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Conference on current developments in lens design and optical engineering XvIII

作者： Essameldin, Mahmoud Fleischmann, Friedrich Henning, Thomas Lang, Walter Bremen Univ Appl Sci Fac Elect Engn & Comp Sci 30 Neustadtswall D-28199 Bremen Germany Univ Bremen Inst Microsensors Actuators & Syst Otto Hahn AlleeGebaude NW 1 D-28359 Bremen Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9781510612082;9781510612075

The design of a secondary optical lens for light beam shaping using the transformation method is performed by transforming the light source energy distribution using the concepts of energy conservation and light energy mapping. Using these concepts creates a dependency relation between the output optical performance and the luminous intensity distribution of the light source. This relation leads to errors on the optical performance due to the fabrication misalignment between the light source and the secondary optical lens. On the other hand, in the illumination applications, the integration method has been proved to be an efficient method for achieving a high degree of homogenized luminous intensity distribution by integrating and superimposing the light source energy over the illuminated objects. In signal lighting applications, the luminous intensity distribution must meet the requirements regarding the brightness perception of users over the spatial angular distribution, not the illumination of objects. In this paper, the integration method is combined with the transformation method to design a refractive lens-array for signal lighting applications. The difference between the two methods is described, presenting the advantages of the combination process. design procedures are explained in detail including the lens-array modeling. The optical performance is investigated using an optical ray tracing. Finally, the influence of the misalignment between the light source and the refractive lens-array is measured.

关键词： optical design Signal Lighting Beam-shaping

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design of off-axial Gregory telescope design with freeform mirror corrector 18

Design of off-axial Gregory telescope design with freeform m...

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Conference on current developments in lens design and optical engineering XvIII

作者： Bazhanov, Yu. vlakhko, v. Corp Precis Syst & Instruments 53 Aviamotornaya Str Moscow 111024 Russia Dynaoptics 8 Boon Lay Way Singapore 609964 Singapore

ISBN: (纸本)9781510612082;9781510612075

In this paper a well-known approach is used for calculation of off-axis three-mirror telescope. It includes usage of conic cross-sections properties, each of the sections forming a stigmatic image. To create a compact optical system, a flat mirror aberration corrector is introduced, which is at later stage transformed into a free-form surface in order to compensate field aberrations. Similarly, one can introduce such a corrector in finalized layout for its further optimization and getting a suitable form, including the conversion of multimirrors axial optical system into decentered one. As an example, off-axial Gregory telescope embodiment is used for infrared waveband region, due to the fact that, unlike the Cassegrain telescope, it provides a real exit pupil, and usage of the mirror corrector brings several advantages. Firstly, this feature may be used to include cold stop or adaptive mirror in the exit pupil, wherein corrector is introduced into a converging beam before the focus of the first mirror. Secondly, when placing corrector in the exit pupil of the optical system it is possible to eliminate high and low order aberrations of center point, which in turn improves optical system f-number, and minimize field aberrations. As another example, off-axial Ritchey-Chretien telescope embodiment is used as a good fit for visible region systems. Analysis and calculation results of optical systems with free-form correctors with surfaces, defined by Power polynomial series are presented in this paper. Advantages of different freeform surfaces usage depends on optical system layouts specifics.

关键词： Mirrors Telescopes Aberration theory Infrared telescopes lens design Image analysis Infrared radiation optical design optical instrument design Telescope design

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Introducing the quantum efficiency of fluorescence of SCHOTT optical glasses 18

Introducing the quantum efficiency of fluorescence of SCHOTT...

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Conference on current developments in lens design and optical engineering XvIII

作者： Jedamzik, Ralf Elsmann, Frank Engel, Axel Petzold, Uwe Pleitz, Jana Schott AG D-55122 Mainz Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9781510612082;9781510612075

The fluorescence of optical glasses is a property that needs to be taken into account in optical designs for life science applications. Many optical glasses from SCHOTT show a very low intrinsic or auto-fluorescence. The fluorescence depends mainly on the applied excitation wavelength and the optical glass type. The fluorescence of optical glasses is usually defined as the quotient of the integral of the emission spectrum with the integral of the emission spectrum of a reference glass. This definition does not give any information about the actual quantum efficiency of the fluorescence. In this presentation recent data on the integral fluorescence of SCHOTT optical glasses are presented. Additionally, first measurements of the quantum efficiency of SCHOTT optical glasses are presented and compared to the standard method.

关键词： Glasses Luminescence Quantum efficiency Biomedical optics Life sciences Space telescopes visual optics Lithography Microscopy optical design

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optical spherometer for measuring large curvature radii of convex surfaces 18

Optical spherometer for measuring large curvature radii of c...

