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Molecular engineering Strategy for High Efficiency Fullerene-Free Organic Solar Cells Using Conjugated 1,8-Naphthalimide and Fluorenone Building Blocks

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ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017年第20期9卷 16968-16977页

作者： Thu Trang Do Hong Duc Pham Manzhos, Sergei Bell, John M. Sonar, Prashant Queensland Univ Technol Sch Chem Phys & Mech Engn 2 George St Brisbane Qld 4001 Australia Natl Univ Singapore Fac Engn Dept Mech Engn Block EA 07-089 Engn Dr 1 Singapore 117576 Singapore Inst Future Environm GPO Box 2434 Brisbane Qld 4001 Australia

We designed, synthesized, and characterized a series of novel electron deficient small molecule nonfullerene acceptors based on 1,8-naphthalimide (NAI) and 9-fluorenone (FN) with different branched alkyl chains using various techniques. These molecules are based on an acceptor-donor-acceptor-donor-acceptor (A1-D-A2-D-A1) molecular design configuration with NAI as the end-capping acceptor (A1), FN as electron-withdrawing central (A2) group, and thiophene ring as a donor (D) unit. These materials are named as NAI-FN-NAI (BO) and NAI-FN-NAI (HD) where BO and HD represent butyloctyl and hexyldecyl alkyl groups, respectively. To further modify energy levels of these materials, we converted the weak electron withdrawing ketonic group (C = O) attached to the FN moiety of NAI-FN-NAI (BO) to a stronger electron withdrawing cyano group (C N) to obtain the compound NAI-FCN-NAI (BO) by keeping the same alkyl chain. The optical, electrochemical, and thermal properties of the new acceptors were studied. The materials exhibited higher to medium band gaps, low lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) energy levels, and highly thermally stable properties. Organic solar cell devices employing conventional poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) a donor polymer and the newly designed small molecules as the acceptor were investigated. Among all new materials, organic solar cell devices based on NAI-FN-NAI (BO) as an acceptor exhibit the highest performance with an open circuit voltage (v-OC) of 0.88 v, a short-circuit current density (J(SC)) of 9.1 mAcm(-2), a fill factor (FF) of 45%, and an overall power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 3.6%. This is the first report of 9-fluorenone based nonfullerene acceptor with P3HT donor in organic solar cell devices with such a promising performance.

关键词： 1.8-naphthalimide 9-fluorenone nonfullerene electron acceptors organic solar cells

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Theia: An advanced optical neutrino detector

arXiv

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arXiv 2019年

作者： Askins, M. Bagdasarian, Z. Barros, N. Beier, E.W. Blucher, E. Bonventre, R. Bourret, E. Callaghan, E.J. Caravaca, J. Diwan, M. Dye, S.T. Eisch, J. Elagin, A. Enqvist, T. Fischer, v. Frankiewicz, K. Grant, C. Guffanti, D. Hagner, C. Hallin, A. Jackson, C.M. Jiang, R. Kaptanoglu, T. Klein, J.R. Kolomensky, Y.G. Kraus, C. Krennrich, F. Kutter, T. Lachenmaier, T. Land, B. Lande, K. Learned, J.G. Lozza, v. Ludhova, L. Malek, M. Manecki, S. Maneira, J. Maricic, J. Martyn, J. Mastbaum, A. Mauger, C. Moretti, F. Napolitano, J. Naranjo, B. Nieslony, M. Oberauer, L. Orebi Gann, Gabriel D. Ouellet, J. Pershing, T. Petcov, S.T. Pickard, L. Rosero, R. Sanchez, M.C. Sawatzki, J. Seo, S.H. Smiley, M. Smy, M. Stahl, A. Steiger, H. Stock, M.R. Sunej, H. Svoboda, R. Tiras, E. Trzaska, W.H. Tzanov, M. vagins, M. vilela, C. Wang, Z. Wang, J. Wetstein, M. Wilking, M.J. Winslow, L. Wittich, P. Wonsak, B. Worcester, E. Wurm, M. Yang, G. Yeh, M. Zimmerman, E.D. Zsoldos, S. Zuber, K. University of California Berkeley Department of Physics BerkeleyCA94720 United States Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory 1 Cyclotron Road BerkeleyCA94720-8153 United States Forschungszentrum Jülich Institute for Nuclear Physics Wilhelm-Johnen-Straße Jülich52425 Germany Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Pennsylvania PhiladelphiaPA19104-6396 United States Departamento de Física Campo Grande Edifício C8 Lisboa1749-016 Portugal Av. Prof. Gama Pinto 2 Lisboa1649-003 Portugal The Enrico Fermi Institute Department of Physics The University of Chicago ChicagoIL60637 United States Brookhaven National Laboratory UptonNY11973 United States University of Hawai'i at Manoa HonoluluHI96822 United States Department of Physics and Astronomy Iowa State University AmesIA50011 United States Department of Physics University of Jyväskylä Finland University of California Davis 1 Shields Avenue DavisCA95616 United States Boston University Department of Physics BostonMA02215 United States Institute of Physics and Excellence Cluster PRISMA Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz Mainz55099 Germany Institut für Experimentalphysik Universität Hamburg Hamburg22761 Germany University of Alberta Department of Physics 4-181 CCIS EdmontonABT6G 2E1 Canada Pacific Northwest National Laboratory RichlandWA99352 United States Laurentian University Department of Physics 935 Ramsey Lake Road SudburyONP3E 2C6 Canada Department of Physics and Astronomy Louisiana State University Baton RougeLA70803 United States Kepler Center for Astro and Particle Physics Universität Tübingen Tübingen72076 Germany University of Sheffield Physics & Astronomy Western Bank SheffieldS10 2TN United Kingdom Queen's University Department of Physics Engineering Physics & Astronomy KingstonONK7L 3N6 Canada SNOLAB Creighton Mine 9 1039 Regional Road 24 SudburyONP3Y 1N2 Canada Department of Physics and Astronomy Rutgers The State University of New Je

