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检索条件"任意字段=Current Developments in Lens Design and Optical Engineering IX"

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Micro-optical elements for optical wireless applications

Micro-optical elements for optical wireless applications

引用

Conference on current developments in lens design and optical engineering XIV

作者： Jin, Xian Guerrero, Daniel Klukas, Richard Holzman, Jonathan F. Univ British Columbia Sch Engn Integrated Opt Lab Kelowna BC V1V 1V7 Canada Univ British Columbia Sch Engn Posit & Navigat Signal Proc Lab Kelowna BC V1V 1V7 Canada

ISBN: (纸本)9780819496911

Customized high-contact-angle microlenses are presented for optical wireless communication (OWC) and optical wireless location (OWL) applications. These microlenses are fabricated by way of an electro-dispensing technique to establish wide field-of-views (FOVs). Each microlens is formed from dispensed UV-curable polymer with pressure-control defining the microlens volume and a voltage on the metal needle tip defining the microlens shape (by way of electrowetting). UV curing is then applied. Microlenses with FOVs up to 90 degrees are fabricated for high-density integration above a CMOS imaging sensor for wide-FOV operation in emerging OWC and OWL applications. Both theoretical ray-tracing analyses and experimental imaging results are presented with good agreement.

关键词： electro-dispensing field-of-view imaging sensor microlens optical wireless numerical aperture

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design, fabrication, and metrology of polymer gradient-index lenses for high-performance eyepieces

Design, fabrication, and metrology of polymer gradient-index...

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Conference on current developments in lens design and optical engineering XIV

作者： Corsetti, James A. Visconti, Anthony J. Fang, Kejia McCarthy, Peter Schmidt, Greg R. Moore, Duncan T. Univ Rochester Inst Opt Rochester NY 14627 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9780819496911

High-performance eyepiece designs have been carried out using both spherical and radial gradient-index (GRIN) elements. Eyepiece designs of both geometries are shown to offer superior imaging performance with fewer elements when compared to purely homogeneous systems. These GRIN lenses are formed from monomer diffusion between polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) and polystyrene (PSTY) during the polymerization process, resulting in a copolymer of the two homogeneous materials. A process for fabricating spherical GRIN elements is discussed where copolymer axial GRIN blanks are thermally compressed using spherical surface molds. This process curves the nominally-straight isoindicial surfaces of the axial GRIN rod to be consistent with the shape found during optimization of the design. Once compressed, the spherical blanks are diamond-turned for final surface figure and finish. Measurement of the GRIN profile is carried out using the Schmidt immersion technique in a Mach-Zehnder interferometer. Tolerances specific to GRIN elements are identified and determined to be readily achievable using the aforementioned manufacturing process.

关键词： Gradient-index spherical gradient-index polymer optics optical design eyepiece methyl methacrylate styrene

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The multichannel spectral device with transmitting analyzed optical signals by the optical fiber for the liquid propellant rocket engine diagnostics

The multichannel spectral device with transmitting analyzed ...

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Conference on current developments in lens design and optical engineering XIV

作者： Vaganov, Mikhail A. Moskaletz, Oleg D. St Petersburg State Univ Aerosp Instrumentat Dept Elect & Opt Commun St Petersburg 190000 Russia

ISBN: (纸本)9780819496911

Recently spectroscopic methods of diagnostics of the liquid propellant rocket engines for prevention of emergencies become topical. Such diagnostics is based on tracking appearance of spectral lines of engine's constructional materials in spectrum of rocket plume radiation and glow dynamics of these lines. The multichannel optical spectral device considered in this paper makes the contactless spectrum analysis of optical radiations that allows to use this spectral device for diagnostics of the liquid propellant rocket engines. The novelty of this spectral device lies in application of the fiber-optical bundle and N parallel channels of the spectrum analysis [1]. Each channel contains the narrow-band optical filtration which has been set on the certain wave length. The fiber-optical bundle is used for transmitting analyzed optical radiation on a safe distance for the device from the rocket engine. This method of the contactless rocket engine diagnostics allows to except a direct contact of the spectral device with the field of rocket blast radiation and to eliminate negative influence of the engine on the spectral device, for example the acoustic impact.

