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Study of Camera Calibration Process with Ray Tracing 15

Study of Camera Calibration Process with Ray Tracing

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Conference on current developments in lens design and optical engineering XV

作者： Poulin-Girard, A. -S. Dallaire, X. Veillette, A. Thibault, S. Laurendeau, D. Univ Laval Dept Phys Genie Phys & Opt Ctr Opt Photon & Laser Quebec City PQ G1V 0A6 Canada Univ Laval Dept gen elect & gen informat Lab vision & syst numer Quebec City G1V 0A6 PQ Canada

ISBN: (纸本)9781628412192

Camera calibration is essential for any optical system used to obtain 3D measurements from images. The precision of the 3D depth estimation relies on an appropriate camera model and the accurate estimation of model parameters. These parameters are sensitive to environmental conditions and it is well established that a vision system should be calibrated in operating conditions. This is not always possible since the calibration process is often tedious and time-consuming. Unfortunately, the use of poorly estimated calibration parameters for 3D reconstruction and measurements may lead to suboptimal performance of the system and inaccurate depth estimation. This paper presents a technique using an existing camera model and optical design software to perform calibration simulations. This virtual calibration technique allows for a study of the impact of environmental conditions on the calibration parameters. Using this procedure, it is also possible to predict the statistical behavior of the calibration parameters considering the chosen fabrication processes and tolerances. It can assist vision scientists in the choice of the optical system that best meets the requested precision of the 3D reconstruction. This technique could eventually be integrated in the lens design process to create more reliable optical systems that could be calibrated and used in a range of environmental conditions with a very small variation of their calibration parameters.

关键词： Camera calibration optical design software tolerancing lens design

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optical performance analysis of plenoptic camera systems 15

Optical performance analysis of plenoptic camera systems

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Conference on current developments in lens design and optical engineering XV

作者： Langguth, Christin Oberdoerster, Alexander Brueckner, Andreas Wippermann, Frank Braeuer, Andreas Fraunhofer Inst Appl Opt & Precis Engn D-07745 Jena Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9781628412192

Adding an array of microlenses in front of the sensor transforms the capabilities of a conventional camera to capture both spatial and angular information within a single shot. This plenoptic camera is capable of obtaining depth information and providing it for a multitude of applications, e.g. artificial re-focusing of photographs. Without the need of active illumination it represents a compact and fast optical 3D acquisition technique with reduced effort in system alignment. Since the extent of the aperture limits the range of detected angles, the observed parallax is reduced compared to common stereo imaging systems, which results in a decreased depth resolution. Besides, the gain of angular information implies a degraded spatial resolution. This trade-off requires a careful choice of the optical system parameters. We present a comprehensive assessment of possible degrees of freedom in the design of plenoptic systems. Utilizing a custom-built simulation tool, the optical performance is quantified with respect to particular starting conditions. Furthermore, a plenoptic camera prototype is demonstrated in order to verify the predicted optical characteristics.

关键词： plenoptic camera depth of field depth resolution optical performance analysis customized microlens array

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Near-infrared imaging equipment that detects small organic substances in thick foods 15

Near-infrared imaging equipment that detects small organic s...

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Conference on current developments in lens design and optical engineering XV

作者： Phetchalern, Souphaphone Tashima, Hiroto Ishii, Yuya Ishiyama, Takeshi Arai, Shinichi Fukuda, Mitsuo Toyohashi Univ Technol Dept Elect & Elect Engn Toyohashi Aichi 4418580 Japan

ISBN: (纸本)9781628412192

We have developed near-infrared imaging equipment that can detect small organic substances in foodstuffs with thicknesses of more than 1 mm. The equipment is composed of a high output laser diode and a CMOS camera. The irradiated light power distribution was highly uniform with a maximum optical density of 1.3 W/cm(2). A 0.3-mm-diameter wooden stick covered with a 2-mm-thick layer of ham can easily be distinguished in the images. The bones in fish and in chicken wing sticks could also be distinguished. The thicknesses of the fish and the chicken wing sticks were approximately 30 mm and 20 mm, respectively. We eliminated the low spatial frequency components from the images to improve the image contrast.

