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Finding order in the design landscape of simple optical systems

Finding order in the design landscape of simple optical syst...

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SPIE optical engineering + Applications

作者： Van Grol, P. Bociort, F. Van Turnhout, M. Delft University of Technology Optics Research Group Lorentzweg 1 NL - 2628 CJ Delft Netherlands

ISBN: (纸本)9780819477187

Contrary to the frequent tacit assumption that the local minima of a merit function are points scattered more or less randomly over the design landscape, we have found that, at least for simple imaging systems (doublets with three and triplets with five variables) all design shapes we have observed thus far form a strictly ordered set of points, the "fundamental network". The design shapes obtained for practical specifications with global optimization algorithms are a subset of the set of local minima in the fundamental network and are organized in a way that can be understood on the basis of the fundamental network. © 2009 Copyright SPIE - The International Society for optical engineering.

关键词： Global optimization

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Paraxial ghost image analysis

Paraxial ghost image analysis

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SPIE optical engineering + Applications

作者： Abd El-Maksoud, Rania H. Sasian, José M. College of Optical Sciences University of Arizona 1630 E. University Boulevard Tucson AZ 85721 United States

ISBN: (纸本)9780819477187

This paper develops a methodology to model ghost images that are formed by two reflections between the surfaces of a multi-element lens system in the paraxial regime. An algorithm is presented to generate the ghost layouts from the nominal layout. For each possible ghost layout, paraxial ray tracing is performed to determine the ghost Gaussian cardinal points, the size of the ghost image at the nominal image plane, the location and diameter of the ghost entrance and exit pupils, and the location and diameter for the ghost entrance and exit windows. The paraxial ghost irradiance point spread function is obtained by adding up the irradiance contributions for all ghosts. Ghost simulation results for a simple lens system are provided. This approach provides a quick way to analyze ghost images in the paraxial regime. © 2009 Copyright SPIE - The International Society for optical engineering.

关键词： Stray light

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Exact analytical design method for paraxial chromatic correction in axis-symmetric optical systems

Exact analytical design method for paraxial chromatic correc...

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SPIE optical engineering + Applications

作者： Hristov, B.A. Central Laboratory of Optical Storage and Processing of Information Bulgarian Academy of Sciences P.O.Box 95 Sofia 1113 Bulgaria

ISBN: (纸本)9780819477187

We derive and investigate an exact analytical paraxial longitudinal chromatic function for axis-symmetric optical systems. We prove the existence of two conjugate pairs of achromatic points in the object and image space of every centered optical system (in general they are two, but in some cases they can be missing or their number can be one or infinite-dimensional) and derive formulae for determination of their position in object and image spaces. On the base of this function we develop an exact analytical design method for paraxial chromatic correction in axis-symmetric optical systems. In addition we show some examples. © 2009 Copyright SPIE - The International Society for optical engineering.

关键词： optical design

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Relationships between lens performance and different sensor sizes in professional photographic still SLR cameras

Relationships between lens performance and different sensor ...

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SPIE optical engineering + Applications

作者： Mitjà, Carles Escofet, Jaume Vega, Fidel CITM/UPC Campus de Terrassa Edif. TR12 08222-Terrassa Barcelona Spain Dept. of Optics and Optometry UPC Campus de Terrassa 08222-Terrassa Barcelona Spain

ISBN: (纸本)9780819477187

current photographic still cameras, in the professional SLR step, are available in two basic sensor sizes, 16x24mm and 24x36mm and both of them can be used with the same or similar range of focal length lenses. lens aperture determines resolving power and diffraction effects and indeed, MTF function. In order to preserve an acceptable image quality level, it must be taken into account that a high lens resolving power at larger apertures can be replicated by the sensor as a false response or aliasing, while the size of the Airy disc must be related with photo receptors pitch. Provided that a standardized metric of image quality is the system MTF, this work compares different lenses resolving power as a function of aperture with the lens and system MTF;both aliasing and resolution affectations can be observed in the system MTF. lens resolving power has been measured by visual inspection of the aerial image of an USAF1951 test target through a suitable microscope. The lens PSF and MTF has been measured by means of a Shack-Hartmann optical wave front sensor. The system MTF is measured by the slanted edge method. The different experimental procedures have been applied to two professional SLR cameras equipped with the same general use lens. © 2009 Copyright SPIE - The International Society for optical engineering.

