In order to produce an instrument or sensor design in the face of demanding environmental constraints of a spaceborne system, an integrated approach to sensor design has been developed that incorporates design tools f...
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ISBN:
(纸本)0819441554
In order to produce an instrument or sensor design in the face of demanding environmental constraints of a spaceborne system, an integrated approach to sensor design has been developed that incorporates design tools for: opticaldesign, mechanical design, structural, stray light and thermal analysis. This integrated approach can be extended to the entire payload design and its increased constraints.
Consumers nowadays have a higher expectation on cameras beyond the function of taking photos or videos. In the early years, the applications of cameras with lenses were, however, very restricted. A new generation of s...
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ISBN:
(数字)9781510637719
ISBN:
(纸本)9781510637719
Consumers nowadays have a higher expectation on cameras beyond the function of taking photos or videos. In the early years, the applications of cameras with lenses were, however, very restricted. A new generation of super wide-angle lenses capture the user's surroundings in full 360 degrees, allowing the user's friends or families to step inside our universe and experience it, live. However, for such wide angle lens coverage, the relative illumination of the lens must take the vector nature of the light into account. Consequently, the polarization of light becomes a critical parameter. Custom coatings are commonly spread on the lens surface to avoid light transmission polarization falloff. But for consumer applications, complex coating is not a practical solution because it raises cost. In this paper, we present how to take care of the polarization during the design and analysis of the lensdesign. Additionally, design tips are proposed to suppress the polarization impact.
This paper describes our experience with global lens optimization using algorithms that can modify an existing lens construction in an optimal way or create an entirely new construction. The binary-search method assem...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9780819492036
This paper describes our experience with global lens optimization using algorithms that can modify an existing lens construction in an optimal way or create an entirely new construction. The binary-search method assembles lens elements according to the bits in a binary number, ensuring that all combinations of power are tested, while the saddle-point method can either add elements to a starting lens or start from scratch. The latter algorithm also naturally leads to a method of removing an element in an optimum way, which can sometimes simplify a lens with no loss of quality.
Calcium fluoride is a desirable material for opticaldesign of space systems in the ultraviolet, visible, and infrared bands. Modem calcium fluoride materials fabricated for the photolithography industry are highly re...
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ISBN:
(纸本)0819454613
Calcium fluoride is a desirable material for opticaldesign of space systems in the ultraviolet, visible, and infrared bands. Modem calcium fluoride materials fabricated for the photolithography industry are highly resistant to space radiation. The wide wavelength band and low dispersion are also desirable properties. Unfortunately, calcium fluoride has a host of significant material property issues which hinder its use in the space environment. Low hardness, susceptibility to thermal and mechanical shock, and large coefficient of thermal expansion present significant challenges during development of opto-mechanical designs. Sandia National Laboratories Monitoring Systems and Technology Center has fielded a calcium fluoride based optical system for use in space. The Sandia design solution is based upon a spring-loaded mount which uses no volatile organic compounds. The theory of the Sandia solution is developed and design rules are presented. The Sandia design solution is illustrated for a specific example. Example design and margin calculations are shown. Finally, lessons learned from our design realization and qualification testing efforts are shared for the benefit of the community.
Analysis of aberration performance of two-mirror Cassegrain lens allowed revealing an interesting relationship between them and the central obscuration coefficient epsilon and the distance delta of the focal plane fro...
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ISBN:
(纸本)0819445347
Analysis of aberration performance of two-mirror Cassegrain lens allowed revealing an interesting relationship between them and the central obscuration coefficient epsilon and the distance delta of the focal plane from the vertex of the primary mirror and introducing the coefficient of complexity of Cassegrain lens.