关键词： near-IR imaging optical equipment food contaminant detection foreign substance spatial frequency filter

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Conception of a cheap infrared camera using a Fresnel lens 15

Conception of a cheap infrared camera using a Fresnel lens

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Conference on current developments in lens design and optical engineering XV

作者： Grulois, Tatiana Druart, Guillaume Guerineau, Nicolas Crastes, Arnaud Sauer, Herve Chavel, Pierre Off Natl Etud & Rech Aerosp French Aerosp Lab Chemin Huniere F-91127 Palaiseau France ULIS ZI Iles Cordees F-38113 Voroize France CNRS Inst Opt Lab Charles Fabry F-91127 Palaiseau France

ISBN: (纸本)9781628412192

Today huge efforts are made in the research and industrial areas to design compact and cheap uncooled infrared optical systems for low-cost imagery applications. Indeed, infrared cameras are currently too expensive to be widespread. If we manage to cut their cost, we expect to open new types of markets. In this paper, we will present the cheap broadband microimager we have designed. It operates in the long-wavelength infrared range and uses only one silicon lens at a minimal cost for the manufacturing process. Our concept is based on the use of a thin optics. Therefore inexpensive unconventional materials can be used because some absorption can be tolerated. Our imager uses a thin Fresnel lens. Up to now, Fresnel lenses have not been used for broadband imagery applications because of their disastrous chromatic properties. However, we show that working in a high diffraction order can significantly reduce chromatism. A prototype has been made and the performance of our camera will be discussed. Its characterization has been carried out in terms of modulation transfer function (MTF) and noise equivalent temperature difference (NETD). Finally, experimental images will be presented.

关键词： Thermal imaging microbolometers diffractive lenses low-cost applications

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Overview of Diffraction Gratings Technologies for Space-flight Satellites and Astronomy 15

Overview of Diffraction Gratings Technologies for Space-flig...

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Conference on current developments in lens design and optical engineering XV

作者： Cotel, Arnaud Liard, Audrey Desserouer, Frederic Bonnemason, Francis Pichon, Pierre HORIBA Jobin Yvon SAS F-91165 Longjumeau France

ISBN: (纸本)9781628412192

The diffraction gratings are widely used in Space-flight satellites for spectrograph instruments or in ground-based telescopes in astronomy. The diffraction gratings are one of the key optical components of such systems and have to exhibit very high optical performances. HORIBA Jobin Yvon S.A.S. (part of HORIBA Group) is in the forefront of such gratings development for more than 40 years. During the past decades, HORIBA Jobin Yvon (HJY) has developed a unique expertise in diffraction grating design and manufacturing processes for holographic, ruled or etched gratings. We will present in this paper an overview of diffraction grating technologies especially designed for space and astronomy applications. We will firstly review the heritage of the company in this field with the space qualification of different grating types. Then, we will describe several key grating technologies developed for specific space or astronomy projects: ruled blazed low groove density plane reflection grating, holographic blazed replica plane grating, high-groove density holographic toroidal and spherical grating and transmission Fused Silica Etched (FSE) grism-assembled grating.

关键词： Holographic Ruled Blazed Diffraction Gratings optical Components Low stray light Diffraction Efficiency Reflection Grating

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Multi-aperture microoptical system for close-up imaging 15

Multi-aperture microoptical system for close-up imaging

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Conference on current developments in lens design and optical engineering XV

作者： Berlich, Rene Brueckner, Andreas Leitel, Robert Oberdoerster, Alexander Wippermann, Frank Braeuer, Andreas Fraunhofer Inst Appl Opt & Precis Engn D-07745 Jena Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9781628412192

Modern applications in biomedical imaging, machine vision and security engineering require close-up optical systems with high resolution. Combined with the need for miniaturization and fast image acquisition of extended object fields, the design and fabrication of respective devices is extremely challenging. Standard commercial imaging solutions rely on bulky setups or depend on scanning techniques in order to meet the stringent requirements. Recently, our group has proposed a novel, multi-aperture approach based on parallel image transfer in order to overcome these constraints. It exploits state of the art microoptical manufacturing techniques on wafer level in order to create a compact, cost-effective system with a large field of view. However, initial prototypes have so far been subject to various limitations regarding their manufacturing, reliability and applicability. In this work, we demonstrate the optical design and fabrication of an advanced system, which overcomes these restrictions. In particular, a revised optical design facilitates a more efficient and economical fabrication process and inherently improves system reliability. An additional customized front side illumination module provides homogeneous white light illumination over the entire field of view while maintaining a high degree of compactness. Moreover, the complete imaging assembly is mounted on a positioning system. In combination with an extended working range, this allows for adjustment of the system's focus location. The final optical design is capable of capturing an object field of 36x24 mm(2) with a resolution of 150 cycles/mm. Finally, we present experimental results of the respective prototype that demonstrate its enhanced capabilities.

关键词： Multi-aperture imaging microoptics multi-channel optical design image sensors

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Consumer electronic optics: How small can a lens be: The case of panomorph lenses 15

Consumer electronic optics: How small can a lens be: The cas...