关键词： Image quality

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Efficient design process for the evaluation and control of flare in opto-mechanical systems

Efficient design process for the evaluation and control of f...

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SPIE optical engineering + Applications

作者： Zollers, Michael W. Tamkin, John M. Gregory, G. Groot Optical Research Associates 1800 W. Park Dr. Westborough MA 01581 United States Optical Research Associates 3280 E. Foothill Blvd. Pasadena CA 91107 United States

ISBN: (纸本)9780819477187

Even the best optical designs can be ruined by unwanted light: flare in the form of ghost images and veiling glare. The analysis of stray light in an opto-mechanical system is a step in the design process that is often limited to ghost image analysis by the optical designer. In many large design groups, stray light analysis is traditionally performed by optical engineers with very specialized analysis tools that are difficult to master. However, recent improvements in software packages are now offering tools that allow less experienced designers access to tool sets that can perform flare and veiling glare analysis for a substantial subset of optical design problems. This paper outlines an effective and efficient design process for determining the types and magnitudes of stray light in an optical system and demonstrates its use on an injection molded plastic lens assembly. We describe a capability that locates all of the optical paths and their relative magnitudes through an optical system and separates them into one of three categories: image path, ghost paths, or veiling glare. We then describe how to leverage this information to determine the most effective removal method for the "worst offenders". © 2009 Copyright SPIE - The International Society for optical engineering.

关键词： Injection molding

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Calculation of optical forces on a dielectric bead in a geometrically aberrated trap

Calculation of optical forces on a dielectric bead in a geom...

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SPIE optical engineering + Applications

作者： Carnicer, Artur Garnier, Denis Bosch, Salvador Juvells, Ignasi Universitat de Barcelona Departament de Física Aplicada I Òptica Martí Franquès 1 08028 Barcelona Spain

ISBN: (纸本)9780819477187

Micron-sized particles can be trapped by means of a highly focused beam;light is concentrated in a tiny spot using a high numerical aperture objective. In this communication we describe a numerical tool we have developed for obtaining the force exerted by a beam on a spherical dielectric particle in realistic conditions. The system (a water immersion microscope objective) is simulated using an optical system design software that provides the required information to feed the application. The calculation of the force is carried out using the ray-optics (Mie) approach. © 2009 Copyright SPIE - The International Society for optical engineering.

关键词： optical tweezers

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design and optimization of a collimating optical system for high divergence LED light sources

Design and optimization of a collimating optical system for ...

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SPIE optical engineering + Applications

作者： Vidal, E. Otaduy, D. González, F. Saiz, J.M. Moreno, F. Fundación Tekniker Avda. Otaola 20 20600 Eibar Guipúzcoa Spain Universidad de Cantabria Applied Physics Department Avda. de los Castros s/n 39005 Santander Spain

ISBN: (纸本)9780819477187

This paper presents the design of an efficient collimating optical system for an extended light source, namely a highbrightness high divergence light emitting diode (LED), sized 1x1mm, and viewing angle of 130°. The design lies in a catadioptric rotationally symmetrical system, which modeling and optimization has been done by specific optical design software, ZEMAX®, and its development was based on geometrical principles. The device consists of two optical systems, one for the rays emerging from the source with low numerical apertures (NA0.26. The system for rays with low NA consists of an aspherical lens system which parameters are optimized by means of standard criterion for collimation. The system for high NA rays is a combination of a hyperbolic and a parabolic mirror, being the first one the only surface shared by both system (refractive near-axis, reflective offaxis). The result of this work is a system that reaches a collection efficiency of 80% of the LED emitted light. Moreover, the beam collimation quality has been analyzed obtaining a residual divergence of less than 2°. Thus, the results achieved by the proposed optical system improve those obtained with several commercially available devices and other previously proposed systems. © 2009 Copyright SPIE - The International Society for optical engineering.

关键词： optical design

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design method of secondary optical element for LED applications

Design method of secondary optical element for LED applicati...

