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Conference on current developments in lens design and optical engineering XIII

作者： Hirschy, Linda Wang, Baoliang (Bob) Wolf, Jacob Lakanen, Bob Hartmann, Brittany Hinds Instruments Inc Hillsboro OR 97124 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9780819492036

Hinds Instruments has provided photoelastic modulators (PEMs) to the photonics industry for over 40 years. In the past Bob Wang, et al. from Hinds have made two presentations(,1,2) at SPIE meetings, Basic optical Properties of the Photoelastic Modulator Part I: Useful Aperture and Acceptance Angle and Part II: Residual Birefringence in the optical Element. This presentation, Part III in the series, addresses the characteristics of the PEM that vary with temperature, highlighting effects on frequency and signal drift due to retardation changes. In addition, Part III will introduce a new PEM with advanced thermal control (PEM-ATC (TM)). Data is presented that shows the increased stability of the PEM frequency and retardation signal using this new device.

关键词： photoelastic modulator PEM polarization modulation thermal stability modulation frequency

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On-Orbit Thermal Distortion and optical Performance Evaluation of FORMOSAT-5 Remote Sensing Instrument

On-Orbit Thermal Distortion and Optical Performance Evaluati...

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Conference on current developments in lens design and optical engineering XIII

作者： Chen, Ching-Wei Chen, Chia-Ray Ho, Cheng-En Yang, Mei-Yi Chang, Shenq-Tsong Huang, T. M. Natl Space Org NSPO Natl Appl Res Labs Hsinchu 300 Taiwan

ISBN: (纸本)9780819492036

FORMOSAT-5 is the first space program that National Space Organization (NSPO) takes full responsibility for the complete satellite system engineering design including payload(s). FORMOSAT-5 will operate in a sun synchronous orbit at 720-km altitude with 98.28-degree inclination angle. The optical Remote Sensing Instrument (RSI) can provide 2-m resolution panchromatic and 4-m resolution multi-spectral images. A Cassegrain type of RSI with two reflective aspheric mirrors and spherical corrector lens is designed. The space thermal environment is one of the important factors that affect the image quality of a space optical RSI. Thermal deformation of RSI structure and mirrors will impact the optical performance. Some preliminary thermal and opto-mechanical analyses are conducted. The relationship among temperature distributions, thermal deformations and image degradation of on-orbit behaviors are discussed. The thermal induced instabilities are incorporated in optical models (e.g., OSLO) by use of Zernike polynomial coefficients to calculate the system MTF and WFE. Due to different thermal environments, on-orbit optical performances depend on imaging locations. Detailed studies and discussions are done in this paper to identify the major sources of thermal deformations and their impacts on image quality.

关键词： Remote Sensing Instrument (RSI) Cassegrain telescope Zernike polynomial on-orbit MTF WFE

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Digital optical microscope as a sampled imaging system: mathematical description, camera selection and focusing

Digital optical microscope as a sampled imaging system: math...

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Conference on current developments in lens design and optical engineering XIII

作者： Borovytsky, volodymyr Nat Tech Univ Ukraine KPI Opt Eng Dept UA-03056 Kiev Ukraine

ISBN: (纸本)9780819492036

The paper presents the mathematical description of an optical microscope with a digital camera and an image processing as an analog-digital-analog imaging system. This description considers a channel of the microscope as a sequence of the linear spatial filters of two dimensional signals. The channel contains an optical system as a low frequency analog filter, a digital camera as a low frequency analog filter with spatial and amplitude discretization and noise generation, a digital linear filter which has to amplify the high frequency harmonics and a restoration unit that plays a role of a two dimensional interpolator. This mathematical apparatus is useful for proper selection of a digital camera which guarantees the maximal field of view with absence of image distortions. The terms like optimal, non-sufficient and non-useful (void) linear magnification of a microscope optical system are expanded from a visual microscopy to a digital one. This mathematical description is also applied for selection of a digital filter for focusing and digital focus extension. The modulation transfer function of this filter should match for the spatial spectrum of observed objects in the zone of spatial harmonics that is most sensitive to defocusing. In this case the maximal sensitivity to defocusing with minimization of influence of noise can be reached.

关键词： imaging system microscope digital camera focusing modulation transfer function digital filter digital focus extension

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Electrostatic Focusing System with high value of demagnification

Electrostatic Focusing System with high value of demagnifica...

