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Optimal Axes for Data Value Estimation in Star Coordinates and Radial Axes Plots

COMPUTER GRAPHICS FORUM 2021年第3期40卷 483-494页

作者： Rubio-Sanchez, M. Lehmann, D. J. Sanchez, A. Rojo-Alvarez, J. L. Univ Rey Juan Carlos Madrid Spain Univ Magdeburg Magdeburg Germany Ostfalia Univ Appl Sci Wolfenbuttel Wolfenbuttel Germany

Radial axes plots are projection methods that represent high-dimensional data samples as points on a two-dimensional plane. These techniques define mappings through a set of axis vectors, each associated with a data variable, which users can manipulate interactively to create different plots and analyze data from multiple points of view. However, updating the direction and length of an axis vector is far from trivial. Users must consider the data analysis task, domain knowledge, the directions in which values should increase, the relative importance of each variable, or the correlations between variables, among other factors. Another issue is the difficulty to approximate high-dimensional data values in the two-dimensional visualizations, which can hamper searching for data with particular characteristics, analyzing the most common data values in clusters, inspecting outliers, etc. In this paper we present and analyze several optimization approaches for enhancing radial axes plots regarding their ability to represent high-dimensional data values. The techniques can be used not only to approximate data values with greater accuracy, but also to guide users when updating axis vectors or extending visualizations with new variables, since they can reveal poor choices of axis vectors. The optimal axes can also be included in nonlinear plots. In particular, we show how they can be used within RadViz to assess the quality of a variable ordering. The in-depth analysis carried out is useful for visualization designers developing radial axes techniques, or planning to incorporate axes into other visualization methods.

关键词： CCS Concepts • Human-centered computing → visualization techniques visualization theory concepts and paradigms • Mathematics of computing → Exploratory data analysis

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Evaluation in visualization: some issues and best practices

Evaluation in Visualization: some issues and best practices

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IS and T/SPIE 21st Annual conference on visualization and Analysis (VDA)

作者： Santos, Beatriz Sousa Dias, Paulo Univ Aveiro DETI Aveiro Portugal

ISBN: (纸本)9780819499349

The first data and information visualization techniques and systems were developed and presented without a systematic evaluation; however, researchers have become, and are more and more, aware of the importance of evaluation (Plaisant, 2004)¹. Evaluation is not only a means of improving techniques and applications, but it can also produce evidence of measurable benefits that will encourage adoption. Yet, evaluating visualization applications or techniques, is not simple. We deem visualization applications should be developed using a user-centered design approach and that evaluation should take place in several phases along the process and with different purposes. An account of what issues we consider relevant while planning an evaluation in Medical Data visualization can be found in (Sousa Santos and Dillenseger, 2005) ². In that work the question “how well does a visualization represent the underlying phenomenon and help the user understand it?” is identified as fundamental, and is decomposed in two aspects: A) the evaluation of the representation of the phenomenon (first part of the question). B) the evaluation of the users’ performance in their tasks when using the visualization, which implies the understanding of the phenomenon (second part of the question). We contend that these questions transcend Medical Data visualization and can be considered central to evaluating Data and Information visualization applications and techniques in general. In fact, the latter part of the question is related to the question Freitas et al. (2009) ³ deem crucial to user centered visualization evaluation: “How do we know if information visualization tools are useful and usable for real users performing real visualization tasks?” In what follows issues and methods that we have been using to tackle this latter question, are briefly addressed. This excludes equally relevant topics as algorithm optimization, and accuracy, that can be dealt with using

关键词： visualization Taxonomy Visual analytics Information visualization Testing and analysis Data analysis Data modeling Data visualization Statistical analysis optimization (mathematics)

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Preliminary development of a visual environment for multidisciplinary optimization

Preliminary development of a visual environment for multidis...

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Fluid Dynamics conference, 1996

作者： Darmofal, David L. Haimes, Robert Department of Aerospace Engineering Texas A and M University United States Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics Massachusetts Institute of Technology United States

In this paper, the preliminary development of a visualization environment for large-scale, threedimensional, Multidisciplinary Design optimization (MDO) problems is described. The Visual optimization Environment (VOE) is designed for use on a distributed network of workstations with one high end graphics workstation to provide the necessary rendering capabilities. Significant effort has been placed on minimizing the communication required in this distributed visualization setting. The VOE is intended for both post-processing and concurrent processing of an optimization. While the VOE provides the traditional visualization capabilities for displaying and interrogating three-dimensional state space data (such as pressures, temperatures, velocities, etc) through its state space visualization toolkit, this paper focuses on issues surrounding the visualization of the design space through its design space visualization toolkit. The two major difficulties associated with design space visualization are: (1) visualization in ***-dimensional space where N is typically large, and (2) the sparseness of available data from which to construct useful images in the JV-dimensional design space. A key to solving the first problem is the development of techniques to identify important aspects of a particular optimization problem. A simple nonlinear, constrained optimization problem is used to illustrate the application of the VOE. © 1996 by D.L. Darmofal.

