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Biomedical engineering of two-dimensional MXenes

ADvANCED DRUG DELIvERY REvIEWS 2022年 184卷 114178页

作者： Huang, Hui Dong, Caihong Feng, Wei Wang, Ying Huang, Bingcang Chen, Yu Shanghai Univ Sch Environm & Chem Engn Shanghai 200444 Peoples R China Shanghai Univ Sch Life Sci Materdicine Lab Shanghai 200444 Peoples R China Fudan Univ Zhongshan Hosp Dept Ultrasound Shanghai 200032 Peoples R China Shanghai Inst Med Imaging Shanghai 200032 Peoples R China Gongli Hosp Dept Radiol Shanghai 200135 Peoples R China Gongli Hosp Sino French Cooperat Cent Lab Shanghai Hlth Commiss Key Lab Artificial Intelligence AI Based Manageme Shanghai 200135 Peoples R China Shanghai Univ Sch Med Shanghai 200444 Peoples R China Shanghai Univ Wenzhou Inst Wenzhou 325000 Peoples R China

The emergence of two-dimensional (2D) transition metal carbides, carbonitrides and nitrides, referred to MXenes, with a general chemical formula of Mn+1XnTx have aroused considerable interest and shown remarkable potential applications in diverse fields. The unique ultrathin lamellar structure accompanied with charming electronic, optical, magnetic, mechanical and biological properties make MXenes as a kind of promising alternative biomaterials for versatile biomedical applications, as well as uncovering many new fundamental scientific discoveries. Herein, the current state-of-the-art advances of MXenes-related biomaterials are systematically summarized in this comprehensive review, especially focusing on the synthetic methodologies, design and surface engineering strategies, unique properties, biological effects, and particularly the property-activity-effect relationship of MXenes at the nano-bio interface. Furthermore, the elaborated MXenes for varied biomedical applications, such as biosensors and biode-vices, antibacteria, bioimaging, therapeutics, theranostics, tissue engineering and regenerative medicine, are illustrated in detail. Finally, we discuss the current challenges and opportunities for future advance-ment of MXene-based biomaterials in-depth on the basis of the present situation, aiming to facilitate their early realization of practical biomedical applications. (C) 2022 Elsevier B.v. All rights reserved.

关键词： MXene Synthetic methodology Surface engineering Biological effect Biomedical applications

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Contact engineering of single core/shell SiC/SiO2 nanowire memory unit with high current tolerance using focused femtosecond laser irradiation

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NANOSCALE 2020年第9期12卷 5618-5626页

作者： Lin, Luchan Huo, Jinpeng Peng, Peng Zou, Guisheng Liu, Lei Duley, Walt W. Zhou, Y. Norman Tsinghua Univ Dept Mech Engn Beijing 100084 Peoples R China Empa Swiss Fed Labs Mat Sci & Technol CH-8600 Dubendorf Switzerland Beihang Univ Sch Mech Engn & Automat Beijing 100191 Peoples R China Univ Waterloo Dept Phys & Astron Waterloo ON N2L 3G1 Canada Univ Waterloo Dept Mech & Mechatron Engn Waterloo ON N2L 3G1 Canada

Single nanowire memory units are of particular interest in the design of high-density nanoelectronic circuits, but the performance due to weak contact state remains a major problem. In this paper, bonding between core/shell SiC/SiO2 nanowire and Au electrodes can be improved via local contact engineering with femtosecond (fs) laser irradiation. An optimized heterojunction (Au-SiO2-SiC) is possible since plasmonic enhanced optical absorption can be localized at the metal-oxide (Au-SiO2) interface. Electron transport across the barrier and charge accumulation at the oxide-semiconductor (SiO2-SiC) interface are improved in nanowire circuits. A fast and stable resistance change can be achieved after only one biasing cycle ('write') and the written state can be read/extracted at a low voltage (similar to 0.5 v). Unlike other as-built nanowire circuits, the resistance state can be retained for 10 min in the absence of external power, indicating that these devices can be used for short-term memory units. High current tolerance is also provided in the circuit by the surface oxide shell which acts to protect the inner SiC core. The current density carried by the single SiC/SiO2 nanowire circuit can be as high as similar to 3 x 10(6) A cm(-2) before break down, and that breakdown occurs as a two-stage process.

