpretation Venezuela Core analysis Directional drilling Drilling Operations Drillstem/well testing Estimates of resource in place exploration development structural geology Flow in porous media Fluid Characterization Formation Evaluation & Management Improved and Enhanced Recovery

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Intelligent visualization and dynamic manipulation: Two complementary instruments to support data exploration with GIS 98

Intelligent visualization and dynamic manipulation: Two comp...

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4th International Working conference on Advanced visual Interfaces, AVI 1998

作者： Andrienko, Gennady L. Andrienko, Natalia V. GMD - German National Research Center for Information Technology Schloss Birlinghoven Sankt-Augustin D-53754 Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9781450374354

To analyze spatially referenced data, i.e. data referring to geographical objects or locations, one should present them on a map. IRIS is a software system that supports exploration of such data by providing two main services: 1) automated generation of maps and 2) interactive facilities to dynamically manipulate the maps. Automated mapping is enabled by incorporation of generic knowledge on map design. This prevents errors in map design resulting in useless or even misleading presentations. It also helps save users' time and efforts as compared to data visualization with the existing mapping software. Unlike paper maps, a map on the computer screen can dynamically change in response to various interactive manipulations. It is possible to design such interactive operations that will significantly promote data exploration. Within IRIS project we develop for each data presentation method a specific interactive tool that exploits the peculiarities of this method and facilitates fulfilling the analysis tasks the method is best suitable for. Currently researches in automated data visualization design and in dynamic manipulation are developed separately whereas these are two complementary instruments to support data exploration. In this paper we show how we integrate these two instruments in IRIS.

关键词： Maps

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Multiplexed space-time maps for time series data visualization: application to 4D cardiac imaging

Multiplexed space-time maps for time series data visualizati...

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conference on visual data exploration and analysis V

作者： Pearlman, JD Yaseen, Z Harvard Univ Sch Med Beth Israel Deaconess Med Ctr Boston MA 02115 USA

ISBN: (纸本)0819427381

Introduction: 4D data (time-series images) inundate the viewer, so conventional 2D slice image review for decision making verges on impracticality. A multiplexed composite presentation was developed to facilitate review of the 4D cardiac data for diagnostics. Methods: data were collected by MRI as time-series: 4D data (beating volume), and bolus transit contrast studies. Space-time maps were produced by extracting heart muscle in short axis views, remapping it from polar to Cartesian, so that the annular muscle formed a vertical strip, tiled into a 2D image in which vertical distance represents distance around the myocardium, and horizontal distance represents time. Results: Space-time maps enabled instant recognition and rapid measurement of size and timing of abnormalities, validated by microsphere distributions (r=0.86), ex vivo CT imaging (r=0.95), and correspondence to treatment effect (p<0.01). Multiplexed space-time maps enabled rapid recognition and rapid measurement of both the spatial extent and timing of transient changes. These maps summarize a massive amount of time-varying data in static images. Conclusion: Multiplexing obviates the need for accurate edge detection, and facilitates observer evaluation of data confidence and error propagation. Diagnostic information extraction and quantification is accelerated markedly with improved reproducibility and accuracy. The method is very noise tolerant.

关键词： time series space-time map MRI cardiac imaging visualization multiplex

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Projection pursuit analysis of hyperspectral scenes

Projection pursuit analysis of hyperspectral scenes

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conference on Algorithms for Multispectral and Hyperspectral Imagery iv

作者： Ifarraguerri, A Chang, CI USA Ctr Dev & Engn Edgewood Res Aberdeen Proving Ground MD 21010 USA

ISBN: (纸本)0819428213

Principal Components analysis is very effective at compressing information in multivariate data sets by computing orthogonal projections that maximize the amount of signal variance. Unfortunately, information content in hyperspectral images does not always coincide with such projections. We propose the application of Projection Pursuit, which seeks to fmd a set of orthogonal projections that are "interesting" in the sense that they deviate from the Gaussian distribution assumption. Once these projections are obtained, they can be used for image compression, segmentation, or enhancement for visual analysis. To fmd these projections we follow a 2-step iterative process where we first search for a projection that maximizes a projection index based on the divergence of the projection's estimated probability distribution from the Gaussian distribution, and then reduce the rank by projecting the data onto the subspace orthogonal to the previous projections. To find the projection that maximizes the index, a novel approach is taken which does not use an optimization algorithm, but rather searches for a solution by obtaining a set of candidate projections from the data and choosing the one with the highest projection index. This method is shown to work With simulated examples as well as data from the Hyperspectral Digital Imagery Collection Experiment.

关键词： Projection Pursuit hyperspectral image Principal Components analysis HYDICE

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Multivariate data visualization for qualitative model choice in learning systems

Multivariate data visualization for qualitative model choice...

