Application of fast discrete orthogonal transforms with various basis functions for data compression and efficient signal coding occupies a special place in the evolution of spectral representations. This has become m...
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ISBN:
(纸本)0819422134
Application of fast discrete orthogonal transforms with various basis functions for data compression and efficient signal coding occupies a special place in the evolution of spectral representations. This has become more apparent with the development of different wavelet and wavelet-packet transforms. Two basic compression procedures, known as zonal and threshold coding, are commonly being applied to the spectral vector. The optimal zonal coding method provides a minimum error of reconstruction for certain compression ratio. In order to determine optimal zonal coding method for the chosen transform one has to obtain the estimates of its spectra on a given class of signals. This task was considered on a general class of input vectors for classical discrete orthogonal transforms, including Fourier, Hartley, cosine, sine, as well as Walsh and Haar transforms. In this paper, we expand those results on various wavelet transforms by evaluating the upper bounds of their spectra. These estimates allow not only to a priori select the wavelet coefficient packets that have minimum input in signal reconstruction, but also to compute the maximum mean-square errors of reconstruction for a particular compression ratio and to analyze efficacy of different wavelets based on that criterion.
Atmospheric blocking during three unusual winter months is studied by multiresolution analysis and a wavelet based adaptation of traditional Fourier series based energetics. We demonstrate that blocking, in part a lar...
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ISBN:
(纸本)0819422134
Atmospheric blocking during three unusual winter months is studied by multiresolution analysis and a wavelet based adaptation of traditional Fourier series based energetics. We demonstrate that blocking, in part a large and localized meteorological phenomenon, is largely described by just the largest scale part of the multiresolution analysis. New forms of the transfer functions of kinetic energy with the mean and eddy parts of the atmospheric circulation are introduced. These quantify the spatially localized conversion of energy between scales. A new accounting method for wavelet indexed transfers permits the introduction of a physically meaningful localized scale flux function. These techniques are applied to the data, and some support is found for the hypothesis that blocking is partially maintained by an inverse cascade.
A large number of terrain images were taken at Aberdeen Proving Grounds, some containing ground vehicles. Is it possible to screen the images for possible targets in a short amount of time using the fractal dimension ...
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ISBN:
(纸本)0819422134
A large number of terrain images were taken at Aberdeen Proving Grounds, some containing ground vehicles. Is it possible to screen the images for possible targets in a short amount of time using the fractal dimension to detect texture variations. The fractal dimension is determined using the wavelet transform for these visual images. The vehicles are positioned within the grass and in different locations. Since it has been established that natural terrain exhibits a statistical l/f self-similarity property and the psychophysical perception of roughness can be quantified by the same self-similarity, fractal dimensions estimates should vary only at texture boundaries and breaks in the tree and grass patterns. Breaks in the patterns are found using contour plots of the dimension estimates and are considered as perceptual texture variations. Variation in the dimension estimate is considered more important than the accuracy of the actual dimensions number. Accurate variation estimates are found even with low resolution images.
This paper proposes a feature extraction method to effectively handle the textural characteristics in images with defects in cold rolled strips. An adaptive wavelet packet scheme is developed to produce the optimum nu...
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ISBN:
(纸本)0780332598
This paper proposes a feature extraction method to effectively handle the textural characteristics in images with defects in cold rolled strips. An adaptive wavelet packet scheme is developed to produce the optimum number of features automatically through subband coding gain. Also four classical entropy features in the images with defects are used as local features in the spatial domain. A neural network is used to classify the defects from these features. Experiments with real image data show good training and generalization performances of the proposed method.
The goal of this paper is to describe a simple receiver with good performance for multipath communications channels. The new receiver is 'almost' invariant or robust to the multipath channel distortion. It pre...
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ISBN:
(纸本)0819422134
The goal of this paper is to describe a simple receiver with good performance for multipath communications channels. The new receiver is 'almost' invariant or robust to the multipath channel distortion. It preserves the simplicity of a traditional receiver-correlator receiver and at the same time approximates the computational intensive subspace receiver which is maximally invariant. The maximally invariant test statistic is the energy of the orthogonal projection of the received signal on the multipath signal subspace S. Calculating this orthogonal projection directly is a difficult multi-dimensional nonlinear optimization problem. Instead, we design a representation subspace G to approximate S. The gap metric is used as the measure between subspaces. The gap metric is closely related to the principle angles between subspaces. wavelet multiresolution tools are called upon to facilitate the subspace design. Once we have designed the representation subspace G, we use the energy of the orthogonal projection of the received signal on G as the new test statistic. Simulation results demonstrate the robustness of the new receiver.
An algorithm is developed for wavelet based multiresolution reconstruction of a function directly from its fan beam projections. The algorithm uses the locality of wavelet and scaling functions to reconstruct a local ...