Customized high-contact-angle microlenses are presented for optical wireless communication (OWC) and optical wireless location (OWL) applications. These microlenses are fabricated by way of an electro-dispensing techn...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9780819496911
Customized high-contact-angle microlenses are presented for optical wireless communication (OWC) and optical wireless location (OWL) applications. These microlenses are fabricated by way of an electro-dispensing technique to establish wide field-of-views (FOvs). Each microlens is formed from dispensed Uv-curable polymer with pressure-control defining the microlensvolume and a voltage on the metal needle tip defining the microlens shape (by way of electrowetting). Uv curing is then applied. Microlenses with FOvs up to 90 degrees are fabricated for high-density integration above a CMOS imaging sensor for wide-FOv operation in emerging OWC and OWL applications. Both theoretical ray-tracing analyses and experimental imaging results are presented with good agreement.
Most imaging systems today include a mosaic detector array in the focal plane. opticaldesigners of astronomical telescopes typically produce a design that yields a superb on-axis aerial image in the focal plane, and ...
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Most imaging systems today include a mosaic detector array in the focal plane. opticaldesigners of astronomical telescopes typically produce a design that yields a superb on-axis aerial image in the focal plane, and detector effects are included only in the analysis of the final system performance. Aplanatic opticaldesigns (corrected for spherical aberration and coma) are widely considered to be superior to nonaplanatic designs. However, there is little merit in an aplanatic design for wide-field applications because one needs to optimize some field-weighted-average measure of resolution over the desired operational field of view (OFOv). Furthermore, when used with a mosaic detector array in the focal plane, detector effects eliminate the advantage of the aplanatic design even at small field angles. For wide fields of view, the focal plane is frequently despaced to balance field curvature with defocus thus obtaining better overall performance. We will demonstrate that including detector effects in the opticaldesign process results in a different optimal (nonaplanatic) design for each OFOv that is even superior to an optimally despaced aplanatic design. (c) 2006 Society of Photo-optical Instrumentation Engineers.
This paper discusses some methodologies that apply to the opticaldesign of reflective wide-field cameras. Among the methods considered are off-axis and eccentric pupil systems, concatenation of systems, tilted compon...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9780819472809
This paper discusses some methodologies that apply to the opticaldesign of reflective wide-field cameras. Among the methods considered are off-axis and eccentric pupil systems, concatenation of systems, tilted component systems, aberration theory, and confocal systems. The goal of the paper is to review design methods. In particular some systems are shown to illustrate two methodologies.
The control systems of the miniature robots are suggested for their motion over internal surfaces inside of the small diameter tubes. The mechanical system information-measuring sensor and control systems are consider...
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ISBN:
(纸本)0819454613
The control systems of the miniature robots are suggested for their motion over internal surfaces inside of the small diameter tubes. The mechanical system information-measuring sensor and control systems are considered. Three versions of the mechanical systems are suggested: electromagnetic, triad wheels and conversion of rotation motion to translation one. The electromagnetic mechanism use push pull tipe method for translation motion realization. Developed schemes in the modules design of control systems were checked experimentally on the robot's prototypes. Some results of the computer simulation illustrate the multilink robot control motion along the internal diameters of the tubes. This work was fulfilled under financial support of the Russian Found of Fundamental researches N 01-01-00913 and in frames of Federal Multi Purpose Scientific and Technical Program of Ministry of Industry, Science and Technologies: "Researches and developments on priority directions of science and technology", "Knowledgeable basic investigations" block, "Basic investigations at the field of physics sciences" part Mechanics.
The optical Sciences Center, University of Arizona, has designed and constructed a unique 'red corrected' astrometric astrograph objective lens for the United States Naval Observatory. A five element design, w...
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ISBN:
(纸本)0819409251
The optical Sciences Center, University of Arizona, has designed and constructed a unique 'red corrected' astrometric astrograph objective lens for the United States Naval Observatory. A five element design, with an integral Schott OG550 filter, was developed to meet the requirement for a 2060 mm focal length, f/10 system. The lens provides a nearly zero distortion flat field of 5 by 5 degrees in the sky. A weight limit of 55 kg led to the use of a titanium lens barrel. Assembly tolerances are satisfied through the use of elastomeric subcell mounting of the individual elements, and an adjustable final element. The lens is hermetically sealed and uses a filter/dessicator system to insure the long term cleanliness of the optics.
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