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Conference on current developments in lens design and optical engineering XIII

作者： Abgaryan, Artush A. Levi, Eli AISC Inc Hauppauge NY 11788 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9780819492036

For E-beam transmission and transforming we developed an electrostatic focusing device with extraordinary demagnification and abilities for 100% transmission of an electron beam with uniform distribution of current density. This experimental electrostatic focusing system consists of two sections;the first is field formation and second is field free -for measurement space(1). The purpose of this article is to present the experimental results from our electro-optical system. The measurement instrument used in the laboratory set up is an adjustable scanning system, which includes a faraday cup with a 14um diameter tungsten wire, for measuring different cross sections. The measurement of the crossover point is based on a combination of theoretical and experimental processes. The theoretical uses calculations from the " CPO"(2) program and the experimental measures different cross sections which are much larger than the diameter of the tungsten wire. Theoretically, from trajectory calculations, the crossover point is approximately 0.446 mu m. This estimation is obtained by drawing an isosceles triangle from the experimental results and comparing it to another isosceles triangle created from the theoretically calculated trajectories. Both triangles together have a geometrically proportional ratio and differ by about one percent or less. The design of the electrostatic focusing system is achieved utilizing the CGMR (Cone and Golden Mean Ratio) approach (1, 3 and 4). This system is suitable for use in X-ray tubes(5), e-beam lithography, SEM, high speed photonic technology, and also for any EOS.

关键词： Electro-optical systems CRT EBL SEM X-Ray tube electro-vacuum devices

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Co-extruded Multilayer Films for High Capacity optical Data Storage

Co-extruded Multilayer Films for High Capacity Optical Data ...

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Conference on current developments in lens design and optical engineering XIII

作者： Christenson, Cory W. Ryan, Chris valle, Brent Saini, Anuj Lott, Joseph Johnson, Jack Schiraldi, David Weder, Christoph Baer, Eric Singer, Kenneth D. Shan, Jie Case Western Reserve Univ Dept Phys Cleveland OH 44106 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9780819492036

New approaches for optical data storage (ODS) applications are needed to meet the future requirements of applications in multimedia, archiving, security, and many others. Commercial data storage technologies are moving to three-dimensional (3D) materials, but the capacity is limited by the fabrication cost and the number of layers that can be addressed using the reflection-based storage mechanism. We demonstrate here storage systems based on co-extrusion of multilayer (ML) films that can overcome these problems. The organic roll-to-roll films produced can easily be produced hundreds of meters in length, in a far simpler and cheaper manner than current manufacturing methods such as spin coating and lamination. The medium consists of alternating active and buffer layers, and data storage is demonstrated by writing images in 23 layers of 78 mu m thick films by fluorescence (FL) quenching of an organic dye. The areal data resolution is at the diffraction limit of the CW Blu-ray (BR) laser employed, and the co-extrusion technique allows for small layer spacings, leading to a total bit density 1.2 Tb/cm(3). We anticipate materials already demonstrated successful for 3D ODS will be adapted to this technique, as well as new systems developed, to take full advantage of this medium.

关键词： optical data storage extrusion photonics organic chromophore organic polymer photobleaching

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Investigation of the optical and Structural Properties of WO₃ Thin Films with Different Sputtering Power Supplies

Investigation of the Optical and Structural Properties of WO...

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Conference on current developments in lens design and optical engineering XIII

作者： Chen, Hsi-Chao Jan, Der-Jun Chen, Chien-Han Huang, Kuo-Ting Luo, Yu-Siang Chen, Jia-Min Natl Yunlin Univ Sci & Technol Grad Sch Optoelect Yunlin 64002 Taiwan

ISBN: (纸本)9780819492036

The purpose of this research was to investigate the optical and structural properties of tungsten oxide (WO3) thin films deposited with three different sputtering power supplies: direct current (DC), DC pulse and radio frequency (RF). These WO3 thin films were deposited on ITO glass and silicon substrate with different gas ratios of oxygen and argon (O-2/Ar ratio). WO3 thin film is the role of the electrochromic window was resulted from the advantages of large variation in optical density, high response efficiency, no toxicity and low cost. The experimental results showed that optical intensity increased with the increasing of O-2/Ar ratio and all films have the 950cm(-1) peak which the bonding of W+6=O in Raman spectra. Hence, the O-2/Ar ratio was changed from 0.4 to 0.8 to study the ability of coloring and bleaching for the three different power supplies. Anyways, the WO3 thin films had the best electrochromic property at the O-2/Ar ratio of 0.7, 0.6 and 0.6 for DC, DC pulse, and RF, respectively. The transmittances could be over 75% for all films at as-deposited and the deposition rates were between 0.8 and 0.1 angstrom s(-1). Simultaneously, the transmittance variations (Delta T) were 51%, 57% and 53% for DC, DC pulse, and RF power sources at wavelength of 550 nm, respectively. The coloration ability of WO3 thin film deposition with power supply of DC pulse was better than that of the DC and RF.

