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Electrical performance of efficient quad-crescent-shaped Si nanowire solar cell

SCIENTIFIC REPORTS 2022年第1期12卷 1-20页

作者： El-Bashar, Ramy Hussein, Mohamed Hegazy, Salem F. Badr, Yehia Rahman, B. M. A. Grattan, Kenneth T., v Hameed, Mohamed Farhat O. Obayya, Salah S. A. Cairo Univ Natl Inst Laser Enhanced Sci NILES Giza 12613 Egypt Zewail City Sci & Technol Ctr Photon & Smart Mat Giza 12578 Egypt Karlsruhe Inst Technol Light Technol Inst Engesserstr 13 D-76131 Karlsruhe Germany Ain Shams Univ Fac Sci Dept Phys Cairo 11566 Egypt Univ London Dept Elect & Elect Engn London EC1V 0HB England Zewail City Sci & Technol Nanotechnol & Nanoelect Engn Program Giza 12578 Egypt Univ Mansoura Fac Engn Math & Engn Phys Dept Mansoura 35516 Egypt Univ Mansoura Fac Engn Dept Elect & Commun Engn Mansoura 35516 Egypt

The electrical characteristics of quad-crescent-shaped silicon nanowire (NW) solar cells (SCs) are numerically analyzed and as a result their performance optimized. The structure discussed consists of four crescents, forming a cavity that permits multiple light scattering with high trapping between the NWs. Additionally, new modes strongly coupled to the incident light are generated along the NWs. As a result, the optical absorption has been increased over a large portion of light wavelengths and hence the power conversion efficiency (PCE) has been improved. The electron-hole (e-h) generation rate in the design reported has been calculated using the 3D finite difference time domain method. Further, the electrical performance of the SC reported has been investigated through the finite element method, using the Lumerical charge software package. In this investigation, the axial and core-shell junctions were analyzed looking at the reported crescent and, as well, conventional NW designs. Additionally, the doping concentration and NW-junction position were studied in this design proposed, as well as the carrier-recombination-and-lifetime effects. This study has revealed that the high back surface field layer used improves the conversion efficiency by similar to 80%. Moreover, conserving the NW radial shell as a low thickness layer can efficiently reduce the NW sidewall recombination effect. The PCE and short circuit current were determined to be equal to 18.5% and 33.8 mA/cm2 for the axial junction proposed. However, the core-shell junction shows figures of 19% and 34.9 mA/cm2. The suggested crescent design offers an enhancement of 23% compared to the conventional NW, for both junctions. For a practical surface recombination velocity of 102 cm/s, the PCE of the proposed design, in the axial junction, has been reduced to 16.6%, with a reduction of 11%. However, the core-shell junction achieves PCE of 18.7%, with a slight reduction of 1.6%. Therefore, the optoelectronic p

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Recent progress on the development of g-C3N4 based composite material and their photocatalytic application of CO2 reductions

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JOURNAL OF ENvIRONMENTAL CHEMICAL engineering 2023年第3期11卷

作者： Prasad, Cheera Madkhali, Nawal Govinda, v. Choi, Hyeong Yeol Bahadur, Indra Sangaraju, Sambasivam Dong A Univ Dept Fash & Text Pusan 49315 South Korea Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic Univ IMISU Coll Sci Dept Phys Riyadh 11623 Saudi Arabia Gayatri Vidya Parishad Coll Degree & PG Courses Dept Chem Visakhapatnam 530045 Andhra Pradesh India North West Univ Dept Chem Private Bag X2046 ZA-2735 Mmabatho South Africa United Arab Emirates Univ Natl Water & Energy Ctr Al Ain 15551 U Arab Emirates