关键词： Silica

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optical simulation of iii-v semiconductor nanowires/pedot: Pss-based hybrid solar cells: influence of polymer coating thickness and geometrical parameters on light harvesting and overall photocurrent 2nd

Optical simulation of iii-v semiconductor nanowires/pedot: P...

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2nd International Conference on Energy Systems, Drives and Automations, ESDA 2019

作者： Prashant, D.v. Samajdar, Dip Prakash Sachchidanand Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering PDPM Indian Institute of Information Technology Design and Manufacturing JabalpurMadhya Pradesh482005 India

ISBN: (纸本)9789811550881

Hybrid solar cells (HSCs) can be a new pathway for low-cost, flexible, and high efficiency solar cells. III-v nanowires (NWs) with sub-wavelength scale dimensions have shown excellent optical and electrical properties, and can be easily fabricated on thin substrates together with polymer materials. In order to obtain optimal design requirements for III-v NWs/PEDOT: PSS HSCs, optical simulations using finite-difference-time-domain (FDTD) method is performed. To enhance light absorption properties of NWs, the important geometrical parameter, namely the diameter (D) of the NWs is optimized. Further, to maximize short-circuit current density, polymer (PEDOT: PSS) coating thickness on the NWs is optimized. In comparison to NW/air system, optimized PEDOT: PSS-coated NWs have shown better intrinsic anti-reflection properties, broad absorption spectra, and enhanced optical generation rates. © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd 2020.

关键词： Nanowires

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Smart design and Implementation of Self Adjusting Robot using Arduino

Smart Design and Implementation of Self Adjusting Robot usin...

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Augmented Intelligence and Sustainable Systems (ICAISS), International Conference on

作者： R.G. vidhya Kamlesh Singh P John Paul T. Aditya Sai Srinivas Jyoti Prasad Patra K.v.Daya Sagar Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering HKBK College of Engineering Bangalore India Department of Computer Science Engineering Graphic EraHill University Dehradun Campus Dehradun India Department of Computer Science and Engineering Ellenki College of Engineering and Technology Hyderabad India Department of Computer Science and Engineering G Pulla Reddy College of Engineering Kurnool Andhra Pradesh India Faculty of Electrical OUTR Mahalaxmi ViharGhatikia Techno campus Odisha University of Technology and Research Bhubaneswar Odisha India Department of ECE Koneru Lakshmaiah Education Foundation Vaddeswaram Guntur Andhrapradesh India

ISBN: (纸本)9781665489638

Self-adjusting robots are an excellent approach for keeping up with breakthroughs and developments in advanced mechanics. This idea is based on the basic pendulum theory. A framework goes through a cycle of self-adjustment to reinforce itself from inside. This study intends to overcome the difficulties of stabilizing an unstable structure by supplying the robot with the essential components for self-adjustment and balance. Data from the accelerometer and gyrator are used to compute the robot's accurate three-dimensional location, which is then relayed to a controller. The regulator then uses its own code to legally direct the wheel rotation of the drive module, boosting the robot's stability. This robot has an advantage over others with four wheels since it can spin faster and around obstacles more readily. As a result, it is a necessary tool in many current scenarios.

关键词： Regulators Codes Software packages Wheels Gyrators Computer architecture Robot sensing systems

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Submillimeter Multifunctional Ferromagnetic Fiber Robots for Navigation, Sensing, and Modulation

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ADvANCED HEALTHCARE MATERIALS 2023年第28期12卷 2300964-2300964页