关键词： Diagnostics of the rocket engines spectroscopic methods liquid propellant rocket engine spectrum of rocket plume radiation multichannel spectral device contactless spectrum analysis fiber-optical bundle narrow-band optical filter

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design of Wearable Binoculars with On-Demand Zoom

Design of Wearable Binoculars with On-Demand Zoom

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Conference on current developments in lens design and optical engineering XIV

作者： Boye, Robert R. Goeke, Ronald S. Hunt, Jeffery P. Ison, Aaron M. Jared, Bradley H. Pillars, Jamin R. Saavedra, Michael P. Sweatt, William C. Yelton, W. Graham Winrow, Edward G. Wolfley, Steve L. Sandia Natl Labs Albuquerque NM 87185 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9780819496911

Sandia has developed an optical design for wearable binoculars utilizing freeform surfaces and switchable mirrors. The goals of the effort included a design lightweight enough to be worn by the user while providing a useful field of view and magnification as well as non-mechanical switching between normal and zoomed vision. Sandia's approach is a four mirror, off-axis system taking advantage of the weight savings and chromatic performance of a reflective system. The system incorporates an electrochromic mirror on the final surface before the eye allowing the user to switch between viewing modes. Results from a prototype of a monocular version with 6.6x magnification will be presented. The individual mirrors, including three off-axis aspheres and one true freeform, were fabricated using a diamond-turning based process. A slow-slide servo process was used for the freeform element. Surface roughness and form measurement of the freeform mirror will be presented as well as the expected impact on performance. The alignment and assembly procedure will be reviewed as well as the measured optical performance of the prototype. In parallel to the optical design work, development of an electrochromic mirror has provided a working device with faster switching than current state of the art. Switchable absorbers have been demonstrated with switching times less than 0.5 seconds. The deposition process and characterization of these devices will be presented. Finally, details of an updated optical design with additional freeform surfaces will be presented as well as plans for integrating the electrochromic mirror into the system.

关键词： Freeform optics Head-mounted optics Diamond-turning Reflective optics Electrochromic Switchable mirror

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Ionic polymer metal composite to achieve optical zoom function in a compact camera

Ionic polymer metal composite to achieve optical zoom functi...

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Conference on current developments in lens design and optical engineering XIV

作者： Chen, Wei-Hsiang Su, Guo-Dung Natl Taiwan Univ Grad Inst Photon & Optoelect Taipei 106 Taiwan

ISBN: (纸本)9780819496911

Nowadays, there are many popular electronic devices consist of optical focus zooming systems. It is the trend to minimize optical systems in portable devices. For this purpose, we used deformable mirrors in optical systems that can make them thinner and lighter. The Ionic-Polymer Metal Composite (IPMC) is the critical component in our design of the deformable mirror. It has good bending feature and can be driven at low voltage (less than 5 volts). The IPMC fabrication processes contain three steps: acid clean, initial compositing process and surface electrode plating process. After the IPMC is completed, we coated the PDMS on the surface to improve the surface roughness. Then we deposit silver on one side as a reflective surface to finish our deformable mirror. Some characteristics of the IPMC deformable mirror would be demonstrated in the paper. By coating the PDMS on the IPMC surface, the surface roughness can be reduced to about 20 nm. The reflection of the silver layer is up to 90%. In our design, we make the reflective optical zoom module which consists of three biconic mirrors and two deformable mirrors. When we applied voltages on deformable mirrors, the reflective light is successfully focused after the deformation of elliptic IPMC. The zoom ratio of this module can be expected to 1.8 times. The deformable mirror can be changed from flat to 65 diopters (m(-1)) by about 3 volts.

关键词： ionic polymer metal composite (IPMC) polydimethyl siloxane (PDMS) deformable mirror

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optical Architecture of the new generation Infrared Atmospheric Sounder Interferometer (IASI-NG)

Optical Architecture of the new generation Infrared Atmosphe...