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Joint conference on the Science and Technology of Intelligent Systems ISIC/CIRA/ISAS

作者： Grishin, V View Trends Int

ISBN: (纸本)0780344235

An visualization of multidimensional nonlinear structures of multivariate data for a qualitative model choice are considered. These problems appear in technological, pharmaceutical, financial, medical, etc., industries. It is showed that conventional methods of data analysis and model choice could be essentially reinforced by means of more effective use of human vision abilities. The pictorial analysis is developed as a human - computer dialog to search "pictorial" data representations which allow an effective detection of informative features and dependencies. Basic problems of this approach are discussed: the choice of perspective class of pictorial representation for different data sets, the interactive search of representations which ones allow to detect and describe visually acceptable solution of problem ( pattern recognition, clustering), the estimation of possible solution time and complexity for different data structures, etc. Practical implementations showing a high effectiveness of pictorial methods are demonstrated in application to a gas-turbine engine diagnostics by non stationary parameter trends, for an simultaneous monitoring of a hundred parameter dynamics of a power plant and for search of structure-activity relationship (QSAR) for new organic compounds.

关键词： multivariate data visualization model choice data exploration and human-computer learning systems visual perception pattern recognition clustering

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data dependent optimizations for permutation volume rendering

Data dependent optimizations for permutation volume renderin...

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conference on visual data exploration and analysis V

作者： Wittenbrink, CM Kim, KS Hewlett Packard Labs Palo Alto CA 94304 USA

ISBN: (纸本)0819427381

We have developed a highly efficient, high fidelity approach for parallel volume rendering that is called permutation warping. Permutation warping may use any one pass filter kernel, an example of which is trilinear reconstruction, an advantage over the shear warp approach. This work discusses experiments in improving permutation warping using data dependent optimizations to make it more competitive in speed with the shear warp algorithm. We use a linear octree on each processor for collapsing homogeneous regions and eliminating empty space. Static load balancing is also used to redistribute nodes from a processor's octree to achieve higher efficiencies. In studies on a 16384 processor MasPar MP-2, we have measured improvements of 3 to 5 times over our previous results. Run times are 73 milliseconds, 29 Mvoxels/second, or 14 frames/second for 128(3) volumes, the fastest MasPar volume rendering numbers in the literature. nun times are 427 milliseconds, 39 Mvoxels/second, or 2 frames/second for 256(3) volumes. The performance numbers show that coherency adaptations are effective for permutation warping. Because permutation warping has good scalability characteristics, it proves to be a superior approach for massively parallel computers when image fidelity is a required feature. We have provided further evidence for the utility of permutation warping as a scalable, high fidelity, and high performance approach to parallel volume visualization.

关键词： parallel volume visualization SIMD algorithms octree ray tracing

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High-resolution atheroma mixture modeled MRI

High-resolution atheroma mixture modeled MRI

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conference on visual data exploration and analysis V

作者： Pearlman, JD Sukhatme, VV Harvard Univ Sch Med Beth Israel Deaconess Med Ctr Boston MA 02115 USA

ISBN: (纸本)0819427381

Introduction: In chemically sensitive MRT, similar signals from the atheroma that blocks arteries and from perivascular fat, due to partial volume effects, can result in a mixed signal. Methods: MRI of pure samples and of blood vessels containing 10 different ratios of atheroma and perivascular fat were acquired by inversion recovery MRI. Mixture modeling deduced component signals, and distribution analysis enabled conversion of dynamic range to enhanced resolution. Imaging was repeated at high resolution (long acquisition) for validation of resolution enhancement. Monte Carlo methods were applied to examine error propagation. Quantitation of atheroma content corresponds accurately to measured samples (r=.997). Results: Mixture modeling correctly identified components with rms error <5%. Multiresolution imaging confirmed that redistribution converts dynamic range to enhanced spatial resolution. The resolution enhancement agrees well with direct high-resolution acquisition, achieving 256x improvement in effective in-plane resolution. Conclusion. Mixture modeling correctly identifies atheroma vs. perivascular fat signal components, and resolution-enhancement converts the results to high spatial resolution maps of the components. The resolution-enhanced images agree well with the true high-resolution acquisition. They are faster to acquire, more practical, and provide better tissue characterization, including quantitation of the atheroma lipid burden in the vessel.