作者： Zhang, Yujing Wu, Xiaobo vadlamani, Ram Anand Lim, Youngmin Kim, Jongwoon David, Kailee Gilbert, Earl Li, You Wang, Ruixuan Jiang, Shan Wang, Anbo Sontheimer, Harald English, Daniel Fine Emori, Satoru Davalos, Rafael v. Poelzing, Steven Jia, Xiaoting Virginia Tech Bradley Dept Elect & Comp Engn Blacksburg VA 24061 USA Virginia Tech Translat Biol Med & Hlth Grad Program Roanoke VA USA Virginia Tech Caril Ctr Heart & Reparat Med Res Fralin Biomed Res Inst Roanoke VA USA Virginia Tech Dept Biomed Engn & Mech Blacksburg VA USA Virginia Tech Dept Phys Blacksburg VA USA Virginia Tech Sch Neurosci Blacksburg VA 24061 USA Univ Virginia Dept Neurosci Charlottesville VA USA Virginia Tech Dept Mat Sci & Engn Blacksburg VA 24061 USA

Small-scale robots capable of remote active steering and navigation offer great potential for biomedical applications. However, the current design and manufacturing procedure impede their miniaturization and integration of various diagnostic and therapeutic functionalities. Herein, submillimeter fiber robots that can integrate navigation, sensing, and modulation functions are presented. These fiber robots are fabricated through a scalable thermal drawing process at a speed of 4 meters per minute, which enables the integration of ferromagnetic, electrical, optical, and microfluidic composite with an overall diameter of as small as 250 & mu;m and a length of as long as 150 m. The fiber tip deflection angle can reach up to 54(o) under a uniform magnetic field of 45 mT. These fiber robots can navigate through complex and constrained environments, such as artificial vessels and brain phantoms. Moreover, Langendorff mouse hearts model, glioblastoma micro platforms, and in vivo mouse models are utilized to demonstrate the capabilities of sensing electrophysiology signals and performing a localized treatment. Additionally, it is demonstrated that the fiber robots can serve as endoscopes with embedded waveguides. These fiber robots provide a versatile platform for targeted multimodal detection and treatment at hard-to-reach locations in a minimally invasive and remotely controllable manner.

关键词： biomedical engineering ferromagnetic robotics fiber robots micro robotics thermal drawing

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锆合金包壳在微动磨蚀环境下的界面损伤行为

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中国表面工程 2022年第4期35卷 41-49页

作者：焦拥军李正阳蒲曾坪任全耀郑美银巫英伟秋穗正西安交通大学动力工程多相流国家重点实验室西安710049 中国核动力研究设计院核反应堆系统设计技术重点实验室成都610213

锆合金燃料棒包壳在反应堆内会由于流致振动与定位格架发生微动磨蚀,现有研究并未考虑高温水环境下燃料棒包壳与格架之间的腐蚀加速磨损现象。通过微动磨损试验设备结合电化学工作站,研究不同外加电位(-0.8 v、-0.4 v、0 v、0.4 v和0.8v... 详细信息

锆合金燃料棒包壳在反应堆内会由于流致振动与定位格架发生微动磨蚀,现有研究并未考虑高温水环境下燃料棒包壳与格架之间的腐蚀加速磨损现象。通过微动磨损试验设备结合电化学工作站,研究不同外加电位(-0.8 v、-0.4 v、0 v、0.4 v和0.8v)下锆合金包壳的微动磨蚀行为。采用SEM、EDX、XPS、EPMA和三维光学显微镜对磨痕表面的微观形貌和化学成分等进行分析,探究不同外加电位下锆合金的摩擦氧化行为及微动损伤机理。结果表明:随着电位的增加,微动过程中的腐蚀电流增加,加速磨损过程中锆合金的氧化腐蚀,锆合金的微动损伤加剧。不同外加电位下磨痕表面均存在明显的犁沟及氧化物颗粒堆积,主要磨损机制为磨粒磨损和氧化磨损。随着外加电位的增加,锆合金的磨损深度和磨损率增加,这是因为电位的增加使得腐蚀加剧,从而磨损与腐蚀交互作用增强导致磨损率的增加。揭示了电位对锆合金包壳磨痕形貌、磨损量和摩擦腐蚀交互作用的影响规律,阐明了不同电位条件下锆合金的磨损机制,为锆合金包壳在长周期服役过程中磨损行为的分析和预测提供理论支撑。

关键词：锆合金电位微动磨蚀磨损机制

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结合光流算法与注意力机制的U-Net网络跨模态视听语音分离

