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检索条件"任意字段=Current Developments in Lens Design and Optical Engineering XVII"

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Radiance limits of ceramic phosphors under high excitation fluxes

Radiance limits of ceramic phosphors under high excitation f...

引用

Conference on current developments in lens design and optical engineering XIV

作者： Lenef, Alan Kelso, John Zheng, Yi Tchoul, Maxim OSRAM SYLVANIA Inc Corp Technol CRSL Beverly MA 01915 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9780819496911

Ceramic phosphors, excited by high radiance pump sources, offer considerable potential for high radiance conversion. Interestingly, thermodynamic arguments suggest that the radiance of the luminescent spot can even exceed that of the incoming light source. In practice, however, thermal quenching and (non-thermal) optical saturation limit the maximum attainable radiance of the luminescent source. We present experimental data for Ce:YAG and Ce:GdYAG ceramics in which these limits have been investigated. High excitation fluxes are achieved using laser pumping. optical pumping intensities exceeding 100W/mm(2) have been shown to produce only modest efficiency depreciation at low overall pump powers because of the short Ce3+ lifetime, although additional limitations exist. When pump powers are higher, heat-transfer bottlenecks within the ceramic and heat-sink interfaces limit maximum pump intensities. We find that surface temperatures of these laser-pumped ceramics can reach well over 150 degrees C, causing thermal-quenching losses. We also find that in some cases, the loss of quantum efficiency with increasing temperature can cause a thermal run-away effect, resulting in a rapid loss in converted light, possibly over-heating the sample or surrounding structures. While one can still obtain radiances on the order of many W/mm(2)/sr, temperature quenching effects ultimately limit converted light radiance. Finally, we use the diffusion-approximation radiation transport models and rate equation models to simulate some of these nonlinear optical pumping and heating effects in high-scattering ceramics.

关键词： radiance phosphors ceramics saturation thermal quenching entropy optical pumping

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Further results in measuring water ice buildup on optical components in cryogenic vacuum chambers

Further results in measuring water ice buildup on optical co...

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Conference on current developments in lens design and optical engineering XIV

作者： Moeller, Trevor M. Smith, L. Montgomery Collins, Frank G. Labello, Jesse M. Rogers, James P. Lowry, Heard S. Crider, Dustin H. Univ Tennessee Inst Space 411 BH Goethert Pkwy Tullahoma TN 37388 USA Arnold Engn Dev Complex Arnold AFB TN 37389 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9780819496911

Experiments presented in a previous paper(1) established proof-of-principle that water, the most prevalent contaminant in high-vacuum cryogenic systems, initially collects on the surfaces of optical components as a thin film of ice, and thus can be detected and its thickness measured via multiple-beam thin-film interference phenomena. In those earlier experiments, a molecular sieve zeolite in a canister external to a vacuum chamber served as a water source, while the buildup of ice was measured using a HeNe laser beam reflected off the surface of a mirror with a quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) used for verification of the mass accumulation. Additional experiments have improved upon the techniques used earlier and provided further insight into the ice accumulation process. Use of a shorter wavelength (450 nm) laser in conjunction with a first-surface gold mirror produced greater depth of modulation and thus increased signal-to-noise ratio in the light interference. Data reduction using cross-correlation analysis over single-period interference records provided more accuracy and precision in the ice thickness measurements. Ice buildup under varying pressure and temperature ranges established baseline conditions for transparent thin-film deposition, and the transition to ice fracture and specular reflection. These recent experiments have demonstrated that the optical monitoring of ice accumulation via multiple-beam interference is applicable over a wider range of mass and thicknesses than the conventionally-used QCM method.

关键词： Cryogenic contamination thin film interference

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Near-infrared imaging system for detecting small organic foreign substances in foods

Near-infrared imaging system for detecting small organic for...

