The National Library of Medicine is creating a digital atlas of the human body. This project, called the Visible Human, has already produced computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging and physical cross-sections ...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9780818671876
The National Library of Medicine is creating a digital atlas of the human body. This project, called the Visible Human, has already produced computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging and physical cross-sections of a human male cadaver. This paper describes a methodology and results for extracting surfaces from the Visible Male's CT data. We use surface connectivity and isosurface extraction techniques to create polygonal models of the skin, bone, muscle and bowels. We also report early experiments with the physical cross-sections.
Estimating principal curvatures and principal directions of a surface from a polyhedral approximation with a large number of small faces, such as those produced by iso-surface construction algorithms, has become a bas...
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Estimating principal curvatures and principal directions of a surface from a polyhedral approximation with a large number of small faces, such as those produced by iso-surface construction algorithms, has become a basic step in many computer vision algorithms, particularly in those targeted at medical applications. We describe a method to estimate the tensor of curvature of a surface at the vertices of a polyhedral approximation. Principal curvatures and principal directions are obtained by computing in closed form the eigenvalues and eigenvectors of certain 3/spl times/3 symmetric matrices defined by integral formulas, and closely related to the matrix representation of the tensor of curvature. The resulting algorithm is linear, both in time and in space, as a function of the number of vertices and faces of the polyhedral surface.< >
Presents a novel volume rendering method which offers high rendering speed on standard workstations. It is based on a lossy data compression scheme which drastically reduces the memory bandwidth and computing requirem...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9780818671876
Presents a novel volume rendering method which offers high rendering speed on standard workstations. It is based on a lossy data compression scheme which drastically reduces the memory bandwidth and computing requirements of perspective raycasting. Starting from classified and shaded data sets, we use block truncation coding or color cell compression to compress a block of 12 voxels into 32 bits. All blocks of the data set are processed redundantly, yielding a data structure which avoids multiple memory accesses per raypoint. As a side effect, the tri-linear interpolation of data coded in such a way is very much simplified. These techniques allow us to perform walkthroughs at interactive frame rates. Furthermore, the algorithm provides depth-cueing and the semi-transparent display of different materials. The algorithm achieves a sustained frame generation rate of about 2 Hz for large data sets (/spl sim/200/sup 3/) at an acceptable image quality on an SGI Indy workstation. A number of examples are shown.
The defocused point spread functions and optical transfer functions of a microscope were measured and analyzed. The main purpose of the analysis was to verify the accuracy of analytical approximations of these functio...
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The defocused point spread functions and optical transfer functions of a microscope were measured and analyzed. The main purpose of the analysis was to verify the accuracy of analytical approximations of these functions, which were presented but not extensively studied in the literature. The measured results were compared with those calculated by Castleman's (1979) theoretical approximation, in the space and frequency domains, graphically and numerically. The results showed that for the numerical apertures used, the theoretical functions were close to the measured functions, and thus Castleman's theoretical approximation is a fairly good approximation. These defocused point spread functions are being used for the optical sectioning as part of microscope image visualization system described by Li, Agathokils, Peet, Jensen and Sahota (see Proceedings of 1993 Canadian conference on Electrical and Computer Engineering, p.1013-1016, Sept. 1993, Vancouver).
The goal of Visual Who is to make the social patterns of an electronic community visible. Using data such as mailing list subscriptions, it creates a spring based model of the patterns of affiliation within the commun...
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ISBN:
(纸本)0201877740
The goal of Visual Who is to make the social patterns of an electronic community visible. Using data such as mailing list subscriptions, it creates a spring based model of the patterns of affiliation within the community. By varying the groups chosen as anchor points, the user can interactively explore the underlying social and organizational structure. The resulting image of the community can be used as the basis for visualizing other data, such as the patterns of activity found in the record of login and idle times.
We demonstrate The Programmers' Playground, a programming environment that supports end-user construction of distributed multimedia applications. Features include separation of communication and computation, dynam...
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ISBN:
(纸本)0201877740
We demonstrate The Programmers' Playground, a programming environment that supports end-user construction of distributed multimedia applications. Features include separation of communication and computation, dynamic end-user configuration of distributed applications, separation of active & reactive control, and migration of running modules. Applications include a process control simulation, planetary orbits visualization, medical image processing pipeline, a multimedia conferencing application, and a user interface management system for constructing customized graphical user interfaces (GUIs).
This work presents a head-motion-parallax visualization system for arbitrarily complex computer graphics databases (such as biomedical data sets) using precomputed images. It features a large rear-projection screen an...
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ISBN:
(纸本)0819416983
This work presents a head-motion-parallax visualization system for arbitrarily complex computer graphics databases (such as biomedical data sets) using precomputed images. It features a large rear-projection screen and a blind restricting the range of possible vantage points. We describe implementation details for the high-resolution low-lag prototype system and relate first reactions from users.
The implementation and use of a computerized whole-brain mapping system which can be used in conjunction with the major imaging modalities (MR, CT, angiography, PET, SPECT) is described. Three mapping systems (brainst...
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ISBN:
(纸本)0819416983
The implementation and use of a computerized whole-brain mapping system which can be used in conjunction with the major imaging modalities (MR, CT, angiography, PET, SPECT) is described. Three mapping systems (brainstem anatomical, electrophysiological, and proportional whole-brain) based upon common reference structures about the third and fourth ventricular core of the brain are used in conjunction with internationally recognized nomenclature to create a comprehensive normalized whole-brain mapping system. This mapping technique can be universally applied to aid in discerning the surgical and anatomico-physiological topography of the brain for medical imaging.
Simulation and 3D visualization of object motion is a prerequisite for any surgical planning system. In order to provide feedback to show whether a realistic motion has been simulated, it is necessary to detect, quant...
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ISBN:
(纸本)0819416983
Simulation and 3D visualization of object motion is a prerequisite for any surgical planning system. In order to provide feedback to show whether a realistic motion has been simulated, it is necessary to detect, quantify and visualize interpenetrating volumes. This cannot be achieved by common surface based methods. Therefore we developed a voxel-based approach, providing the full information of the tomographic volume data. We present an extended ray-casting algorithm which allows visualization of object motion using ray compositing, thus avoiding explicit manipulation of the image volume. Possible volumetric intersections may be visualized and quantified and interior properties of scenes with any displace objects may be explored using volume cuts.
Measured data are inherently inaccurate. Operations done on data for defining, visualizing, manipulating and analyzing object information should attempt to retain these inaccuracies as accurately as possible. The theo...
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ISBN:
(纸本)0819416983
Measured data are inherently inaccurate. Operations done on data for defining, visualizing, manipulating and analyzing object information should attempt to retain these inaccuracies as accurately as possible. The theory of fuzzy sets is a proper mathematical vehicle for this purpose. In this attempt, topological notions such as adjacency, connectedness, and boundary need to be developed starting from fuzzy sets. We develop such a framework in this paper and present algorithms for finding fuzzy connected components and boundaries in digital imagery. We demonstrate the usefulness of these algorithms in medical applications, particularly in separating objects that come close together which are otherwise difficult to segment using hard (non-fuzzy) criteria.
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