New developments in liquid scintillators, high-efficiency, fast photon detectors, and chromatic photon sorting have opened up the possibility for building a large-scale detector that can discriminate between Cherenkov and scintillation signals. Such a detector could reconstruct particle direction and species using Cherenkov light while also having the excellent energy resolution and low threshold of a scintillator detector. Situated deep underground, and utilizing new techniques in computing and reconstruction, this detector could achieve unprecedented levels of background rejection, enabling a rich physics program spanning topics in nuclear, high-energy, and astrophysics, and across a dynamic range from hundreds of kev to many Gev. The scientific program would include observations of low- and high-energy solar neutrinos, determination of neutrino mass ordering and measurement of the neutrino CP-violating phase δ, observations of diffuse supernova neutrinos and neutrinos from a supernova burst, sensitive searches for nucleon decay and, ultimately, a search for neutrinoless double beta decay, with sensitivity reaching the normal ordering regime of neutrino mass phase space. This paper describes Theia, a detector design that incorporates these new technologies in a practical and affordable way to accomplish the science goals described above. © 2019, CC BY.

关键词： Photons

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Evolution of the MOUSE II fine longitudinal sensor towards a qualification model for PEGASE mission 6

Evolution of the MOUSE II fine longitudinal sensor towards a...

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6th International Conference on Space Optics, ICSO 2006

作者： Poupinet, A. Zannis, J. Bossan, J.G. Bourrillon, v. Pellissier, J.M. viard, T. Devilliers, C. Berthon, J. Mondin, L. Le Duigou, J.-M. SAGEIS-CSO 70 avenue des Martyrs Grenoble38000 France Alcatel Alénia Space 100 boulevard du Midi Cannes La Bocca Cédex06156 France CNES 18 avenue Edouard Belin Toulouse Cédex 431401 France

ISBN: (纸本)9781510616233

In the context of formation flying projects, one of the major points is the required precision on the intersatellites distance and/or relative displacement. According to the mission, these needs are more or less restrictive, leading to the use of fine laser metrology. Thus, for the needs of PEGASE mission - a possible DARWIN in flight demonstration- SAGEIS-CSO has been asked by CNES to design a fine longitudinal sensor able to work at 120 K while performing displacement measurements at a working distance range of 25 to 250 m. Its required performances are a resolution and a precision of 25 nm. This activity succeeds to the MOUSE II system development, which has demonstrated the ability to obtain the required laser metrology using a frequency stabilised laser, a compact and totally passive Michelson type sensor head plus a detection unit for data processing. optical signals are routed using fibres, allowing the sensor head to be alone in a cryogenic environment. Now, the goal is to obtain a validated prototype at a MQ level by the end of 2007. For that, the laser source will be an update of the flight models made for IASI, using a more powerful DFB diode, pin-to-pin compatible with the previous design, and then giving minor changes. The current regulation was optimized in order not to degrade the narrow diode spectral width. The opto-thermo-mechanical design of the sensor head, in collaboration with AAS, is also under progress, and constitutes the major evolution of the MOUSE II. © COPYRIGHT SPIE. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.

关键词： Data handling

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Focusing regions evolution under linear transformations in the boundary condition 17

Focusing regions evolution under linear transformations in t...