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Conference on current developments in lens design and optical engineering XIV

作者： Tashima, Hiroto Genta, Tsuneaki Ishii, Yuya Ishiyama, Takeshi Arai, Shinichi Fukuda, Mitsuo Toyohashi Univ Technol Dept Elect & Elect Engn Toyohashi Aichi 4418580 Japan

ISBN: (纸本)9780819496911

Contamination of foodstuffs with foreign substances is a serious problem because it often has negative effects on consumer health. However, detection of small organic substances in foods can be difficult because they are undetectable with traditional inspection apparatus. In this work, we developed new equipment that can detect small organic contaminant substances in food at high speed using a near-infrared (NIR) imaging technique. The absorption spectra of various foods were measured, and the spectra showed low absorbance at wavelengths from 600 nm to 1150 nm. Based on the observable wavelength range of a CMOS camera, which has a high dynamic range, superluminescent diodes (SLDs) with a wavelength of 830 nm were selected as light sources. We arranged 40 SLDs on a flat panel and placed a diffusion panel over them. As a result, uniformly distributed light with an intensity of 0.26 mW/cm(2) illuminated an area of 6.0 cm x 6.0 cm. Insects (3 mm wide) and hairs (0.1 mm in diameter) were embedded in stacked ham slices and in chocolate, with a total thickness of 5 mm in each case, and the transmission images were observed. Both insects and hairs were clearly observed as dark shadows with high contrast. We also compensated the images by using software developed in this study to eliminate low spatial frequency components in the images and improve the sharpness and contrast. As a result, the foreign substances were more clearly distinguished in the 5-mm-thick ham.

关键词： NIR imaging optical equipment food detection foreign substance safety spatial frequency filter

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current developments in lens design and optical engineering XIII

Current Developments in Lens Design and Optical Engineering ...

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current developments in lens design and optical engineering XIII

ISBN: (纸本)9780819492036

The proceedings contain 41 papers. The topics discussed include: novel global optimization algorithms: binary construction and the saddle-point method;finding starting points analytically for optical system optimization;reflaxicon objectives for imaging;digital optical microscope as a sampled imaging system: mathematical description, camera selection and focusing;graphically selecting optical components and housing material for color correction and passive athermalization;design and implementation of multi-layer and multi-bit micro holographic optical data storage employing blue lasers;using micro-projectors to realize large screen head-up display;fly-cutting and testing of freeform optics with sub-μm shape deviations;hybrid polishing of fused silica glass with bound-abrasive polishers in conjunction with vibration;and ultrastable mirrors made from diamond reinforced SiC composites for high precision and power applications.

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design and implementation of multi-layer and multi-bit micro holographic optical data storage employing blue lasers

Design and implementation of multi-layer and multi-bit micro...

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Conference on current developments in lens design and optical engineering XIII

作者： Takashima, Yuzuru Hesselink, Lambertus Univ Arizona Coll Opt Sci Tucson AZ 85721 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9780819492036

A zoom objective lens for a multi-layer optical recording has been designed. A newly proposed optical power arrangement enables varying back focal length while focal length invariant by a linear movement of single zooming component. The zoom lens is implemented into multi-layer and multi-bit holographic recording system employing 405 nm blue lasers.

关键词： Objectives optical design Holography Aspheric lenses lens design optical storage Zoom lenses Distance measurement optical components optical recording

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Novel global optimization algorithms: binary construction and the saddle-point method

Novel global optimization algorithms: binary construction an...

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Conference on current developments in lens design and optical engineering XIII

作者： Dilworth, Donald C. Optical Systems Design Inc. (United States)

ISBN: (纸本)9780819492036

This paper describes our experience with global lens optimization using algorithms that can modify an existing lens construction in an optimal way or create an entirely new construction. The binary-search method assembles lens elements according to the bits in a binary number, ensuring that all combinations of power are tested, while the saddle-point method can either add elements to a starting lens or start from scratch. The latter algorithm also naturally leads to a method of removing an element in an optimum way, which can sometimes simplify a lens with no loss of quality.

关键词： Global optimization lens design saddle-point lens optimization PSD algorithm

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Finding starting points analytically for optical system optimization

Finding starting points analytically for optical system opti...