关键词： Image resolution Resolution enhancement technologies Magnetic resonance imaging Arteries visualization Spatial resolution Magnetism Blood Calibration Error analysis

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An assessment of pyramid-based multisensor image data fusion 4

An assessment of pyramid-based multisensor image data fusion

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conference on Image and Signal Processing for Remote Sensing iv

作者： Aiazzi, B Alparone, L Baronti, S Carlá, R CNR Nello Carrara IROE I-50127 Florence Italy

ISBN: (纸本)0819429597

This paper reports about a quantitative evaluation of pyramid-based schemes performing a feature-based fusion of data from multispectral and panchromatic imaging sensors having different ground,resolutions. A critical point is performances evaluation of image data fusion. A set of quantitative parameters has been recently proposed. Both visual quality, regarded as contrast, presence of fine details, and absence of impairments and artifacts (e.g., blur, ringing), and spectral fidelity (i.e., preservation of spectral signatures) are concerned and embodied in the measurements. The aim of the present work is to provide a comprehensive performance comparison on SPOT data among three feature-based schemes for image fusion, as well as on a specific case study on which multisensor observations were available. Out of the three methods compared respectively based on high-pass filtering (HPF), wavelet transform (WT), and generalized Laplacian pyramid (GLP), the fatter two are far more efficient than the former, thus establishing the advantages for data fusion of a formally multiresolution analysis.

关键词： image processing data fusion multiresolution analysis wavelet transform Laplacian pyramid high-pass filtering technique (HPF) SPOT Landsat TM spectral signatures performance evaluation

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visualization of GIS data in VR related to cognitive mapping of environment

Visualization of GIS data in VR related to cognitive mapping...

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Proceedings of the 1998 International conference on Information visualization, iv

作者： Sidjanin, Predrag TU Delft Delft Netherlands

In the paper, the main concepts about a design tool and its testing supported by an visualization of GIS data in VR system will be described. The design tool should improve architectural design with respect to analysis and improving existing and planned urban environments regarding several quality criteria, especially those associated with visual aspects. Preconditions for defining the design tool's purpose are the determination of the `well-situated' urban elements, their impact on cognitive mapping, and the exploitation of this knowledge on cognitive mapping for the improvement of urban environments. Cognitive mapping is a kind of representation of schematic knowledge that a person has about familiar environments. A cognitive map is stored information or knowledge about the purpose and function of the environment. This leads to the conclusion that an urban environment design which takes of the process of cognitive mapping into consideration, will be experienced by most of the people in the same way. Investigations of this process result in a theoretical model of elements of urban environments, their relationships and their dependencies. The theoretical platform of the tool is based on design theory, cognitive science and computer science. Design theory and cognitive science are used to develop the theoretical model. This theoretical model together with computer science are the basis for tool development. The tool uses a schematic representation of urban environment, based partly on Lynch's theory of `urban form' (1960). Lynch's theory is crucial for the tool because it explains almost all elements of urban environments. Systematic investigation of urban environments and their characteristics are important for theoretical and computational modeling as well as for the later testing of the tool. The main computational support for the tool testing is provided by an visualization of GIS data in virtual environment. The information represented in the GIS data visualizat

关键词： Computer graphics

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Fusion of hyperspectral (DAIS 7915), wide-angle (WAAC), and SAR (E-SAR) data acquisition methods: the MultiSwiss'97 campaign

Fusion of hyperspectral (DAIS 7915), wide-angle (WAAC), and ...

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conference on Imaging Spectrometry iv

作者： Schaepman, ME Kneubuehler, M Meier, E Mueller, A Strobl, P Reulke, R Horn, R Univ Zurich Dept Geog Remote Sensing Labs CH-8057 Zurich Switzerland

ISBN: (纸本)0819428930

A multisensor airborne campaign is carried out in Switzerland in summer 1997. The campaign did not only involve a suite of different sensors but also extensive ground supporting measurements. Amongst the sensors that acquired data over a predefined set of three standard test sites were the hyperspectral imagers DAIS 7915 and CASI, a wide angle airborne camera (WAAC) and a SAR (E-SAR) system as well as an imaging laserscanner. On the ground, geolocation is performed with differential GPS systems and a number of georeferenced ground control points (corner reflectors for the active systems and white markers for visual control). An active navigation system for the aircraft is used for accurate flight path determination in order to support single- and multi-pass interferometric flights. The thermal ground references consist of a number of targets (e.g. blank and black aluminum, as well as heated targets) in the field to verify the thermal performance of the DAIS. Radiometric validation on the ground includes spectroradiometric measurements of a number of selected reference targets, measurements of global flux and radiant temperature, as well as sunphotometer measurements. Conventional field mapping completes the full documentation of the three test sites. The generation of digital surface models using the stereo approach of the WAAC camera and the laserscanner is a goal to support the georeferencing of the different acquired image data. Finally all data are projected onto a common reference system (Swiss grid) and can be used for further analysis.

关键词： airborne campaign hyperspectral multi-angle SAR laserscanner fusion

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