Human motion can be digitally encoded following video motion capture analysis. This process can be computationally intensive or require human intervention when a large number of frames are considered. Data reduction m...
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Human motion can be digitally encoded following video motion capture analysis. This process can be computationally intensive or require human intervention when a large number of frames are considered. Data reduction methodologies using cubic interpolation polynomials were investigated. This was done to reduce the number of frames which must be considered by motion analysis software and to reduce bandwidth requirements for collaborative visualization across the Internet. Cubic spline control points were initially selected using the start, left swing, left stance, right swing, right stance, and end position of the gait cycle. An adaptive algorithm is presented to add control points as required to bring the error, calculated as a percentage of joint range, to within a maximum threshold value. It was determined that for subjects with normal gait, six to eight control points were required to generate curves with the appropriate tolerances. Editing polynomial curves by moving control points to visualize the net effect on gait of changes in joint range following surgical procedures are also discussed.
Three-dimensional (3-D) imaging in medicine includes visualization, manipulation and analysis of structural information captured in 3-D (and higher dimensional) digital images. This activity has become an established ...
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Three-dimensional (3-D) imaging in medicine includes visualization, manipulation and analysis of structural information captured in 3-D (and higher dimensional) digital images. This activity has become an established discipline in medical imaging. A method for surface representation of 3-D images (volumes) is presented. The procedure performs triangulation of the surface of the 3-D object and represents the result using a 3-D scene description language known as the virtual reality modeling language (VRML). The iterative procedure is implemented in C language on a SUN workstation.
Functional imaging of the brain can aid in the diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease. Tc-HMPAO SPECT is widely available and relatively inexpensive to use. Combined with computer-based analysis of images, SPECT is a power...
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Medical image analysis is shifting from current film oriented light screen environments to computer environments that involve viewing and analyzing large sets of images on a computer screen. Magnetic resonance imaging...
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Medical image analysis is shifting from current film oriented light screen environments to computer environments that involve viewing and analyzing large sets of images on a computer screen. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies, in particular, can involve many images. The paper examines how best to meet the needs of radiologists in a computational environment. To this end, a field study was conducted to observe radiologists' interactions during MRI analysis in the traditional light screen environment. Key issues uncovered involve control over focus and context, dynamic grouping of images and retrieval of images and image groups. To address the problem of focus and context, existing layout adjustment and magnification techniques are explored to provide the most appropriate solution. Our interest is in combining the methodologies of human computer interaction studies with computational presentation possibilities to design a visual environment for the crucial field of medical image analysis.
We present a neural network algorithm, derived from the Kohonen self-organized mapping algorithm, for the solution of the problem of matching points in two pictures representing slightly displaced and distorted images...
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We present a neural network algorithm, derived from the Kohonen self-organized mapping algorithm, for the solution of the problem of matching points in two pictures representing slightly displaced and distorted images of the same objects. We describe it hereafter in the context of a particular application, namely the matching of the images of marker-particles suspended in a moving fluid, seen in two pictures of them taken a small time interval apart. We illustrate the quality of the solutions it produces with representative results obtained for some test problems; in all cases it is outstandingly efficient.
Some features of medical education and virtual reality are presented. This topic comprises both conceptual and technical aspects. The connection of progressive technology with classical education methods brings many c...
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Some features of medical education and virtual reality are presented. This topic comprises both conceptual and technical aspects. The connection of progressive technology with classical education methods brings many challenges.
The paper reports a solution to the problem of image interpolation for generating, with high precision, an arbitrary cross-section from a series of slices. Shape-based interpolation as proposed allows the interpolatio...
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The paper reports a solution to the problem of image interpolation for generating, with high precision, an arbitrary cross-section from a series of slices. Shape-based interpolation as proposed allows the interpolation process to be influenced by the shape of the object. It is accomplished first by creating reconstructed shapes of the objects from a series of slices. Correspondence vectors distributed along the object surface are then generated from the reconstructed shapes. These vectors ensure the correct image interpolation on the boundaries of objects. Next, the correspondence vectors are interpolated to every image point within the new cross-section in process, and the image points at the start and end of a vector are linearly interpolated. Places where the correspondence vectors cannot be (branching or holes in the object shape) are treated separately. Results are presented from biological data obtained using an optical microscope. The data indicate that the proposed method produces more accurate results than commonly used interpolation methods, although at the cost of increased computation.
3D virtual colonoscopy has recently been proposed as a non-invasive alternative procedure for the visualization of the human colon. Surface rendering is sufficient for implementing such a procedure to obtain an overvi...
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3D virtual colonoscopy has recently been proposed as a non-invasive alternative procedure for the visualization of the human colon. Surface rendering is sufficient for implementing such a procedure to obtain an overview of the interior surface of the colon at interactive rendering speeds. Unfortunately, physicians can not use it to explore tissues beneath the surface to differentiate between benign and malignant structures. In this paper, we present a direct volume rendering approach based on perspective ray casting, as a supplement to the surface navigation. To accelerate the rendering speed, surface-assistant techniques are used to adapt the resampling rates by skipping the empty space inside the colon. In addition, a parallel version of the algorithm has been implemented on a shared-memory multiprocessing architecture. Experiments have been conducted on both simulation and patient data sets.
Summary form only given. New slip ring technology has transformed conventional two dimensional computerized axial tomographic methods into three dimensional imaging. Such methodology has allowed visualization, analysi...
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Summary form only given. New slip ring technology has transformed conventional two dimensional computerized axial tomographic methods into three dimensional imaging. Such methodology has allowed visualization, analysis, orchestration, subtraction and application of volumetric data towards therapeutic ends. It is important that engineers and physicians speak in common denominators for satisfactory end points, considering the rapid developments in imaging and computer technology. This abstract and the accompanying video of 3-D helical CATSCAN reconstruction are oriented to discuss the medical/surgical objectives of such a program. Currently, 3-D imaging is used in skeletal and facial reconstruction, angiography, and endoscopy to communicate complex interrelationships to physicians for planning purposes. Interactive image-guided therapy for minimally invasive surgical procedures demands more than the usual precision and is presently on the horizon. Herein, we present cases that illustrate issues of diagnostic dilemmas regarding planning limits of tumor resection, vascular compromise and navigation of endoscopic instruments within body cavities. Because a human being must obey biologic as well as physical principles, issues of contrast agents, respiratory motion, claustrophobia and interfering disease processes must be considered during imaging sequences.
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