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Conference on current developments in lens design and optical engineering XIII

作者： Bociort, F. van Grol, P. Delft Univ Technol Opt Res Grp NL-2628 CJ Delft Netherlands

ISBN: (纸本)9780819492036

Understanding the structure of the design space in optical system optimization is difficult, because common human intuition fails when it encounters the challenge of high dimensionality, resulting from the many optimization parameters of lens systems. However, a deep mathematical idea, that critical points structure the properties of the space around them, is fruitful in lens design as well. Here we discuss simple systems, triplets with curvatures as variables, for which the design space is still simple enough to be studied in detail, but complex enough to be non-trivial. A one-to-one correspondence between the possible design shapes and the critical points resulting from a simplified model based on third-order spherical aberration within the framework of thin-lens theory could lead in the future to a new way to determine good starting points for subsequent local optimization.

关键词： saddle point critical point global optimization optical system design

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Analytic free-form lens design for imaging applications with high aspect ratio

Analytic free-form lens design for imaging applications with...

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Conference on current developments in lens design and optical engineering XIII

作者： Duerr, Fabian Benitez, Pablo Minano, Juan Carlos Meuret, Youri Thienpont, Hugo Vrije Univ Brussel Fac Engn Sci Brussels Photon Team B PHOT TONA FirW B-1050 Brussels Belgium

ISBN: (纸本)9780819492036

A new three-dimensional analytic optics design method is presented that enables the coupling of three ray sets with only two free-form lens surfaces. Closely related to the Simultaneous Multiple Surface method in three dimensions (SMS3D), it is derived directly from Fermat's principle, leading to multiple sets of functional differential equations. The general solution of these equations makes it possible to calculate more than 80 coefficients for each implicit surface function. Ray tracing simulations of these free-form lenses demonstrate superior imaging performance for applications with high aspect ratio, compared to conventional rotational symmetric systems.

关键词： Mathematical methods in physics geometric optical design and lens design free-form optics

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Graphically selecting optical components and housing material for color correction and passive athermalization

Graphically selecting optical components and housing materia...

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Conference on current developments in lens design and optical engineering XIII

作者： Schwertz, Katie Dillon, Dan Sparrold, Scott Edmund Opt Tucson AZ USA

ISBN: (纸本)9780819492036

This paper will demonstrate a graphical method for selecting a pair of optical components to simultaneously achromatize and passively athermalize an imaging lens for use in a housing with a particular coefficient of thermal expansion. The effort will be presented for a generic spectrum, so readers may apply the method to whatever waveband and set of materials that are of interest. The term "component" is used in place of "material" since this paper will explore combinations of refractive and diffractive optics. The method for creating an achromat with two refractive materials will be reviewed. To create an athermal doublet, or lens that does not change focus under temperature changes, the same color equations are used with a slight modification to include housing thermal effects. The paper will culminate by demonstrating how a set of two materials can be used to both color correct and passively athermalize a single lens;these materials can be quickly chosen to match a particular housing material via nomograph. A sample chart for a common waveband will be demonstrated.

关键词： lens design optical design passively athermal thermal defocus achromatic graphic solution

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design of Large Aperture Four Group Elements Mid-wave Infrared Zoom lens

Design of Large Aperture Four Group Elements Mid-wave Infrar...

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Conference on current developments in lens design and optical engineering XIII

作者： Ji Yiqun Shi Rongbao He Hucheng Shen Weimin Soochow Univ Inst Modern Opt Technol Key Lab Adv Opt Mfg Technol Jiangsu Prov Suzhou 215006 Jiangsu Peoples R China

ISBN: (纸本)9780819492036

Zoom lens with variable focal length is well fit for researching objectives far and near. design of zoom lens working at mid-wave infrared wavelength (7.7-10.3 m) and its view field 10 degrees is presented. Determination of the initial configuration of the variable and the compensate groups are discussed according to the mechanism compensate curves. The compensate group is determined with positive power. Its focal length changes during a large scope, which is from 300mm to 100mm. And the corresponding F number variables from 3.75 to 1.25. So the residual aberration needs to be carefully corrected. The optimized zoom lens is composed of four group elements, and its performance reaches diffraction limited at each focal position.

关键词： optical design mid-wave infrared zoom lens four group elements mechanical compensate curve large aperture

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