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Conference on current developments in lens design and optical engineering XIV

作者： Luitot, Clement Boyadjian, Joel Buil, Christian Pasternak, Frederick Ctr Natl Etud Spatiales 18 Ave Edouard Belin F-31401 Toulouse France Astrium SAS F-31402 Toulouse France

ISBN: (纸本)9780819496911

The Infrared Atmospheric Sounder Interferometer (IASI) is a Fourier Transform Spectrometer (FTS) working in the [3.6 mu m, 15.5 mu m] range, dedicated to Numerical Weather Prediction (NWP), atmospheric chemistry and climate monitoring. The second flight model (2 out of 3) is now in orbit and operational, as a payload of the MetOp-B satellite. A new generation of instrument (IASI-NG) to continue the IASI mission with increased performances is currently investigated by the French Space Agency (CNES). The performance objective is mainly a spectral resolution and a radiometric error divided by two compared with the IASI ones. Many different concepts of FTS were studied to try to fulfill these challenging requirements. This paper presents the different envisaged optical architecture and associated trade off. The major issue of the concept is to manage the so-called self-apodization of the interferogram and the associated degradation of the spectral resolution induced by the wider Field of View (FoV) and the longer optical Path Difference (OPD). Increasing these two quantities have very constraining consequences on the optical architecture. Another critical point is the control of straylight which is quite severe and which has been taken into account early in the optical design. To assess the performances of the interferometer, different optical models were built combining analytical approach with ray tracing technics. We will describe the impacts of the demanding spectral requirements on the optical components and our analyses based on these models will be presented.

关键词： FTS Interferometer IASI IASI-NG self-apodization straylight

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Fabrication of subcutaneous veins phantom for Vessel visualization system

Fabrication of subcutaneous veins phantom for Vessel visuali...

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Conference on current developments in lens design and optical engineering XIV

作者： Cheng, Kai Narita, Kazuyuki Morita, Yusuke Nakamachi, Eiji Honda, Norihiro Awazu, Kunio Doshisha Univ Dept Med Engn 1-3 Miyakodani Kyotanabe Kyoto 6100394 Japan Osaka Univ Ctr Adv Med Engn & Informat Suita Osaka 5650871 Japan

ISBN: (纸本)9780819496911

The technique of subcutaneous veins imaging by using NIR (Near Infrared Radiation) is widely used in medical applications, such as the intravenous injection and the blood sampling. In the previous study, an automatic 3D blood vessel search and automatic blood sampling system was newly developed. In order to validate this NIR imaging system, we adopted the subcutaneous vein in the human arm and its artificial phantom, which imitate the human fat and blood vessel. The human skin and subcutaneous vein is characterized as the uncertainty object, which has the individual specificity, non-accurate depth information, non-steady state and hardly to be fixed in the examination apparatus. On the other hand, the conventional phantom was quite distinct from the human's characteristics, such as the non-multilayer structure, disagreement of optical property. In this study, we develop a multilayer phantom, which is quite similar with human skin, for improvement of NIR detection system evaluation. The phantom consists of three layers, such as the epidermis layer, the dermis layer and the subcutaneous fat layer. In subcutaneous fat layer, we built a blood vessel. We use the intralipid to imitate the optical scattering characteristics of human skin, and the hemoglobin and melanin for the optical absorption characteristics. In this study, we did two subjects. First, we decide the fabrication process of the phantom. Second, we compared newly developed phantoms with human skin by using our NIR detecting system, and confirm the availability of these phantoms.

关键词： NIR Vessel Visualization Phantom optical Property Skin Epidermis Dermis Subcutaneous Fat Intralipid Melanin Hemoglobin

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Radiance limits of ceramic phosphors under high excitation fluxes

Radiance limits of ceramic phosphors under high excitation f...

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Conference on current developments in lens design and optical engineering XIV

作者： Lenef, Alan Kelso, John Zheng, Yi Tchoul, Maxim OSRAM SYLVANIA Inc Corp Technol CRSL Beverly MA 01915 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9780819496911

Ceramic phosphors, excited by high radiance pump sources, offer considerable potential for high radiance conversion. Interestingly, thermodynamic arguments suggest that the radiance of the luminescent spot can even exceed that of the incoming light source. In practice, however, thermal quenching and (non-thermal) optical saturation limit the maximum attainable radiance of the luminescent source. We present experimental data for Ce:YAG and Ce:GdYAG ceramics in which these limits have been investigated. High excitation fluxes are achieved using laser pumping. optical pumping intensities exceeding 100W/mm(2) have been shown to produce only modest efficiency depreciation at low overall pump powers because of the short Ce3+ lifetime, although additional limitations exist. When pump powers are higher, heat-transfer bottlenecks within the ceramic and heat-sink interfaces limit maximum pump intensities. We find that surface temperatures of these laser-pumped ceramics can reach well over 150 degrees C, causing thermal-quenching losses. We also find that in some cases, the loss of quantum efficiency with increasing temperature can cause a thermal run-away effect, resulting in a rapid loss in converted light, possibly over-heating the sample or surrounding structures. While one can still obtain radiances on the order of many W/mm(2)/sr, temperature quenching effects ultimately limit converted light radiance. Finally, we use the diffusion-approximation radiation transport models and rate equation models to simulate some of these nonlinear optical pumping and heating effects in high-scattering ceramics.