关键词： visualization

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Improved Canny Edges Using Ant Colony optimization

Improved Canny Edges Using Ant Colony Optimization

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5th International conference on Computer Graphics, Imaging and visualization (CGIV)

作者： Wong, Ya-Ping Soh, VIctor Chien-Ming Ban, Kar-Weng Bau, Yoon-Teck Multimedia Univ Fac Informat Technol Cyberjaya 63100 Selangor Malaysia

ISBN: (纸本)9780769533599

Ant Colony optimization (ACO) is a metaheuristic approach for solving hard optimization problem. It has been applied to solve various image processing problems such as image segmentation, classification, image analysis and edge detection. In this paper, we present an Improved Canny Edges (ICE-ACO) algorithm which uses ACO to solve the problem of linking disjointed edges produced by Canny Edge Detector.

关键词： Ant Colony optimization (ACO) Swarm. Intelligence Canny Edge Detector Edge Linking

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Enhancing Parallel Coordinates visualization Using Genetic Algorithm with Smart Mutation

Enhancing Parallel Coordinates Visualization Using Genetic A...

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IEEE International conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics (SMC)

作者： Aldwib, Khiria Rahnamayan, Shahryar Ibrahim, Amin Ontario Tech Univ Nat Inspired Computat Intelligence NICI Lab Dept Elect Comp & Software Engn Oshawa ON Canada

ISBN: (纸本)9781728185262

visualization techniques have received a lot of attention regarding their potential to interpret and analyze the *** of the marked visualization methods is the Parallel Coordinates Plot (PCP) utilized to high-dimensional datasets (more than three dimensions). Due to that, in visualizing large-scale datasets, the method suffers from high clutters produced from numerous intersection lines between neighboring axes, numbers of researchers have conducted techniques to boost PCPs. For instance, reducing the number of crossing lines by utilizing the re-ordering the neighboring axes in the PCP technique is a useful procedure to reduce the clutter. Motivated by this goal, the acquisition of the optimal coordinate's order can be classified as a combinatorial optimization problem. However, in high-dimensional datasets, the optimization algorithm may face difficulty to deal with this issue. In this paper, we propose a smart mutation operator to enhance the performance of Genetic Algorithm (GA) in finding the optimal order of PCP based on diminishing the numerous intersection lines. However, any other user-desired metric can be utilized as an objective function. To assess the introduced method, we conducted a Monte Carlo simulation and several experiments to find an optimal coordinates' order in PCP to visualize the datasets with various numbers of samples and dimensions. In the experimental results, utilizing the smart mutation represents an improvement in PCP visualization in terms of reducing the intersection lines between the neighboring coordinates compared to the original GA.

关键词： visualization Parallel Coordinates Plot Genetic Algorithm for Combinatorial Problems Monte Carlo

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EVALUATING THE PERFORMANCE OF VISUAL STEERING COMMANDS FOR USER-GUIDED PARETO FRONTIER SAMPLING DURING TRADE SPACE EXPLORATION

EVALUATING THE PERFORMANCE OF VISUAL STEERING COMMANDS FOR U...

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ASME International Design Engineering Technical conferences/Computers and Information in Engineering conference

作者： Carlsen, Dan Malone, Matthew Kollat, Josh Simpson, Timothy W. Penn State Univ University Pk PA 16802 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9780791843253

Trade space exploration is a promising decision-making paradigm that provides a visual and more intuitive means for formulating, adjusting, and ultimately solving design optimization problems. This is achieved by combining multidimensional data visualization techniques with visual steering commands to allow designers to "steer" the optimization process while searching for the best, or Pareto optimal, designs. In this paper, we compare the performance of different combinations of visual steering commands implemented by two users to a multi-objective genetic algorithm that is executed "blindly" on the same problem with no human intervention. The results indicate that the visual steering commands regardless of the combination in which they are invoked provide a 4x -7x increase in the number of Pareto solutions that are obtained when the human is "in-the-loop" during the optimization process. As such, this study provides the first empirical evidence of the benefits of interactive visualization-based strategies to support engineering design optimization

关键词： visualization Pareto frontier multi-objective optimization genetic algorithm

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optimization and design space visualization applied to early conceptual design of compound helicopters

Optimization and design space visualization applied to early...