关键词： Tungsten oxide (WO3) direct current (DC) magnetron sputtering pulsed DC sputtering radio frequency (RF) sputtering Raman spectra

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design and fabrication of the near-ultraviolet birefringent Solc filter for the NASA IRIS solar physics mission

Design and fabrication of the near-ultraviolet birefringent ...

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Conference on current developments in lens design and optical engineering XIII

作者： Berger, Thomas Mudge, Jason Holmes, Buck Searcy, Paul Wuelser, Jean-Pierre Lemen, James Title, Alan Adv Technol Ctr Palo Alto CA 94304 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9780819492036

The NASA Interface Region Imaging Spectrograph (IRIS) mission is a Small Explorer (SMEX) satellite mission designed to study plasma dynamics in the "interface region" between the Sun's chromosphere and corona with high spatial, spectral, and temporal resolution. The primary instrument is a dual Czerny-Turner spectrograph fed by a 20-cm Cassegrain telescope measuring near-and far-ultraviolet (NUv, FUv) spectral lines in the ranges 133-141 nm and 278-283 nm. To determine the position of the slit on the solar disk, a slit-jaw imaging system is used. The NUv slit-jaw imaging system produces high spatial resolution images at two positions in the Mg II 280 nm spectral line complex using a birefringent Solc filter with two wide-band interference pre-filters for spectral order selection. The Solc filter produces a 0.36 nm full-width at half-maximum (FWHM) filter profile with low sidelobes and a peak transmission of 15% at 279.6 nm. The filter consists of two "wire grid'' polarizers surrounding 8 quartz waveplates configured in a modified Solc "fan" rotational pattern. The elements are optically coupled using DC200 silicon-based grease. The NUv Solc filter is sealed in a windowed cell to prevent silicon contamination of the FUv channel. The design of the sealed cell and assembly of the filter into the cell were among the most challenging optomechanical aspects of the IRIS spectrograph system.

关键词： Optics imaging birefringent filter near-ultraviolet far-ultraviolet satellite systems solar spectrum

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Nanotools for Neuroscience and Brain Activity Mapping

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ACS NANO 2013年第3期7卷 1850-1866页

作者： Alivisatos, A. Paul Andrews, Anne M. Boyden, Edward S. Chun, Miyoung Church, George M. Deisseroth, Karl Donoghue, John P. Fraser, Scott E. Lippincott-Schwartz, Jennifer Looger, Loren L. Masmanidis, Sotiris McEuen, Paul L. Nurmikko, Arto v. Park, Hongkun Peterka, Darcy S. Reid, Clay Roukes, Michael L. Scherer, Axel Schnitzer, Mark Sejnowski, Terrence J. Shepard, Kenneth L. Tsao, Doris Turrigiano, Gina Weiss, Paul S. Xu, Chris Yuste, Rafael Zhuang, Xiaowei Univ Calif Berkeley Dept Chem Berkeley CA 94720 USA Univ Calif Berkeley Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab Berkeley CA 94720 USA Univ Calif Los Angeles Calif NanoSyst Inst Los Angeles CA 90095 USA Univ Calif Los Angeles Dept Psychiat Los Angeles CA 90095 USA Univ Calif Los Angeles Semel Inst Neurosci & Human Behav Dept Chem & Biochem Los Angeles CA 90095 USA MIT Dept Biol Engn Brain & Cognit Sci Media Lab Cambridge MA 02139 USA MIT McGovern Inst Cambridge MA 02139 USA Kavli Fdn Oxnard CA 93030 USA Harvard Univ Sch Med Dept Genet Boston MA 02115 USA Harvard Univ Wyss Inst Biol Inspired Engn Boston MA 02115 USA Harvard Univ Biophys Program Boston MA 02115 USA Stanford Univ Howard Hughes Med Inst Stanford CA 94305 USA Stanford Univ Dept Bioengn Stanford CA 94305 USA Stanford Univ Dept Psychiat Stanford CA 94305 USA Brown Univ Dept Comp Sci Div Engn Dept Neurosci Providence RI 02912 USA Univ So Calif Dept Biol Sci Los Angeles CA 90089 USA Univ So Calif Dept Biomed Engn Los Angeles CA 90089 USA Univ So Calif Dept Physiol & Biophys Los Angeles CA 90089 USA Univ So Calif Dept Stem Cell Biol & Regenerat Med Los Angeles CA 90089 USA Univ So Calif Dept Pediat Radiol & Ophthalmol Los Angeles CA 90089 USA Eunice Kennedy Shriver Natl Inst Child Hlth & Hum Cell Biol & Metab Program NIH Bethesda MD 20892 USA Howard Hughes Med Inst Ashburn VA 20147 USA Univ Calif Los Angeles Dept Neurobiol Los Angeles CA 90095 USA Cornell Univ Dept Phys Lab Atom & Solid State Phys Ithaca NY 14853 USA Cornell Univ Kavli Inst Cornell Nanoscale Sci Ithaca NY 14853 USA Brown Univ Dept Phys Providence RI 02912 USA Brown Univ Div Engn Providence RI 02912 USA Harvard Univ Dept Chem & Chem Biol Cambridge MA 02138 USA Harvard Univ Dept Phys Cambridge MA 02138 USA Columbia Univ Howard Hughes Med Inst New York NY 10027 USA Columbia Univ Dept Biol Sci New York NY 10027 USA Allen Inst Brain Sci Seattle WA 98103 USA CALTECH Kavli Nanosci Inst Pasadena CA 91125 USA C