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SPIE optical engineering + Applications

作者： Chen, Yi-Yung Whang, Allen Jong-Woei Photonics System Simulation and Design Laboratory Department of Electronic Engineering National Taiwan University of Science and Technology Taipei 106 Taiwan Photonics System Simulation and Design Laboratory Department of Electro-Optical Engineering National Taiwan University of Science and Technology #43 Sec. 4 Keelung Rd. Taipei 106 Taiwan

ISBN: (纸本)9780819477187

Light Emitting Diode, LED, has many advantages in many lighting applications, such as general illumination, street light, and auto lamp. In general, each application needs to do secondary optical design for its specific request. A secondary optical element can be separated into refractive and reflective part. In this paper, we present a design procedure of secondary optical design with intensity distribution of LED and sequential ray tracing. The method suits the both designs of refractive and reflective parts. In the first process, we integrate the series function of intensity distribution in spherical coordinate with a range of solid angle. In the second process, we calculate the redistribution parameters of luminous flux by the geometric parameters of LED, element, and detector. In the final process, we use ray tracing method to design the optical element by aspheric surface. The surface of the refractive part in secondary optical element could be Fresnel surface for reducing the thickness of element. For proving the design procedure, we design a secondary optical element of LED by this method with an illumination request. © 2009 Copyright SPIE - The International Society for optical engineering.

关键词： Light emitting diodes

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An optical switch of natural light guiding system based on cubic structure with Fresnel surface

An optical switch of natural light guiding system based on c...

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SPIE optical engineering + Applications

作者： Chou, Kao-Hsu Chen, Yi-Yung Whang, Allen Jong-Woei Photonics System Simulation and Design Laboratory Department of Electronic Engineering National Taiwan University of Science and Technology Taipei 106 Taiwan Photonics System Simulation and Design Laboratory Department of Electro-Optical Engineering National Taiwan University of Science and Technology #43 Sec. 4 Keelung Rd. Taipei 106 Taiwan

ISBN: (纸本)9780819477187

Recently, many researches focus on illumination with sunlight for saving energy and healthy lighting. A Natural Light Guiding System has collecting, transmitting, and lighting parts. In most systems, the paths on transmitting part are fixed so the collected sunlight of the Natural Light Guiding System can not be free managed and is sometime wasted. In this paper, we design an optical switch to change the path of the collected sunlight on the transmitting sunlight. The switch is cubic structure that includes a 45 degree mirror for reflecting sunlight. According to the structure of the optical switch, we can rotate the switch to manage the path of the collected sunlight. When the path is parallel with the mirror, the sunlight will pass through the switch;and when the included angle between the path and mirror is 45 degree, we can change the path of light. For coupling the exit beam into lightpipe, we design the surfaces of cubic structure to be aspheric surface with Fresnel surface. Finally, we simulate the efficiency of the optical switch when the path is changed by the mirror. © 2009 Copyright SPIE - The International Society for optical engineering.

关键词： Lighting

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optical design of a highly segmented wide field spectrograph

Optical design of a highly segmented wide field spectrograph

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SPIE optical engineering + Applications

作者： Magrin, Demetrio Ragazzoni, Roberto Gentile, Giorgia Dima, Marco Farinato, Jacopo INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova vicolo dell'Osservatorio 35122 Padova Italy

ISBN: (纸本)9780819477187

A lot of scientific interest around both seeing limited wide field imaging and wide field spectroscopy has been shown in the recent past. Technological difficulties have indeed been identified when proposing classical prime focus corrector for 8 meters class telescopes with Field of View bigger than one degree, because of the huge opto-mechanics and of the very large arrays of detectors required. A new concept, the Smart Fast Camera, has been recently proposed: the idea behind relays on splitting the huge Field of View in smaller portions, each of them re-imaging onto a reasonable size detector a part of the scientific Field of View. In this way, one could think to build a modular instrument, with most of the components identical for each module, with the exception of the field corrector, which is of course radial dependent. In this paper, a further development of this concept, allowing for spectroscopy, is presented, applied to an existing 8 meter class telescope, the Large Binocular Telescope. A preliminary study is traced out, with the aim to find a feasible optical design for such an instrument. © 2009 Copyright SPIE - The International Society for optical engineering.

关键词： optical design

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