The development of an interactive system that will display 3-D structures from a series of 2-D images acquired incrementally by a conventional 2-D ultrasound echographic (2DE) scanner is discussed. The user-guided sca...
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The development of an interactive system that will display 3-D structures from a series of 2-D images acquired incrementally by a conventional 2-D ultrasound echographic (2DE) scanner is discussed. The user-guided scanner head is mounted on a mechanical arm that tracks the position and orientation of an image frame. The design and implementation of the system, visualization algorithm, and results of an experiment with a doll phantom to test its feasibility are reported.< >
A particular surface rendering method is compared with a specific volume rendering technique. The former is described in details. The latter constitutes published work, and the comparison is based on the authors' ...
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A particular surface rendering method is compared with a specific volume rendering technique. The former is described in details. The latter constitutes published work, and the comparison is based on the authors' implementation of this work as close to its original form as possible. The bases of comparison are ability to portray thin bones; clarity of portrayal of sutures, fractures, fine textures, and gyrations; smoothness of natural ridges and silhouettes; time and storage requirements. The preliminary conclusion is that the surface method has a slight edge over the volume method for the portrayal of information of the type described and a significant advantage, as far as time and storage requirements are concerned, for implementations in identical environments.< >
A system of graphical software tools to facilitate the two-dimensional visualization of primary and model data is described. The system uses a direct manipulation interface developed at Duke University Medical Center....
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A system of graphical software tools to facilitate the two-dimensional visualization of primary and model data is described. The system uses a direct manipulation interface developed at Duke University Medical Center. This system presents the investigator with different tools to view and manipulate data in various ways and with the ability to cut and paste between display modes. A formal description of the standard self-documenting file structure used by these tools and a description of the display and manipulation tools that make up the system are presented. Examples derived from current use demonstrate how visualization facilitates exploration and analysis by direct manipulation. These concern dose curve response analysis and single channel data analysis. The system make use of the X-window system.< >
An environment for guided image interpretation in neuroanatomy is described. The authors describe a hyperdocument, created for the user, which allows for browsing and following guided tours through brain sections/volu...
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An environment for guided image interpretation in neuroanatomy is described. The authors describe a hyperdocument, created for the user, which allows for browsing and following guided tours through brain sections/volumes and the associated visual knowledge base, and an externalized cognitive map, created for the machine, which incorporates a volumetric atlas. The proposed environment integrates the hyperdocument representation with text and figure, the 3D volumetric atlas, volume and surface visualization, and an interactive user interface. The environment serves as an integrating framework to facilitate visual understanding, inference, retrieval, and comparison of all relevant information, both structural and functional.< >
Recent developments in morphometrics, the measurement of biological shape and shape change, are reviewed. After a roster of named, recognizably corresponding locations, or landmarks, have been located in each of a sam...
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Recent developments in morphometrics, the measurement of biological shape and shape change, are reviewed. After a roster of named, recognizably corresponding locations, or landmarks, have been located in each of a sample of images, the description of group differences and other effects upon form may usefully proceed in terms of a finite series of components of deformation of those images at different geometric scales. The component of largest scale is the uniform shear; remaining components are vector multiples of principal warps, which are eigenfunctions (with respect to net Euclidean displacement) of a convenient analog to physical bending energy. The mathematics of this decomposition, based in the algebra of thin-plate splines in two dimensions, is discussed.< >
A solution for signal-to-symbol transformation in the domain of flowlike or oriented texture is developed. The geometric theory of differential equations is used to derive a symbol set based on the visual appearance o...
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A solution for signal-to-symbol transformation in the domain of flowlike or oriented texture is developed. The geometric theory of differential equations is used to derive a symbol set based on the visual appearance of phase portraits. This theory provides the machinery for describing textures both qualitatively and quantitatively. An attractive feature of this symbol set is that it is domain independent and makes no assumptions about the kind of texture that may be present. The computational framework for starting with a given oriented texture and deriving its symbolic representation is provided. It is based on computing the orientation field for the texture and then using a nonlinear least squares technique over successive windows to determine the changing spatial behavior of the texture. The results of applying this technique to several real texture images are presented.< >
The author presents an intuitive, graphic-style human-computer interface that has been designed and implemented in response to the growing need for processing capability in medical imaging and the increase in readily ...
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The author presents an intuitive, graphic-style human-computer interface that has been designed and implemented in response to the growing need for processing capability in medical imaging and the increase in readily available computer hardware to provide it. The design makes use of metaphor to provide consistency in the interfaced and order to internal data structures. The result is an interactive tool that is used effectively to color-code phase-velocity-mapped imaged and isolate and render 3-D inflow angiography data in nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) imaging.< >
An approach to creating a three-dimensional computer model of an arterial structure based on magnetic resonance (MR) images from a limited number of views is described. The computer model assumes that the vascular str...
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An approach to creating a three-dimensional computer model of an arterial structure based on magnetic resonance (MR) images from a limited number of views is described. The computer model assumes that the vascular structure is composed of connected conical segments. From this three-dimensional computer model, quantitative measurements of vessel diameter, length, and position are available for any subset of the arterial structure. visualization is enhanced by displaying the computer model rather than a direct set of images obtained from different perspectives. Ambiguities from overlapping branches can be resolved by rotating the model or by eliminating the interfering structures. The application of the approach to a glass phantom of an abdominal aorta is described, along with a three-dimensional computer model created by reconstructing the geometry extracted from two MR scans of the phantom.< >
By the reformulation of image mapping as a problem in the mechanics of deformable bodies, image mapping is transformed into a process of finite-element analysis. A class of deformable models is developed based on the ...
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By the reformulation of image mapping as a problem in the mechanics of deformable bodies, image mapping is transformed into a process of finite-element analysis. A class of deformable models is developed based on the physical properties of elastic objects is presented. A force field is derived from the boundary information of the image. This force field is used to deform the elastic model so that the model closely matches the boundary in the image. Characteristics of the image data and difficulties in its modeling are examined. Compensating matching strategies, each corresponding to an elastic model, are developed.< >
An approach to the use of infrared digitized thermal imaging in clinical diagnosis is described. It is based on the temporal analysis of hundreds of consecutive digitized thermal images (thermograms). Like any thermos...
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An approach to the use of infrared digitized thermal imaging in clinical diagnosis is described. It is based on the temporal analysis of hundreds of consecutive digitized thermal images (thermograms). Like any thermostated system local skin temperature oscillates as it is driven by systemic and local nervous factors. The oscillations, which may be of diagnostic value, can be derived only from dynamic studies. The average temperatures of small areas of the skin on the human back (12 to 25 cm/sup 2/) were used to determine the primary regulatory frequencies using fast Fourier transformation analysis. Both asymptomatic subjects and people with back problems of neurological origin were studied. Preliminary findings show regulatory frequencies which may be associated with pathology.< >
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