Photocatalytic CO2 reduction into valuable hydrocarbons like CH4, CH3OH, C2H5OH, HCOOH, and CO can tackle the problems of fossil fuel shortage and global warming immediately, however, semiconductor photocatalysts have been compensated with huge concentrations in the current years. Because of their small specific surface area and insufficient ability to adsorb CO2, several typical semiconductor samples do not perform as effectively as is required for realistic applications. Consequently, the measurement of catalysts with high CO2 uptake is important in the field of CO2 photoreduction. Graphite carbon nitride (g-C3N4) has materialized as a wunderkind in this area for its plentiful benefits. g-C3N4 with the characteristics of being non-hazardous, highly stable, and inexpensive, shows tremendous visible light absorption features (Eg= 2.7 ev) and for that reason mesmerized widespread concentration in the field of photocatalysis. The photocatalytic efficiency of pure g-C3N4 is low due to quick recombination of photogenerated electron/hole pairs, a low surface area, and insufficient visible light absorption. Its distinct band structure provides a promising approach to enhancing the charge separation, increasing the surface area, and enhancing light absorption when coupled with a large bandgap semiconductor to form a heterojunction composite. For this, g-C3N4 as a potent photocatalyst and a variety of synthesis techniques have been highlighted. Unlike other reviews that have been published, we discuss here the most recent developments in the design of heterostructures based on g-C3N4 for studying photoactivity for CO2 reduction. The g-C3N4 based heterostructures have been classified as semiconductor-supported g-C3N4 based heterostructures, graphene oxide (GO) supported g-C3N4 based heterostructures, non-metal or transition metal supported g-C3N4 based heterostructures, metal-organic frameworks supported g-C3N4-based heterostructures. Besides, the challenges and prospective

关键词： G-C 3 N 4 based heterostructure CO 2 reduction Metal -organic frameworks

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design of a head-mounted display with freeform mirrors 20

Design of a head-mounted display with freeform mirrors

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Conference on current developments in Lens design and optical engineering XX

作者： Rui, Congshan Zeng, Chunmei Hu, Tiantian Ma, Suodong Soochow Univ Sch Optoelect Sci & Engn Suzhou 215006 Peoples R China Soochow Univ Educ Minist China Key Lab Adv Opt Mfg Technol Jiangsu Prov Suzhou 215006 Peoples R China Soochow Univ Educ Minist China Key Lab Modern Opt Technol Suzhou 215006 Peoples R China

ISBN: (数字)9781510629028

ISBN: (纸本)9781510629028

A head-mounted display (HMD) requires a large field of view (FOv) and a large exit pupil diameter while maintaining a compact structure. In this paper, we show a head-mounted display design comprising two freeform mirrors covering a 28 degrees full field-of-view with an eye relief of 15mm. The simplified partial differential equation (PDE) method is applied in the design of a two-mirror HMD system. Then the data points on the unknown freeform mirrors are calculated using the rays from multiple fields and are used to construct the freeform mirrors in the HMD system, which is taken as a starting point. This simplified partial differential equation method makes calculations easier. The anamorphic surface and the XY polynomial freeform surface are used in the two freeform mirrors for improving the image quality, respectively. The optimization strategy is also described in detail. The final HMD system operates at F/3.75 with 8mm exit pupil diameter achieving good imaging performance.

关键词： Geometric optical design mirror system design head-mounted display optical freeform surface

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Searching for technosignatures in exoplanetary systems with current and future missions

arXiv

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arXiv 2022年

作者： Haqq-Misra, Jacob Schwieterman, Edward W. Socas-Navarro, Hector Kopparapu, Ravi Angerhausen, Daniel Beatty, Thomas G. Berdyugina, Svetlana Felton, Ryan Sharma, Siddhant De la Torre, Gabriel G. Apai, Dániel Blue Marble Space Institute of Science SeattleWA United States Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences University of California RiversideCA United States Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias C/Vía Láctea s/n Tenerife La LagunaE-38205 Spain Departamento de Astrofísica Universidad de La Laguna Tenerife La LagunaE-38206 Spain NASA Goddard Space Flight Center 8800 Greenbelt Road GreenbeltMD20771 United States ETH Zürich Institute for Particle Physics and Astrophysics Switzerland Department of Astronomy Steward Observatory University of Arizona TucsonAZ85721 United States Leibniz-Institut für Sonnenphysik Germany Catholic University of America WashingtonDC United States NASA Ames Research Center Mountain ViewCA United States Neuropsychology and Experimental Psychology Lab University of Cadiz Spain Department of Astronomy The University of Arizona TucsonAZ85721 United States Lunar and Planetary Laboratory The University of Arizona TucsonAZ85721 United States