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52nd AIAA/ASME/ASCE/AHS/ASC Structures, Structural Dynamics and Materials conference

作者： Sartorius, Sky Technische Universität München Institute for Aircraft Design Boltzmannstrasse 15 85747 Garching Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9781600869518

Tools and techniques for conceptual design of rotorcraft are uncommon compared to what is available for sizing fixed-wing airplanes. With the goal of being able to easily create a sized helicopter or lift- and thrust-compounding helicopter within a short timeframe after initial exposure to a specification or request for proposals, a software suite was written to facilitate optimization and design space exploration in the conceptual design phase. The nature of the design problem for helicopters, and especially compound helicopters, requires tools for optimization and visualization of a multi-dimensional problem with many objectives and constraints. The software employs built-in optimization for both global and local search using established algorithms, both non-deterministic and deterministic. To let the designer visually explore the design space, novel capabilities are also included that combine well-known techniques for visualizing multi- and hyper-dimensional design domains into a single matrix of linked plots that allows the visualization of the effect of multiple decision variables on many constraints and design objectives. Overall, the software developed proved useful for conceptual sizing of compound helicopters, and the visualization techniques developed for this work proved great potential for a variety of optimization tasks in other disciplines. Copyright © 2011 by the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Inc.

关键词： Compound helicopters

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SpringView: Cooperation of radviz and parallel coordinates for view optimization and clutter reduction

SpringView: Cooperation of radviz and parallel coordinates f...

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3rd International conference on Coordinated and Multiple Views in Exploratory visualization

作者： Bertini, E Dell'Aquila, L Santucci, G Univ Roma La Sapienza Dipartimento Informat & Sistemist I-00198 Rome Italy

ISBN: (纸本)076952396X

In this paper we integrate radviz and parallel coordinates, two methods able to handle multidimensional datasets, exploiting their contrasting characteristics. From on side radviz offers good direct data manipulation (i.e., brushing) techniques and low cluttering but it fails in providing visualization of quantitative information;conversely, parallel coordinates clearly shows the values of data attributes and their ranges but suffers from high cluttering also on small datasets and presents tedious manipulation techniques. We developed a prototype, called SpringView, that allows for simultaneously viewing both radviz and parallel coordinates and implements several useful techniques to manipulate the data, both interactively and, more interestingly, automatically. We challenged our approach against two well know multidimensional datasets, proving its effectiveness.

关键词： Database systems

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Texture optimization for example-based synthesis

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ACM TRANSACTIONS ON GRAPHICS 2005年第3期24卷 795-802页

作者： Kwatra, V Essa, I Bobick, A Kwatra, N Georgia Inst Technol GVU Ctr Coll Comp Atlanta GA 30332 USA

We present a novel technique for texture synthesis using optimization. We define a Markov Random Field (MRF)-based similarity metric for measuring the quality of synthesized texture with respect to a given input sample. This allows us to formulate the synthesis problem as minimization of an energy function, which is optimized using an Expectation Maximization (EM)-like algorithm. In contrast to most example-based techniques that do region-growing, ours is a joint optimization approach that progressively refines the entire texture. Additionally, our approach is ideally suited to allow for controllable synthesis of textures. Specifically, we demonstrate controllability by animating image textures using flow fields. We allow for general two-dimensional flow fields that may dynamically change over time. Applications of this technique include dynamic texturing of fluid animations and texture-based flow visualization.

关键词： texture synthesis energy minimization flow visualization texture animation image-based rendering

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optimization and correction of the tool path of the five-axis milling machine - Part 1. Spatial optimization

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MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTERS IN SIMULATION 2007年第5-6期75卷 210-230页

作者： Makhanov, Stanislav Thammasat Univ Sirindhorn Int Inst Technol Pathum Thani 12000 Thailand

We introduce three algorithms for optimization of a tool path of a numerically controlled five-axis milling machine. The unifying idea is a flexible geometric structure which adapts itself to a certain cost function defined on the required part surface. Algorithm I is based on the variational grid generation, Algorithm 2 is based on a new modification of the space filling curves techniques. Algorithm 3 is based on construction of vector fields composed of optimal cutting directions. The algorithms verified by numerical experiments as well as by practical machining display a priority with the reference to the standard methods. (c) 2006 IMACS. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： NC-programming CAD/CAM optimization milling machines

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