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电子与信息学报 2023年第10期45卷 3538-3546页

作者：兰朝凤蒋朋威陈欢韩闯郭小霞哈尔滨理工大学测控技术与通信工程学院哈尔滨150080 中国舰船研究设计中心武汉430064

目前多数的视听分离模型,大多是基于视频特征和音频特征简单拼接,没有充分考虑各个模态的相互关系,导致视觉信息未被充分利用,该文针对此问题提出了新的模型。该文充分考虑视觉特征、音频特征之间的相互联系,采用多头注意力机制,结合稠... 详细信息

目前多数的视听分离模型,大多是基于视频特征和音频特征简单拼接,没有充分考虑各个模态的相互关系,导致视觉信息未被充分利用,该文针对此问题提出了新的模型。该文充分考虑视觉特征、音频特征之间的相互联系,采用多头注意力机制,结合稠密光流(Farneback)算法和U-Net网络,提出跨模态融合的光流-视听语音分离(Flow-AvSS)模型。该模型通过Farneback算法和轻量级网络ShuffleNet v2分别提取运动特征和唇部特征,然后将运动特征与唇部特征进行仿射变换,经过时间卷积模块(TCN)得到视觉特征。为充分利用到视觉信息,在进行特征融合时采用多头注意力机制,将视觉特征与音频特征进行跨模态融合,得到融合视听特征,最后融合视听特征经过U-Net分离网络得到分离语音。利用客观语音质量评估(PESQ)、短时客观可懂度(STOI)及源失真比(SDR)评价指标,在Avspeech数据集进行实验测试。研究表明,该文所提方法与纯语音分离网络和仅采用特征拼接的视听分离网络相比,性能上分别提高了2.23 dB和1.68 dB。由此表明,采用跨模态注意力进行特征融合,能更加充分利用各个模态相关性,增加的唇部运动特征,能有效提高视频特征的鲁棒性,提高分离效果。

关键词：视听语音分离视听融合跨模态注意力光流算法

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Harnessing natural polymers and nanoparticles: Synergistic scaffold design for improved wound healing

Hybrid Advances

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Hybrid Advances 2025年 8卷

作者： S, Anitha Nadar, Nandini Robin Shivakumar, Srividya C, Sharma S P, Siddharth varalakshmi v, Surekha Lenka, Rajesh S, Rajadurai Department of Microbiology and Botany School of Sciences Jain (Deemed-to-be University) JC road campus India International Institute of Aerospace Engineering and Management (IIAEM) Jain Global Campus Bengaluru 562112 India School of Allied Healthcare and Sciences Jain (Deemed-to-be University) Whitefield campus India Law and Forensic Materials Jain University Bangalore India Dr. Chenraj Roy Chand R & D centre Jain College V.V. Puram Bangalore 560004 India General Medicine Mahatma Gandhi Medical Research Institute Sri Balaji Vidyapeeth Pondicherry Campus Pondicherry 607402 India Dept. of Physiology Faculty of Allied Health Sciences & Dean Research Meenakshi Academy of Higher Education and Research Chennai 600 078 India Department of Microbiology IMS & SUM Hospital SOA University Odisha Bhubaneswar 751003 India Department of Orthopaedics Meenakshi Medical College Hospital and Research Institute Meenakshi Academy of Higher Education & Research Chennai 600078 India

Skin health is a vital indicator of overall well-being, notably influencing emotional and psychological states. Skin injuries which include, burns and diabetic, venous, and pressure ulcers are significant concerns in health care that are often demanding for appropriate management programs. Skin injuries may be due to acute or chronic trauma, infections, and operations and can cause severe dysfunction or death. Hence, early clinical intervention becomes crucial in managing the problem. Wound care involves many strategies from simple local dressing to complex debridement techniques such as bioactive dressings and skin grafting. Conventional wound healing products do not heal wounds adequately and can cause scarring, suggesting the possibility of new biomaterials. The current developments of applying natural polymers, which are large organic compounds obtained from renewable resources, have revealed potential utilization in biomedicine due to their inherent antibacterial and antioxidant features. These polymers are biocompatible, biodegradable, and nontoxic to the environment, therefore of great importance in developing sustainable products. The incorporation of nanoparticles brings beneficial changes to natural polymers where the antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and mechanical property is improved. The synergistic approach results in novel scaffold designs that promote cell functions and mimic the extracellular matrix (ECM) to further enhance wound healing. The present review aims to emphasize the potential and application of natural polymers in wound treatment. © 2025 The Authors

关键词： Biocompatible Natural polymers Scar reduction Silver nanoparticle Wound healing

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Process systems engineering - The generation next?