Technosignatures refer to observational manifestations of technology that could be detected through astronomical means. Most previous searches for technosignatures have focused on searches for radio signals, but many current and future observing facilities could also constrain the prevalence of some non-radio technosignatures. This search could thus benefit from broader participation by the astronomical community, as contributions to technosignature science can also take the form of negative results that provide statistically meaningful quantitative upper limits on the presence of a signal. This paper provides a synthesis of the recommendations of the 2020 TechnoClimes workshop, which was an online event intended to develop a research agenda to prioritize and guide future theoretical and observational studies technosignatures. The paper provides a high-level overview of the use of current and future missions to detect exoplanetary technosignatures at ultraviolet, optical, or infrared wavelengths, which specifically focuses on the detectability of atmospheric technosignatures, artificial surface modifications, optical beacons, space engineering and megastructures, and interstellar flight. This overview does not derive any new quantitative detection limits but is intended to provide additional science justification for the use of current and planned observing facilities as well as to inspire astronomers conducting such observations to consider the relevance of their ongoing observations to technosignature science. This synthesis also identifies possible technology gaps with the ability of current and planned missions to search for technosignatures, which suggests the need to consider technosignature science cases in the design of future mission concepts. Copyright © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Extrasolar planets

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System engineering a Solar Thermal Propulsion Mission Concept for Rapid Interstellar Medium Access

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Advances in Astronautics Science and Technology 2021年第1期4卷 77-90页

作者： Sauder, Jonathan Preudhomme, Michael Mueller, Juergen Cheikh, Dean Sunada, Eric Karimi, Reza R. Couto, Abigail Arora, Nitin Rapinchuk, Jacqueline Alkalai, Leon Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology 4800 Oak Grove Dr. Pasadena CA United States Blue Origin 21218 76th Avenue S Kent WA United States Mandala Space Ventures 41 South Chester Avenue Pasadena 91106 CA United States

The interstellar medium (ISM) represents the next frontier in space exploration, with many new discoveries to be made. The challenge, being so far away from Earth, the ISM requires many decades to reach. To advance our knowledge of what exists beyond our solar system, new approaches for rapid access are required. One such approach is solar thermal propulsion (STP). The approach uses several venus and Earth gravity assists to fly to Jupiter and use its gravity well to dive towards the Sun. Approaching within three solar radii a perihelion burn would be performed, maximising the spacecraft’s Δv to achieve high solar system escape velocities. A unique aspect of the STP mission concept is that the Sun is used not only as a gravity well for an Oberth manoeuvre, but also to heat the fuel to ultra-high temperatures (> 3000 K), enabling a monopropellant burn with high specific impulse (I _sp). Prior preliminary studies indicated escape velocities of over 20 astronomical unit (AU)/year would be possible. An in-depth modelling exercise was undertaken to determine how such a system would perform. The model in this paper showed the current STP design is capable of providing just under 9 ± 1 AU/year, but there are many technology developments that could increase escape velocity. The technologies vary from items that could be implemented in the near term, like turbo-pumps driven by the hydrogen, to items requiring more extensive development programs like thin coatings which do not erode in superheated hydrogen. After reviewing the STP approach, and comparing it to a solid rocket motor (SRM), it was found that with currently available technology, SRM outperforms STP with an escape velocity of approximately 10–12 AU/year. However, future advances in heat exchanger lining materials, turbo pumps, and advanced heat exchanger geometries may enable solar thermal propulsion to provide higher escape velocities, providing one of the fastest ways to exit the solar system. Ultimate

关键词： Interstellar medium Oberth Perihelion Probe Propulsion system Solar

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Biomimetics: Nature‐Inspired design and Innovation 1