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ISBN:
(纸本)0780332598
An algorithm is developed for wavelet based multiresolution reconstruction of a function directly from its fan beam projections. The algorithm uses the locality of wavelet and scaling functions to reconstruct a local region of interest with reduced exposure. In other words, our algorithm saves the radiation exposure in the cases where only a local region of the cross section of a body is to be reconstructed. For example, in order to reconstruct a region of 16 pixels in radius in a 256×256 image, our method can reduce the x-ray dosage down to 22% of full exposure.
In speckled radar images, filtering must achieve a tradeoff between smoothing of homogeneous areas and edge and texture preservation. Multiscale analysis splits up the image information content, such as edges and text...
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ISBN:
(纸本)0819422134
In speckled radar images, filtering must achieve a tradeoff between smoothing of homogeneous areas and edge and texture preservation. Multiscale analysis splits up the image information content, such as edges and texture, according to a scale factor by successive lowpass and highpass filterings followed by downsampling. The speckle noise is present on each downsampled image. Each image level is then filtered in order to reduce the speckle noise. High frequency images are processed by median filtering or spatial filtering, or by using a threshold. On low frequency images a distinction is made between homogeneous areas, textural areas and areas including edges according to the values of the variation coefficient. Each class is processed differently. A Wiener filter including a multiplicative noise hypothesis for the speckle is used for textured areas. For homogeneous areas the pixel value is simply replaced by the mean value. For areas containing edges, the pixel value is let unchanged. The filtered image is finally obtained y synthesis from these images. This algorithm has been applied to an ERS1 image.
One of the major contributions of electroencephalography has been its application in the diagnosis and clinical evaluation of epilepsy. The interpretation of the EEG is achieved through visual inspection by a trained ...
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ISBN:
(纸本)0819422134
One of the major contributions of electroencephalography has been its application in the diagnosis and clinical evaluation of epilepsy. The interpretation of the EEG is achieved through visual inspection by a trained electroencephalographer. However, descriptions of rules used during the visual analysis of data are often subjective and can vary from one reader to another. Computerized methods are a means to standardize this process. In recent years, much effort has been made to develop such methods that can characterize different interictal, ictal, and postictal stages. the main issue of whether there exists a preictal phenomenon remains unresolved. In the present study we address this issue making use of specifically designed and trained recurrent neural networks in conjunction with signalwavelet decomposition technique. The purpose of this combined consideration was to demonstrate the potential for seizure prediction by up to several minutes prior to its onset.
A discrete scaled Gabor representation (SRG) is developed to meet the requirements of localized and refined time- frequency representation of signals. SGR generalizes the metaplectic structure by using windows' tr...
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ISBN:
(纸本)0819422134
A discrete scaled Gabor representation (SRG) is developed to meet the requirements of localized and refined time- frequency representation of signals. SGR generalizes the metaplectic structure by using windows' translation, modulation and dilation as synthesis waveforms. Fundamental features and importance of SGRs are discussed. We derive fast algorithms for the computation of related analysis sequences at different scales. An example of using SGRs for refined time-frequency representation is also demonstrated. A significant feature of SGRs also lies in the fact that they can be realized in a parallel FFT-based implementation structure.
Conventional metrics used to quantify signals in noise/hearing research are primarily derived from time- averaged energy and spectral analyses. Such metrics, while appropriate for Gaussian signals, are of limited valu...
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ISBN:
(纸本)0819422134
Conventional metrics used to quantify signals in noise/hearing research are primarily derived from time- averaged energy and spectral analyses. Such metrics, while appropriate for Gaussian signals, are of limited value in more complex sound environments. Many of the sounds encountered in industrial/military environments have non- Gaussian and nonstationary distributed waveforms. These signals may have the same energy and spectra as those of a continuous Gaussian signal, yet they can produce very different effects on the auditory system. This result has led to efforts to develop additional metrics, incorporating the temporal characteristics of a signal, that could be useful in evaluating hazardous acoustic environments. Previous research suggests that frequency domain kurtosis (FDK) may be useful in such an application. This paper shows that good estimates of FDK can be obtained from an application of the wavelet transform. The wavelet transform, which has features in common with the cochlear micromechanical analysis of a signal, will reflect the temporal variations of the frequency components in a signal. A signal is decomposed by the wavelet transform on a logarithmic scale, and then the fourth-order kurtosis estimates are computed across the different octave bands from the wavelet transform results. Complex signals whose effects on hearing are known, and which are similar to realistic industrial noises, are used as model signals from which the FDK metric is extracted using the wavelet transform. Animal model experiments have shown that FDK is highly correlated with both the frequency specificity of hearing loss and the severity of trauma. Use of the wavelet transform to obtain an FDK metric lends itself to incorporation into digital analysis systems that may be useful in the assessment of complex noises for hearing conservation purposes.
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