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Conference on current developments in Lens design and optical engineering XvII

作者： Garcia-Guzman, A. De los Santos-Garcia, S. I. Torres, M. A. Munoz, J. Martinez-Niconoff, G. Inst Nacl Astrofis Opt & Elect INAOE Dept Opt Postal 51 & 216 Puebla Mexico

ISBN: (数字)9781510602861

ISBN: (纸本)9781510602854;9781510602861

The properties of optical surfaces generated by diffraction are studied analyzing the changes in the curvature function of the boundary condition. The study leads to establish a classification for the optical fields as elliptical, hyperbolical or parabolic. The elliptical regions are separated from hyperbolic regions by a region of parabolic type, which corresponds to optical focusing regions. The main result of the analysis leads us to describe and to control bifurcations and vortices effects allowing to geometrize and to control the topological properties of the optical field. For this feature is important to control the geometry of the parabolic region, obtained by controlling the curvature function in the boundary condition. The model is implemented experimentally applying a linear transformation in transmittances of zone plate type. The experimental results corroborate the theoretical predictions

关键词： Diffraction Zone plates Lead optical components Transmittance Fractal analysis optical design optical tweezers Particles Spectroscopy

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A zoom lens from scratch: the case for number crunching 17

A zoom lens from scratch: the case for number crunching

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Conference on current developments in Lens design and optical engineering XvII

作者： Dilworth, D. C. Opt Syst Design Inc Boothbay ME 04544 USA

ISBN: (数字)9781510602861

ISBN: (纸本)9781510602854;9781510602861

The art of lens design has long been divided into two camps: theorists and number crunchers. Both camps have vocal supporters, both manage to get the job done, and both occasionally voice disdain for the other. This paper presents the case for number crunching-while recognizing the important contributions that theorists have made and continue to make. We illustrate this case by designing a zoom lens with no starting design and minimum direction from the designer. To this end we use a feature called ZSEARCH (TM) found in the program SYNOPSYS (TM)(1).

关键词： lens design global optimization zoom lens Damped Least Squares (DLS) Pseudo-Second Derivative (PSD) SYNOPSYS (TM)

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STRESS engineering WITH SILICON NITRIDE STRESSORS FOR GE-ON-SI LASERS

STRESS ENGINEERING WITH SILICON NITRIDE STRESSORS FOR GE-ON-...

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作者： Jiaxin Ke The University of British Columbia

学位级别：硕士

Silicon compatible lasers are in great need for applications such as on-chip and short-reach optical interconnects. Although InAs/GaAs quantum dot lasers monolithically grown on Si have been realized and are well-performed, due to material contamination issues, it is time and cost intensive for those III-v materials to enter mainstream Si processing facilities. Germanium(Ge)- on-Silicon(Si) laser is promising as a solution to solve the Si-compatible laser problem as it is compatible with Si processing. So far, the main problems in Ge lasers are that they have a high threshold current density and low efficiency. Laser structure designs with top and side silicon nitride stressors were proposed in this work and shown to be effective in reducing the threshold current (I th ) and improving the wall- plug efficiency (η wp ) of Ge-on-Si lasers. Side stressors turned out to be a more efficient way to increase η wp than using the top and side stressors together. With the side stressors and geometry optimizations, a maximum η wp of 34.8% and an I th of 36 mA (J th of 27 kA/cm 2 ) were achieved with a defect limited carrier lifetime (??,? ) of 1 ns. With??,? being 10??, an I th of 4 mA (J th of 3 kA/cm 2 ) and a η wp of 43.8% were achieved. These are tremendous improvements from cases without any stressors. Compared to other stress introduction methods, such design is much more suitable for Ge laser structure implementation. These results provide a strong support to the Ge-on-Si laser technology and create an effective way to improve the Ge laser performance.

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Microwave Generation in Synchronized Semiconductor Superlattices

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Physical Review Applied 2017年第4期7卷 044024-044024页

作者： M. B. Gaifullin N. v. Alexeeva A. E. Hramov v. v. Makarov v. A. Maksimenko A. A. Koronovskii M. T. Greenaway T. M. Fromhold A. Patanè C. J. Mellor F. v. Kusmartsev A. G. Balanov Department of Physics Loughborough University Loughborough LE11 3TU United Kingdom School of Physics and Astronomy University of Nottingham Nottingham NG7 2RD United Kingdom Yuri Gagarin State Technical University of Saratov Politechnicheskaja 77 Saratov 410054 Russia Faculty of Nonlinear Processes Saratov State University Astrakhanskaya 83 Saratov 410012 Russia

We study high-frequency generation in a system of electromagnetically coupled semiconductor superlattices fabricated on the same doped substrate. Applying a bias voltage to a single superlattice generates high-frequency current oscillations. We demonstrate that within a certain range of the applied voltage, the current oscillations within the superlattices can be self-synchronized, which leads to a dramatic rise in the generated microwave power. These results, which are in good agreement with our numerical model, open a promising practical route towards the design of high-power miniature microwave generators.