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2020年

作者： Sandy B. Primrose

ISBN: (数字)9781119683360

ISBN: (纸本)9781119683322

Provides a professional, contemporary, and concise review of the current knowledge and advances in biomimetics This book covers the field of biomimicry, an area of science where researchers look to mimic aspects of plants or animals in order to solve problems in aerospace, shipping, building, electronics, and optics, among others. It presents the latest developments in biomimicry and gives readers sufficient grounding to help them understand the current, and sometimes technically complex, research literature. Different themes are covered throughout and text boxes deal with the relevant physics for readers who may lack this knowledge. Biomimetics: Nature-Inspired design and Innovation examines issues in fluid dynamics such as avoiding sonic booms, reducing train noise, increasing wind turbine efficiency, and more. Next, it looks at optical applications, e.g. how nature generates color without dyes and pigment, and how animals stay cool in desert environments. A chapter on the built environment discusses cooling systems for buildings based on termite mounds; creating self-cleaning paint based on lotus leaves; unobtrusive solar panels based on ivy; and buildings that respond to the environment. Two more sections focus on biomimicry for the creation of smart materials and smart devices. The book finishes with a look at the field’s future over the next decade. Presents each topic in sufficient detail in order to enable the reader to comprehend the original scientific papers Emphasizes those examples of biomimicry that have made it into products Features text boxes that provide information on the relevant physics or engineering principles for biologists who do not have a physics background Covers the scientific literature up to July 2019 Biomimetics: Nature-Inspired design and Innovation is an excellent book for senior undergraduates and post-graduate students in the life sciences, material sciences, and bioengineering. It will also appeal to lay readers with an interest

关键词： cell \u0026 molecular biology

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Comprehensive device simulation of 16.9% efficient two-terminal PbS-PbS CQD tandem solar cell

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optical MATERIALS 2021年第PartA期122卷 111677-111677页

作者： Khanna, Arrik Pandey, Rahul Madan, Jaya Dhingra, Arvind Chitkara Univ Chitkara Coll Appl Engn Rajpura Punjab India Chitkara Univ Chitkara Univ Inst Engn & Technol VLSI Ctr Excellence Rajpura Punjab India Guru Nanak Dev Engn Coll Elect Engn Dept Ludhiana Punjab India

The significant losses that limit the efficiency of a single-junction solar cell are thermalization loss and transmission loss. Thus, to efficiently utilize the solar spectrum and mitigate these losses, tandem solar cells (TSCs) have significantly impacted the photovoltaic (Pv) landscape. In this context, the research on perovskite/silicon tandems is currently dominating the research community. However, challenges such as stability of perovskite, pin-hole defects, conformal deposition of perovskite over textured silicon, the low absorption coefficient of silicon, and high module cost of the bottom subcell are the tailback for its mass production at the industrial level. Therefore, considering the detailed balance limit for the TSC, a low-cost solution-processed top and bottom subcells with a tunable bandgap can be well thought for the low-cost tandem design. Thus, here in this work, two different PbS-PbS colloidal quantum dot (CQD) TSCs with a conversion efficiency of 15.6% and 16.9% are proposed through comprehensive device simulations. Three different PbS-CQDs with a bandgap of 1.14ev, 1.45ev, and 1.56ev are utilized to design the TSCs under consideration. Detailed standalone and tandem analysis has been carried out in terms of absorber layer thickness variation, filtered spectrum, filtered integrated power, current matching, tandem current density voltage (J-v) curves, and tandem Pv parameter to finalize the conversion efficiency. The filtered spectrums are obtained by using the transfer matrix method to account for the interfacial reflection losses and thin-film interference effects. The tandem device constructed using 1.45ev and 1.56ev based top subcell showed the open-circuit voltage v-OC of as high as 1.71v and 1.83v, respectively. The comprehensive theoretical analysis of PbS-PbS CQD tandem devices proposed in this work may pave the way for developing high-efficiency TSCs for low-cost applications.

