For many illumination applications, it is desirable for a laser beam to have a uniform irradiance distribution across its diameter. Refractive and reflective systems for reshaping a laser beam profile have been propos...
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ISBN:
(纸本)081941249X
For many illumination applications, it is desirable for a laser beam to have a uniform irradiance distribution across its diameter. Refractive and reflective systems for reshaping a laser beam profile have been proposed and discussed for many years. One of the refractive systems consisting of two plano-aspherical lenses operates with high efficiency. Recently, a prototype of this two aspherical lens reshaping system has been made from CaF2. The performance of the prototype is presented in this paper. The opticaldesign and analysis of this system also are discussed.
Phase measuring interferometry is well established as the premier measurement technology in support of optical component fabrication. Commercial instruments are available that provide surface measurements over a range...
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ISBN:
(纸本)081941249X
Phase measuring interferometry is well established as the premier measurement technology in support of optical component fabrication. Commercial instruments are available that provide surface measurements over a range of radii and diameters. However, microlithographic lenses have increased in complexity and scale to the point that most commercial instruments fail to provide adequate surface coverage. Most severe is the ability to measure large diameter, convex surfaces. Anticipating the demands of today's microlithographic lens production, Tropel began design and construction of a new class of phase measuring interferometers in 1990. As a catadioptric design, these instruments feature a large spherical mirror to accomplish their purpose. This paper reviews the opticaldesign of the large aperture reflective interferometer (LARI), and various considerations in their construction.
The new Intense Point Source (IPS) consists of the regular linear Xenon flash tube mounted in a newly patented Orthogonal Parabolic Reflector (OPR) (Patent No. 5,037,191). The system integrates the radiation for the l...
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ISBN:
(纸本)081941249X
The new Intense Point Source (IPS) consists of the regular linear Xenon flash tube mounted in a newly patented Orthogonal Parabolic Reflector (OPR) (Patent No. 5,037,191). The system integrates the radiation for the long linear lamp into a very small point on the order of 3 to 6 millimeters in diameter, with a 90° divergent angle. A diffuser and lens systems are employed to provide either a narrow beam of a few degrees for long range photography or a diffused light for close-up photography to provide softened, penetrating lighting. Light intensity distribution data for the new flash system as compared to that of the original Vivitar 285 flash lamp as measured in the Vivitar lab, are presented.
current generation of advanced IC's require sub-half-micron-resolution photolithography over large exposure fields, with device overlay tolerances of less than 100 nanometers. Achieving this performance in high-vo...
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ISBN:
(纸本)0819411604
current generation of advanced IC's require sub-half-micron-resolution photolithography over large exposure fields, with device overlay tolerances of less than 100 nanometers. Achieving this performance in high-volume manufacturing will challenge the focus and overlay control capabilities of optical reduction steppers. This paper presents new metrological approaches to achieving the required focus and overlay control performance. A latent image focus measurement technique is described, which has been used extensively to characterize die levelling performance. To improve overlay capability on back end levels (especially metal), a combined bright field/dark field alignment system has been developed. Data on alignment performance, and optimization of alignment mark design for bright field, will be presented.
Axial gradient index lens blanks with values of Δn up to 0.5, thicknesses and diameters up to 25 and 200 mm, respectively, have been produced by fusing together thin layers of glasses of progressively different indic...
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ISBN:
(纸本)081941249X
Axial gradient index lens blanks with values of Δn up to 0.5, thicknesses and diameters up to 25 and 200 mm, respectively, have been produced by fusing together thin layers of glasses of progressively different indices of refraction. Smooth, step-free gradients are formed by controlled diffusion within and across the layers. Computer software has been developed to prescribe the gradient index profile and to control the diffusion process. Linear, quadratic, cubic, and a variety of other gradient index profiles can be produced by this method over a wide refractive index range. This paper discusses the diffusion software, process and metrology for a gradient blank currently in process to be used in a varifocal slide projector prototype.
Following the successful astronomical runs of the Come-On adaptive optics prototype on the ESO 3.6 m telescope in La Silla, Chile an upgraded version called Come-On-Plus is currently being constructed and was set up i...
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The optical Sciences Center, University of Arizona, has designed and constructed a unique 'red corrected' astrometric astrograph objective lens for the United States Naval Observatory. A five element design, w...
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ISBN:
(纸本)0819409251
The optical Sciences Center, University of Arizona, has designed and constructed a unique 'red corrected' astrometric astrograph objective lens for the United States Naval Observatory. A five element design, with an integral Schott OG550 filter, was developed to meet the requirement for a 2060 mm focal length, f/10 system. The lens provides a nearly zero distortion flat field of 5 by 5 degrees in the sky. A weight limit of 55 kg led to the use of a titanium lens barrel. Assembly tolerances are satisfied through the use of elastomeric subcell mounting of the individual elements, and an adjustable final element. The lens is hermetically sealed and uses a filter/dessicator system to insure the long term cleanliness of the optics.
A uv-curing 'cold' blocking adhesive has been developed by Loctite Corporation for use with the Opticam SM. The adhesive is a significant advance in the lens blocking process, as it eliminates heat-induced blo...
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ISBN:
(纸本)0819409251
A uv-curing 'cold' blocking adhesive has been developed by Loctite Corporation for use with the Opticam SM. The adhesive is a significant advance in the lens blocking process, as it eliminates heat-induced blocking strain; the most significant problem encountered with current hot pitch blocking methods. The new cold blocking adhesive is complemented by a new Kennametal lens blocking adapter tool and chucking system. The tooling offers substantially improved lens adapter to machine alignment and transfer; at considerably lower cost. The lenses are deblocked in a heated water and detergent solution, eliminating the environmental concerns of the current method.
This paper describes a new design method for athermalized optical systems. It can be accomplished by combining optical materials and by selecting suitable lens powers. However, there are difficulties in determining ma...
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ISBN:
(纸本)0819409251
This paper describes a new design method for athermalized optical systems. It can be accomplished by combining optical materials and by selecting suitable lens powers. However, there are difficulties in determining material and power of each lens, because achromatism is simultaneously required. To determine the condition of eliminate thermal focus shift and longitudinal chromatic aberration easily by simple drawing, an athermal chart is proposed which is constructed by plotting chromatic dispersive power and thermal dispersive power on a cartesian coordinate system.
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