关键词： Collective dynamics optical & microwave phenomena Optoelectronics Devices III-v semiconductors Superlattices Synchronization

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Achrotech: achromat cost versus performance for conventional, diffractive and GRIN components 17

Achrotech: achromat cost versus performance for conventional...

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Conference on current developments in Lens design and optical engineering XvII

作者： Morris, Jeffrey Wolf, Greg vandendriessche, Stefaan Sparrold, Scott Edmund Opt 6464 E Grant Rd Tucson AZ 85711 USA Edmund Opt 101 East Gloucester Pike Barrington NJ 08007 USA

ISBN: (数字)9781510602861

ISBN: (纸本)9781510602854;9781510602861

An achromatic component shares a common focus at two wavelengths and is a commonly used device in optical assemblies. This work explores the cost versus performance tradeoff for several types of achromatic lenses: conventional doublets with homogenous glass elements, hybrid doublets with a diffractive surface, axial GRadient INdex (GRIN) lenses (where the index of refraction changes along the length of the lens), and radial GRIN lenses (where the index of refraction changes depending on radial position). First order achromatic principles will be reviewed and applied to each system as a starting point and refined through the use of ray trace software. optical performance will be assessed in terms of focusing efficiency and imaging. Cost will then be evaluated by accounting for current manufacturing costs and retail price through several distributors.

关键词： achromat GRIN lens diffractive lens axial color longitudinal color spherochromatism lens design

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Composition variants for mirror high-aperture lens with compact design 17

Composition variants for mirror high-aperture lens with comp...

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Conference on current developments in Lens design and optical engineering XvII

作者： Ezhova, Kseniia Zverev, victor Chuhlamov, Anton Burtseva, Anastasiia ITMO Univ 49 Kronverkskiy Prospect St Petersburg 197101 Russia

ISBN: (数字)9781510602861

ISBN: (纸本)9781510602854;9781510602861

The theoretical basis for the mirror high-aperture optical system synthesis, based on the properties of the reflecting surface accepted as the base having a shape of a paraboloid of rotation are considered in the work design parameters and residual aberrations tables of the few design solutions for considered optical systems are presented. From the analysis of aberration correction of the image formed by the considered optical system, it follows that the angular value image space is limited, primarily, the image surface curvature. To compensate for curvature of the image surface can be applied Smith lens. The additional condition that determines a high aperture ratio of the optical system of the considered lens as a whole was introduced, but it complicates the process of correcting the aberrations of a wide beam of rays. It is shown that the use of afocal Mersenne system with known anaberration properties, allows you to build a series of compact and SLR mirror-lens systems with aplanatic, anastigmatic and plananastigmatic aberration correction formed the image, at the same time the length of the system is about four times smaller than the diameter of its entrance pupil. Importantly, when applying the lens for using in a long wavelength range emission, the requirements for aberration correction image formed by the lens are reduced, and accordingly, manufacturability are increases.

关键词： the reflecting surface afocal system aplanatic correction of aberrations the lens compensator

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Caustic surface produced by a plane wavefront refracted through positive bi-conic lenses. 17

Caustic surface produced by a plane wavefront refracted thro...

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Conference on current developments in Lens design and optical engineering XvII

作者： Ponce-Hernandez, Osvaldo Avendano-Alejo, Maximino Roman-Hernandez, Edwin Moreno-Oliva, Ivan Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico Ctr Ciencias Aplicadas & Desarrollo Tecnol Apdo Postal 70-186 Mexico City 04510 DF Mexico Univ Istmo Div Estudios Posgrado Campus Tehuantepec Cd Univ S-N Santo Domingo Tehuantepe 70760 Oaxaca Mexico

ISBN: (数字)9781510602861

ISBN: (纸本)9781510602854;9781510602861

We study the formation of caustic surfaces produced by bi-conic lenses, considering a plane wavefront propagating parallel to the optical axis. We have already seen that the shape of caustic surfaces can represent the monochromatic aberrations that we call image errors, furthermore the shape of the caustic can be modified by changing the parameters of the lens in such a way that if we are able to vanish the caustic, the optical system produces an image without spherical aberration, alternatively caustic surfaces having a large area could be applied to design non-imaging optical systems, such as diffusers of light. The shape of the caustic surface is a function of the indices of refraction involved in the process of refraction, and all the parameters of the bi-conic lens. We provide an analytic equation for the caustic surface in a meridional plane and some examples are presented.

关键词： Ray tracing Lenses Protactinium Refraction Wavefronts Geometrical optics Interfaces Monochromatic aberrations optical design Cadmium

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