关键词： PbS-CQD Tandem Simulation SCAPS-1D Filtered spectrum current matching

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基于光纤光栅的1310nm波段窄线宽混合集成外腔半导体激光器

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中国激光 2021年第20期48卷 34-40页

作者：梁虹魏芳孙延光孙广伟蔡海文中国科学院上海光学精密机械研究所空间激光传输与探测技术重点实验室上海201800 中国科学院大学材料与光电研究中心北京100049

利用单角度面半导体增益芯片及光纤布拉格光栅,研制了1310 nm波段的窄线宽混合集成外腔半导体激光器(ECDL)。该ECDL集成在一个紧凑的蝶形封装结构中,当工作温度和电流设置为25℃和280 mA时,EDCL的发射波长为1309.8 nm, 3 dB洛伦兹线宽为... 详细信息

利用单角度面半导体增益芯片及光纤布拉格光栅,研制了1310 nm波段的窄线宽混合集成外腔半导体激光器(ECDL)。该ECDL集成在一个紧凑的蝶形封装结构中,当工作温度和电流设置为25℃和280 mA时,EDCL的发射波长为1309.8 nm, 3 dB洛伦兹线宽为18 kHz, 3 h功率漂移量为0.6 mW,频率漂移量为315 MHz。另外,在工作温度为25℃时,激光无跳模电流调谐范围为7 GHz,调谐系数为47 MHz·mA^(-1)。该ECDL可广泛应用于光纤传感和光纤通信等领域。

关键词：激光器半导体激光器光纤布拉格光栅集成光学器件光纤传感

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SPT-3G+: Mapping the High-Frequency Cosmic Microwave Background Using Kinetic Inductance Detectors 11

SPT-3G+: Mapping the High-Frequency Cosmic Microwave Backgro...

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Conference on : Millimeter, Submillimeter, and Far-Infrared Detectors and Instrumentation for Astronomy XI

作者： Anderson, A. J. Barry, P. Bender, A. N. Benson, B. A. Bleem, L. E. Carlstrom, J. E. Cecil, T. W. Chang, C. L. Crawford, T. M. Dibert, K. R. Dobbs, M. A. Fichman, K. Halverson, N. W. Holzapfel, W. L. Hryciuk, A. Karkare, K. S. Li, J. Lisovenko, M. Marrone, D. McMahon, J. Montgomery, J. Natoli, T. Pan, Z. Raghunathan, S. Reichardt, C. L. Rouble, M. Shirokoff, E. Smecher, G. Stark, A. A. vieira, J. D. Young, M. R. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab MS209POB 500 Batavia IL 60510 USA Univ Chicago Kayli Inst Cosmol Phys 5640 South Ellis Ave Chicago IL 60637 USA Univ Chicago Dept Astron & Astrophys 5640 South Ellis Ave Chicago IL 60637 USA Cardiff Univ Sch Phys & Astron Cardiff CF24 3YB Wales Argonne Natl Lab High Energy Phys Div 9700 South Cass Ave Lemont IL 60439 USA Univ Chicago Enrico Fermi Inst 5640 South Ellis Ave Chicago IL 60637 USA Univ Chicago Dept Phys 5640 South Ellis Ave Chicago IL 60637 USA McGill Univ Dept Phys 3600 Rue Univ Montreal PQ H3A 2T8 Canada McGill Univ McGill Space Inst 3600 Rue Univ Montreal PQ H3A 2T8 Canada Canadian Inst Adv Res CIFAR Program Grav & Extreme Universe Toronto ON M5G 1Z8 Canada Univ Colorado Dept Astrophys & Planetary Sci CASA Boulder CO 80309 USA Univ Colorado Dept Phys Boulder CO 80309 USA Univ Calif Berkeley Dept Phys Berkeley CA 94720 USA Univ Arizona Steward Observ 933 North Cherry Ave Tucson AZ 85721 USA Univ Arizona Dept Astron 933 North Cherry Ave Tucson AZ 85721 USA Natl Ctr Supercomp Applicat Ctr AstroPhys Surveys Urbana IL 61801 USA Univ Melbourne Sch Phys Parkville Vic 3010 Australia Three Speed Log Inc Victoria BC V8S 3Z5 Canada Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys 60 Garden St Cambridge MA 02138 USA Univ Illinois Dept Astron 1002 West Green St Urbana IL 61801 USA Univ Illinois Dept Phys 1110 West Green St Urbana IL 61801 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781510653627;9781510653610