关键词： radiance phosphors ceramics saturation thermal quenching entropy optical pumping

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Further results in measuring water ice buildup on optical components in cryogenic vacuum chambers

Further results in measuring water ice buildup on optical co...

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Conference on current developments in lens design and optical engineering XIV

作者： Moeller, Trevor M. Smith, L. Montgomery Collins, Frank G. Labello, Jesse M. Rogers, James P. Lowry, Heard S. Crider, Dustin H. Univ Tennessee Inst Space 411 BH Goethert Pkwy Tullahoma TN 37388 USA Arnold Engn Dev Complex Arnold AFB TN 37389 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9780819496911

Experiments presented in a previous paper(1) established proof-of-principle that water, the most prevalent contaminant in high-vacuum cryogenic systems, initially collects on the surfaces of optical components as a thin film of ice, and thus can be detected and its thickness measured via multiple-beam thin-film interference phenomena. In those earlier experiments, a molecular sieve zeolite in a canister external to a vacuum chamber served as a water source, while the buildup of ice was measured using a HeNe laser beam reflected off the surface of a mirror with a quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) used for verification of the mass accumulation. Additional experiments have improved upon the techniques used earlier and provided further insight into the ice accumulation process. Use of a shorter wavelength (450 nm) laser in conjunction with a first-surface gold mirror produced greater depth of modulation and thus increased signal-to-noise ratio in the light interference. Data reduction using cross-correlation analysis over single-period interference records provided more accuracy and precision in the ice thickness measurements. Ice buildup under varying pressure and temperature ranges established baseline conditions for transparent thin-film deposition, and the transition to ice fracture and specular reflection. These recent experiments have demonstrated that the optical monitoring of ice accumulation via multiple-beam interference is applicable over a wider range of mass and thicknesses than the conventionally-used QCM method.

关键词： Cryogenic contamination thin film interference

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Near-infrared imaging system for detecting small organic foreign substances in foods

Near-infrared imaging system for detecting small organic for...

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Conference on current developments in lens design and optical engineering XIV

作者： Tashima, Hiroto Genta, Tsuneaki Ishii, Yuya Ishiyama, Takeshi Arai, Shinichi Fukuda, Mitsuo Toyohashi Univ Technol Dept Elect & Elect Engn Toyohashi Aichi 4418580 Japan

ISBN: (纸本)9780819496911

Contamination of foodstuffs with foreign substances is a serious problem because it often has negative effects on consumer health. However, detection of small organic substances in foods can be difficult because they are undetectable with traditional inspection apparatus. In this work, we developed new equipment that can detect small organic contaminant substances in food at high speed using a near-infrared (NIR) imaging technique. The absorption spectra of various foods were measured, and the spectra showed low absorbance at wavelengths from 600 nm to 1150 nm. Based on the observable wavelength range of a CMOS camera, which has a high dynamic range, superluminescent diodes (SLDs) with a wavelength of 830 nm were selected as light sources. We arranged 40 SLDs on a flat panel and placed a diffusion panel over them. As a result, uniformly distributed light with an intensity of 0.26 mW/cm(2) illuminated an area of 6.0 cm x 6.0 cm. Insects (3 mm wide) and hairs (0.1 mm in diameter) were embedded in stacked ham slices and in chocolate, with a total thickness of 5 mm in each case, and the transmission images were observed. Both insects and hairs were clearly observed as dark shadows with high contrast. We also compensated the images by using software developed in this study to eliminate low spatial frequency components in the images and improve the sharpness and contrast. As a result, the foreign substances were more clearly distinguished in the 5-mm-thick ham.

关键词： NIR imaging optical equipment food detection foreign substance safety spatial frequency filter

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