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Conference on current developments in lens design and optical engineering XvIII

作者： Alvarado Martinez, Jorge de Jesus vazquez y Montiel, Sergio Camacho Bello, Cesar Joel Univ Politecn Tulancingo Tulancingo Hgo Mexico Univ Interserrana Estado Puebla Puebla Mexico

ISBN: (纸本)9781510612082;9781510612075

Measuring large curvature radii of convex surfaces with high precision is a challenge because the spherometer's focus must be positioned at the apex of the surface and at the center of curvature of the surface by moving the surface or the spherometer. If the radius of curvature is larger than the back focus of spherometer, then measurement is not possible. In this work, we propose to use the FOCOIvA system1 to move the focus of the spherometer in longitudinal way without modifying the f number by moving two lenses inside it, with this mechanism it is possible to measure radii of curvature of several meters in length. The curves of movement of the lenses and the optical parameters of the lenses that compose the spherometer are presented.

关键词： optical design spherometer radii of curvature convex surfaces

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optical design of an athermalised dual field of view step zoom optical system in MWIR 18

Optical design of an athermalised dual field of view step zo...

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Conference on current developments in lens design and optical engineering XvIII

作者： Kucukcelebi, Doruk Roketsan Kemalpasa Mahallesi Sehit Yuzbasi Adem Kutlu Soka TR-06780 Ankara Turkey

ISBN: (纸本)9781510612082;9781510612075

In this paper, the optical design of an athermalised dual field of view step zoom optical system in MWIR (3.7 mu m-4.8 mu m) is described. The dual field of view infrared optical system is designed based on the principle of passive athermalization method not only to achieve athermal optical system but also to keep the high image quality within the working temperature between -40 degrees C and + 60 degrees C. The infrared optical system used in this study had a 320 pixel x 256 pixel resolution, 20 mu m pixel pitch size cooled MWIR focal plane array detector. In this study, the step zoom mechanism, which has the axial motion due to consisting of a lens group, is considered to simplify mechanical structure. The optical design was based on moving a single lens along the optical axis for changing the optical system's field of view not only to reduce the number of moving parts but also to athermalize for the optical system. The optical design began with an optimization process using paraxial optics when first-order optics parameters are determined. During the optimization process, in order to reduce aberrations, such as coma, astigmatism, spherical and chromatic aberrations, aspherical surfaces were used. As a result, athermalised dual field of view step zoom optical design is proposed and the performance of the design using proposed method was verified by providing the focus shifts, spot diagrams and MTF analyzes' plots.

关键词： Dual field of view step zoom optical design paraxial optics athermalization Mid Wave Infrared (MWIR)

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高功率密度微焦斑X射线源聚焦系统的设计

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电子显微学报 2019年第2期38卷 112-117页

作者：王丽娟刘俊标赵伟霞李文萍韩立中国科学院电工研究所北京100190 中国科学院大学北京100049 北京航空航天大学北京100083

X射线源是X射线显微成像系统的核心部件,其功率密度和焦斑大小与聚焦系统密切相关。本文对高功率密度微焦斑X射线源的聚焦系统进行了优化设计,包括透镜结构设计、多透镜工作模式的选择、透镜间距优化等。本文设计了小球差系数的物镜;提... 详细信息

X射线源是X射线显微成像系统的核心部件,其功率密度和焦斑大小与聚焦系统密切相关。本文对高功率密度微焦斑X射线源的聚焦系统进行了优化设计,包括透镜结构设计、多透镜工作模式的选择、透镜间距优化等。本文设计了小球差系数的物镜;提出了由聚光镜、辅助聚光镜和物镜组成的多透镜聚焦系统,以实现系统较大的缩放比率和束流较高的传递效率;优化了透镜间距,以保证在满足系统缩放比率的前提下减小聚光镜的安匝数。最后,运用MEBS公司专业电子束计算软件,计算仿真了160 k v的加速电压下聚焦系统中透镜的场分布、电子的运动轨迹、像差、束斑分布等电子光学参量,最终得到束流为80μA,束斑为0. 9μm,功率密度优于1 W/μm^2的微束斑电子束。本文设计的聚焦系统为高功率密度微焦斑X射线源的设计和研制提供了依据。

关键词：高功率密度电子光学聚焦系统磁透镜电子束

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New tools for the design of freeform mirrors 18

New tools for the design of freeform mirrors

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Conference on current developments in lens design and optical engineering XvIII

作者： Dilworth, Donald C. Opt Syst Design Inc POB 247 East Boothbay ME 04544 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781510612082;9781510612075

Advances in manufacturing and measuring technology are making the use of freeform mirrors more practical than in the recent past. New degrees of freedom make it possible for designers to improve image quality while increasing the field of view and avoiding obscurations. But other issues arise when one designs a system with several mirrors, particularly packaging and clearance concerns: one must ensure that none of the mirrors gets in the way of the beam from any of the others, and one must consider the coordinate system in which the shapes are defined and in which they are measured, which are not necessarily the same. Addressing these concerns requires new computational tools.