We present the design and science goals of SPT-3G+, a new camera for the South Pole Telescope, which will consist of a dense array of 34 100 kinetic inductance detectors measuring the cosmic microwave background (CMB) at 220, 285 and 345 GHz. The SPT-3G+ dataset will enable new constraints on the process of reionization, including measurements of the patchy kinematic Sunyaev-Zeldovich effect and improved constraints on the optical depth due to reionization. At the same time, it will serve as a pathfinder for the detection of Rayleigh scattering, which could allow future CMB surveys to constrain cosmological parameters better than from the primary CMB alone. In addition, the combined, multi-band SPT-3G and SPT-3G+ survey data, will have several synergies that enhance the original SPT-3G survey, including: extending the redshift-reach of SZ cluster surveys to z > 2;understanding the relationship between magnetic fields and star formation in our Galaxy;improved characterization of the impact of dust on inflationary B-mode searches;and characterizing astrophysical transients at the boundary between mm and sub-mm wavelengths. Finally, the modular design of the SPT-3G+ camera allows it to serve as an on-sky demonstrator for new detector technologies employing microwave readout, such as the on-chip spectrometers that we expect to deploy during the SPT-3G+ survey. In this paper, we describe the science goals of the project and the key technology developments that enable its powerful yet compact design.

关键词： cosmic microwave background kinetic inductance detectors South Pole Telescope kinematic Suriyaev-Zel'dovich effect

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Contact lens design to third order to compensate the spherical aberration of the eye from Zernike polynomials 20

Contact lens design to third order to compensate the spheric...

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Conference on current developments in Lens design and optical engineering XX

作者： Garcia-Lievanos, O. Teran-Bobadilla, Emiliano Hernandez-Flores, Luis A. Sanchez-Gonzalez, Leticia Inst Politecn Nacl Ctr Interdisciplinario Ciencias Salud Unidad Santo Tomas Dept Optometry Av Maestros S-N Mexico City 11340 DF Mexico Univ Autonoma Sinaloa Dept Optometry Culiacan Rosales 80040 Sininaloa Mexico

ISBN: (数字)9781510629028

ISBN: (纸本)9781510629028

To compensate the spherical aberration of the eye using the conic constant of the first surface of a contact lens for different refractive errors. Refractive errors were simulated by modifying only the first curvature of the cornea. For every refractive error was calculating Zernike polynomials using Optics Software for Layout and Optimization (OSLO) EDU edition with and without contact lens. To calculate the conic constant of the contact lens we use the Seidel sums for thin lenses from the longitudinal spherical aberration as it proposes v. Mahajan. The value of Zernike spherical aberration coefficient for the eye with farsightedness (+ 5.00 D) + spherical contact lens was 0.142691 mu m. The conic constant value to compensate the spherical aberration was -0.222995 and the value of Zernike spherical aberration coefficient of the eye + aspherical contact lens was 0.004354 mu m. The value of Zernike spherical aberration coefficient for the eye with myopia (- 5.00 D) + spherical contact lens was 0.144505 mu m. The conic constant value to compensate the spherical aberration was -0.101424 and the value of Zernike spherical aberration coefficient of the eye + aspherical contact lens was 0.072820 mu m. The proposed method allows us to design contact lenses that compensate for the spherical aberration of the eye from the Zernike polynomials. Although the design of contact lenses is to third order, we obtain a smaller spherical aberration than the chromatic aberration on the axis without use optimization routine.

关键词： Contact lens spherical aberration aberration of the eye and Zernike polynomials

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