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COMPUTERS & CHEMICAL engineering 2021年 147卷 107252-107252页

作者： Pistikopoulos, E. N. Barbosa-Povoa, Ana Lee, Jay H. Misener, Ruth Mitsos, Alexander Reklaitis, G., v venkatasubramanian, v. You, Fengqi Gani, Rafiqul Texas A&M Univ Texas A&M Energy Inst College Stn TX 77843 USA Texas A&M Univ Artie McFerrin Dept Chem Engn College Stn TX 77843 USA Univ Lisbon Inst Super Tecn Engn & Management Dept Ctr Management Studies Av Rovisco Pais P-1049001 Lisbon Portugal Korea Adv Inst Sci & Technol KAIST Dept Chem & Biomol Engn Daejeon 34141 South Korea Imperial Coll London Dept Comp London SW7 2AZ England Rhein Westfal TH Aachen Proc Syst Engn AVTSVT Forckenbeckstr 51Room A-211 D-52074 Aachen Germany Purdue Univ Sch Chem Engn 480 Stadium Mall Dr W Lafayette IN 47907 USA Columbia Univ Dept Chem Engn New York NY 10027 USA Cornell Univ Robert Frederick Smith Sch Chem & Biomol Engn Ithaca NY 14853 USA PSE SPEED Co Skyttemosen 6 DK-3450 Allerod Denmark

Process Systems engineering (PSE) is the scientific discipline of integrating scales and components describing the behavior of a physicochemical system, via mathematical modelling, data analytics, design, optimization and control. PSE provides the 'glue' within scientific chemical engineering, and offers a scientific basis and computational tools towards addressing contemporary and future challenges such as in energy, environment, the 'industry of tomorrow' and sustainability. This perspective article offers a guide towards the next generation of PSE developments by looking at its history, core competencies, current status and ongoing trends. (c) 2021 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： Process systems engineering Synthesis-design Optimization Control Modelling Supply chain

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Simple technique for determining the refractive index of phase-change materials using near-infrared reflectometry

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optical MATERIALS EXPRESS 2020年第7期10卷 1675-1686页

作者： Gemo, E. Kesava, S., v Ruiz De Galarreta, C. Trimby, L. Garcia-Cuevas Carrillo, S. Riede, M. Baldycheva, A. Alexeev, A. Wright, C. D. Univ Exeter Dept Engn Exeter EX4 4QF Devon England Univ Oxford Dept Phys Oxford OX1 3PU England

Phase-change materials, such as the well-known ternary alloy Ge2Sb2Te5, are essential to many types of photonic devices, from re-writeable optical disk memories to more recent developments such as phase-change displays, reconfigurable optical metasurfaces, and integrated phase-change photonic devices and systems. The successful design and development of such applications and devices requires accurate knowledge of the complex refractive index of the phase-change material being used. To this end, it is common practice to rely on published experimental refractive index data. However, published values can vary quite significantly for notionally the same composition, no doubt due to variations in fabrication/deposition processes. Rather than rely on published data, a more reliable approach to index determination is to measure the properties of as-fabricated films, and this is usually carried out using specialized and dedicated ellipsometric equipment. In this paper, we propose a simple and effective alternative to ellipsometry, based on spectroscopic reflectance measurements of Fabry-Perot phase-change nanocavities. We describe this alternative approach in detail, apply it to measurement of the complex index of the archetypal phase-change materials Ge2Sb2Te5 and GeTe, and compare the results to those obtained using conventional ellipsometry, where we find good agreement.

关键词： Extinction coefficients Phase measurement Phase retrieval Reflectometry Refractive index Thin films

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