关键词： Freeform aspheric mirrors beam clearance at mirrors

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Diffraction and geometrical optical transfer functions: calculation time comparison 18

Diffraction and geometrical optical transfer functions: calc...

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Conference on current developments in lens design and optical engineering XvIII

作者： Antonio Diaz, Jose Mahajan, virendra N. Univ Granada Dept Opt E-18071 Granada Spain Univ Arizona Coll Opt Sci Tucson AZ 85721 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781510612082;9781510612075

In a recent paper, we compared the diffraction and geometrical optical transfer functions (OTFs) of an optical imaging system, and showed that the GOTF approximates the DOTF within 10% when a primary aberration is about two waves or larger [Appl. Opt., 55, 3241-3250 (2016)]. In this paper, we determine and compare the times to calculate the DOTF by autocorrelation or digital autocorrelation of the pupil function, and by a Fourier transform (FT) of the point-spread function (PSF);and the GOTF by a FT of the geometrical PSF and its approximation, the spot diagram. Our starting point for calculating the DOTF is the wave aberrations of the system in its pupil plane, and the ray aberrations in the image plane for the GOTF. The numerical results for primary aberrations and a typical imaging system show that the direct integrations are slow, but the calculation of the DOTF by a FT of the PSF is generally faster than the GOTF calculation by a FT of the spot diagram.

关键词： optical transfer function aberrations geometrical OTF diffraction OTF imaging

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design of two-dimensional (crossed) grating calculation in Czerny-Turner spectrometer with usage of freeform mirrors 18

Design of two-dimensional (crossed) grating calculation in C...

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Conference on current developments in lens design and optical engineering XvIII

作者： Bazhanov, Yury Demura, Elena Cherkashina, Rasima vlahco, vadim. Corp Precis Syst & Instruments 53 Aviamotornaya Str Moscow 111024 Russia Dynaoptics 8 Boon Lay Way Singapore 609964 Singapore

ISBN: (纸本)9781510612082;9781510612075

The possibility of building a spectrometer based on a flat two-dimensional (crossed) grating is being considered. The most suitable layout for this is the Czerny-Turner, where a spectral image lies in the plane. In this paper an attempt to compensate for the transverse aberrations is made by using a diffraction grating with variable spacing grooves in both sections and aspheric mirror elements of layout, including ones having a freeform surface. Using crossed grating greatly simplifies the device layout and may be particularly effective when used in the ultraviolet and infrared regions of the spectrum, due to a small choice of transmissive materials for manufacturing spectral prisms. This paper gives examples of such case.

关键词： cross-dispersion two-dimensional (crossed) gratings Czerny-Turner spectrometers freeform mirrors

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Linear decomposition of the optical transfer function for annular pupils 18

Linear decomposition of the optical transfer function for an...

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Conference on current developments in lens design and optical engineering XvIII

作者： Schwiegerling, Jim Univ Arizona Coll Opt Sci 1630 E Univ Blvd Tucson AZ 85721 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781510612082;9781510612075

A technique for decomposing the optical Transfer Function (OTF) into a novel set of basis functions has been developed. The decomposition provides insight into the performance of optical systems containing both wavefront error and apodization, as well as the interactions between the various components of the pupil function. Previously, this technique has been applied to systems with circular pupils with both uniform illumination and Gaussian apodization. Here, systems with annular pupils are explored. In cases of annular pupil with simple defocus, analytic expressions for the OTF decomposition coefficients can be calculated. The annular case is not only applicable to optical systems with central obscurations, but the technique can be extended to systems with multiple ring structures. The ring structures can have constant area as is often found in zone plates and diffractive lenses or the rings can have arbitrary areas. Analytic expressions for the OTF decomposition coefficients again can be determined for ring structures with constant and quadratic phase variations. The OTF decomposition provides a general tool to analyze and compare a diverse set of optical systems.

关键词： optical Transfer Function Modulation Transfer Function Annular Pupils Mathematics Decomposition

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