Neuroscience is at a crossroads. Great effort is being invested into deciphering specific neural interactions and circuits. At the same time, there exist few general theories or principles that explain brain function. We attribute this disparity, in part, to limitations In current methodologies. Traditional neurophysiological approaches record the activities of one neuron or a few neurons at a time. Neurochemical approaches focus on single neurotransmitters. Yet, there Is an increasing realization that neural circuits operate at emergent levels, where the interactions between hundreds or thousands of neurons, utilizing multiple chemical transmitters, generate functional states. Brains function at the nanoscale, so tools to study brains must ultimately operate at this scale, as well. Nanoscience and nanotechnology are poised to provide a rich toolkit of novel methods to explore brain function by enabling simultaneous measurement and manipulation of activity of thousands or even millions of neurons. We and others refer to this goal as the Brain Activity Mapping Project. In this Nano Focus, we discuss how recent developments in nanoscale analysis tools and In the design and synthesis of nanomaterials have generated optical, electrical, and chemical methods that can readily be adapted for use in neuroscience. These approaches represent exciting areas of technical development and research. Moreover, unique opportunities exist for nanoscientists, nanotechnologists, and other physical scientists and engineers to contribute to tackling the challenging problems involved in understanding the fundamentals of brain function.

关键词： Central nervous system Circuits Electrodes Light Nanoscale

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current developments in lens design and optical engineering XII;and Advances in Thin Film Coatings vII

Current Developments in Lens Design and Optical Engineering ...

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current developments in lens design and optical engineering XII;and Advances in Thin Film Coatings vII

ISBN: (纸本)9780819487384

The proceedings contain 18 papers. The topics discussed include: linear systems formulation of image analysis in the presence of both aberrations and surface scatter;transmission losses in infrared anti-reflection coatings due to water absorption;design of a free-form lens system for short distance projection;progress in the SMS design method for imaging optics;distributed wavefront coding for wide angle imaging system;progressive addition lens design by optimizing NURBS surface;testing and design of a low-cost large scale solar simulator;effects of substrate heating and vacuum annealing on optical and electrical properties of alumina-doped ZnO films deposited by DC magnetron sputtering;and the research of relationships between residual stress and columnar angles in oblique deposition of magnesium fluoride thin films.

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Advanced optical design for DNA sequencing systems

Advanced optical design for DNA sequencing systems

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Conference on current developments in lens design and optical engineering XII/Advances in Thin Film Coatings vII

作者： Sobolev, Kirill Joobeur, Adel Uhrich, Craig Aziz, David ASML (United States) Complete Genomics Inc. (United States) Midbar West Inc. (United States)

ISBN: (纸本)9780819487384

Recent advances in DNA sequencing techniques require the development of high NA immersion microscope systems with large field-of-view, increased resolution and very tight distortion correction. This paper discusses the optical design and tolerance analysis of a NA 1.0 immersion microscope system with a field of view over 1 mm, which is to be used for four-color fluorescence spectroscopy. The microscope system includes an immersion objective lens and four tube lenses, and is corrected for a wide wavelength range from 490 nm to 712 nm. We will discuss critical aspects of designing this kind of optical system, including special glass selection required for chromatic correction.

关键词： DNA sequencing high-end microscope system lens design optical engineering

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