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current developments in lens design and optical engineering XV

作者： Thibault, Simon Parent, Jocelyn Zhang, Hu Du, Xiaojun Roulet, Patrice COPL Université Laval QC Canada ImmerVision 2020 University QCH3A 2A5 Canada

ISBN: (纸本)9781628412192

In 2014, miniature camera modules are applied to a variety of applications such as webcam, mobile phone, automotive, endoscope, tablets, portable computers and many other products. Mobile phone cameras are probably one of the most challenging parts due to the need for smaller and smaller total track length (TTL) and optimized embedded image processing algorithms. As the technology is developing, higher resolution and higher image quality, new capabilities are required to fulfil the market needs. Consequently, the lens system becomes more complex and requires more optical elements and/or new optical elements. What is the limit? How small an injection molded lens can be? We will discuss those questions by comparing two wide angle lenses for consumer electronic market. The first lens is a 6.56 mm (TTL) panoramic (180° FOV) lens built in 2012. The second is a more recent (2014) panoramic lens (180° FOV) with a TTL of 3.80 mm for mobile phone camera. Both optics are panomorph lenses used with megapixel sensors. Between 2012 and 2014, the development in design and plastic injection molding allowed a reduction of the TTL by more than 40%. This TTL reduction has been achieved by pushing the lens design to the extreme (edge/central air and material thicknesses as well as lens shape). This was also possible due to a better control of the injection molding process and material (low birefringence, haze and thermal stability). These aspects will be presented and discussed. During the next few years, we donâ€™t know if new material will come or new process but we will still need innovative people and industries to push again the limits. © 2014 SPIE.

关键词： Plastic lenses

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Research on properties of an infrared imaging diffractive element 15

Research on properties of an infrared imaging diffractive el...

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Conference on current developments in lens design and optical engineering XV

作者： Rachon, M. Wegrzynska, K. Doch, M. Kolodziejczyk, A. Siemion, A. Suszek, J. Kakarenko, K. Sypek, M. Warsaw Univ Technol Fac Phys PL-00662 Warsaw Poland

ISBN: (纸本)9781628412192

Novel thermovision imaging systems having high efficiency require very sophisticated optical components. This paper describes the diffractive optical elements which are designed for the wavelengths between 8 and 14 mu m for the application in the FLIR cameras. In the current paper the authors present phase only diffractive elements manufactured in the etched gallium arsenide. Due to the simplicity of the manufacturing process only binary phase elements were designed and manufactured. Such solution exhibits huge chromatic aberration. Moreover, the performance of such elements is rather poor, which is caused by two factors. The first one is the limited diffraction efficiency (c.a. 40%) of binary phase structures. The second problem lies in the Fresnel losses coming from the reflection from the two surfaces (around 50%). Performance of this structures is limited and the imaging contrast is poor. However, such structures can be used for relatively cheap practical testing of the new ideas. For example this solution is sufficient for point spread function (PSF) measurements. Different diffractive elements were compared. The first one was the equivalent of the lens designed on the basis of the paraxial approximation. For the second designing process, the non-paraxial approach was used. It was due to the fact that f/# was equal to 1. For the non-paraxial designing the focal spot is smaller and better focused. Moreover, binary phase structures suffer from huge chromatic aberrations. Finally, it is presented that non-paraxially designed optical element imaging with extended depth of focus (light-sword) can suppress chromatic aberration and therefore it creates the image not only in the image plane.

关键词： infrared diffractive optics extended depth of focus Light Sword optical Element

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Manufacturing of Freeform Mirror by Milling and Altering its optical Characteristics by Ns-laser Polishing and ALD Coatings 15

Manufacturing of Freeform Mirror by Milling and Altering its...

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Conference on current developments in lens design and optical engineering XV

作者： Mutanen, Jarkko Kaakkunen, Jarno J. J. Tuovinen, Hemmo Hiltunen, Jouni Kivi, Sini Toiviainen, Maunu Vayrynen, Juha Laukkanen, Janne Prokofiev, Victor Paakkonen, Pertti Juuti, Mikko Kuittinen, Markku Monkkonen, Kari Univ Eastern Finland Inst Photon POB 111 FI-80101 Joensuu Finland BVTT Tech Res Ctr Finland Consolidat & Laser Technol FI-53851 Lappeenranta Finland CVTT Tech Res Ctr Finland FI-70211 Kuopio Finland Karelia Univ Appl Sci Centre Business & Engn FI-80200 Joensuu Finland

ISBN: (纸本)9781628412192

In this study we tested ns-laser and an atomic layer deposition (ALD) for polishing and coating CNC-machined aluminum freeform mirrors that are used in a compact multipoint fiber optical probe. Two types of ALD coatings, aluminum oxide and silicon dioxide were tested. The surface roughness of mirrors was analyzed prior to and after nanosecond-laser polishing and coating them on a Beneq TFS 200 ALD device. The freeform aluminum mirrors with and without coatings were then measured with optical profiler. The results show that improvement in the surface roughness can be seen with ns-laser polished and ALD coated aluminum surfaces.

关键词： Diamond turning ns-laser polishing atomic layer deposition freeform optics

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Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for optical engineering

Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical ...

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current developments in lens design and optical engineering XV

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