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Lissajous Scan From an optical Fiber Scanner

IEEE ACCESS 2023年 11卷 75173-75178页

作者： Kaur, Mandeep Menon, Carlo Simon Fraser Univ Sch Mechatron Syst Engn & Engn Sci Menrva Res Grp Surrey BC V3T 0A3 Canada Swiss Fed Inst Technol Dept Hlth Sci & Technol Biomed & Mobile Hlth Technol Lab CH-8008 Zurich Switzerland

optical devices are frequently being used in medical applications to image lesions and malignancies, and to assist with surgical procedures. The advances in micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMSs) and optics led to the fabrication of flexible endoscopes as small as a few millimeters in diameter. The design of a sub-millimeter sized optical fiber scanner is presented in this paper. The proposed scanner consisted of a vibrating optical fiber that carried the laser light to the targeted imaging sample. The desired vibratory motion of the scanning device was obtained using a U-shaped electrothermal actuator where the asymmetry in the actuator's arm length caused the free end of the actuating device to bend allowing a bidirectional motion at its free end. The periodic square current wave passing through the actuator caused it to bend in a timely manner. By matching the signal frequency to the resonant frequency of the cantilever fiber and placing the cantilever appropriately relative to the actuator, the distal end of the fiber was allowed to follow a Lissajous scan. In optical scanners, the Lissajous scan pattern is normally obtained using a pair of actuators. This paper presents the design of a scanner providing a 2D Lissajous scan using a single actuator. Such a technique can provide basis for the development of sub-millimeter sized forward-viewing endoscopic catheters, whereas the smallest single fiber endoscope has a diameter of 1.2 mm. In the medical field, such a device has the potential to image small cavities of the body increasing the diagnostic yield of the medical procedures.

关键词： Electrothermal actuator fiber optic scanner MEMS micro-cantilever resonance vibration

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Development of a Technological Electron Gun Magnetic Deflection Unit

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Russian Electrical engineering 2024年第1期95卷 88-93页

作者： Goncharov, A.L. Shcherbakov, A.v. Kozhechenko, A.S. Gaponova, D.A. Rodyakina, R.v. Sevryukov, A.P. Moscow Power Engineering Institute Moscow111250 Russia

Abstract: A comprehensive methodology for designing a magnetic deflection system for a technological electron gun is proposed. The feasibility of using deflection systems with an internal magnetic circuit and toroidal coil sections to form deflection fields that ensure azimuth beam rotation with a constant angle of deviation from the vertical axis is substantiated. The potential of computer modeling is shown both at the stage of calculating the deflection field and beam displacement and at the stage of creating the design of the system frame for its subsequent manufacture based on 3D printing. The main coil parameters are determined, and the circuit diagram of a current stabilizer with external control from a digital-to-analog converter is developed. Dependences are presented showing the relationship between control signals and deflection angles in the developed unit prototype. It is shown that the proposed technique is universal and can be used to create electron-optical gun elements providing deflection, scanning, parallel transfer or adjustment of technological electron beams. © Allerton Press, Inc. 2024. ISSN 1068-3712, Russian Electrical engineering, 2024, vol. 95, No. 1, pp. 88–93. Allerton Press, Inc., 2024. Russian Text The Author(s), 2024, published in Elektrotekhnika, 2024, No. 1, pp. 87–92.

关键词： Electron beams

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Method for designing optical systems from the off-the-shelf optical components 23

Method for designing optical systems from the off-the-shelf ...

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Conference on current developments in Lens design and optical engineering XXIII Part of SPIE Optics and Photonics Conference

作者： Ryzhikov, Lev 136 Newtown Ave Unit 7 Norwalk CT 06851 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781510654198;9781510654181

Several off-the-shelf optical lenses and lens components are available for use in the design of new optical systems. But there isn't a clear methodology on how effective there can be in a real optical device. It should be noted that the use of standard optical elements reduces the cost of the optical device, which is especially important for mass production. Ease and speed of replacement are also important parameters for the usability of standard optical elements. That is why the extensive use of purchased optical elements in optical devices will simplify their operation and improve the convenience of maintenance. Selecting purchased optical components of an optical circuit is not an easy task and requires certain skills. The main problem is that the optical design stage is divided into two parts. The first part is the creation of an optical circuit from non-standard (custom) optical components with optical characteristics close to cataloging lenses. The second part is to adjust the position of the optical component to satisfy specification requirements. This process sometimes required several iterations. For the process of fitting distances in an optical system to be successful, it is necessary to take into account the properties of optical glasses such as refractive index and dispersion when choosing lens components, in addition to their focal lengths and geometrical dimensions. It should be noted that in the catalogs of optical components there are optical parameters of lenses, and also glass parameters of the lens. This is essential information for lens designers to substitution the custom optical element for the off-the-shelf lens. Problems that arise with such a replacement are based on a limited number of standard lenses and lens components. To get comfortable for replacement, the custom lenses components must be modified (adjusted) so that optical parameters will be close enough to the parameters of the catalog lenses other words during the custom lenses opt

关键词： optical components Lenses Glasses optical design Relays Head Aberration correction Lens design Refractive index Tolerancing

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Prescription in AR/vR: a holistic design approach 5

Prescription in AR/VR: a holistic design approach

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optical Architectures for Displays and Sensing in Augmented, virtual, and Mixed Reality (AR, vR, MR) v 2024

作者： Stevens, Robert Ganeswaran, Prashanthan Oxford Optical Laboratories Oasis Business Park Chilbrook Stanton Harcourt Rd Eynsham WitneyOX29 4TP United Kingdom

ISBN: (纸本)9781510670860

optical systems for AR/vR headsets are designed for those who do not require vision correction. The reality, however, is that around 60% of the population have an ophthalmic prescription, and users generally prefer not to wear eyeglasses under a headset. This results in the user experience being compromised optically when compared to the design intent, even when the device has been designed with additional space to allow for glasses to be worn underneath. AR/vR devices are being engineered with high resolution displays and the optics optimised to for MTF, however with very little refractive error, the user will not be able to resolve such detail. Therefore, prescription correction is required for most users to be able to experience most new vR & AR devices as per their design. Market research suggests the limitations of current vR devices suggest that the very few understand their vision or know their prescription and fewer are aware of existing prescription correction solutions. This presentation discusses the advantages and disadvantages of prescription correction solutions for dedicated and shared use cases. © 2024 SPIE. All rights reserved.

关键词： Market Research

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design and Comparative Analysis of FD-SOI FinFET with Dual-dielectric Spacers for High Speed Switching Applications

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SILICON 2024年第4期16卷 1535-1542页

作者： Amani, Manmari Panigrahy, Asisa Kumar Choubey, Abhishek Choubey, Shruti Bhargava Sreenivasulu, v. Bharath Nair, Digvijay v. Swain, Raghunandan Gokaraju Rangaraju Inst Engn & Technol Dept ECE Hyderabad 500090 India ICFAI Fdn Higher Educ Hyderabad Fac Sci & Technol Icfaitech Dept ECE Hyderabad 501203 India Sreenidhi Inst Sci & Technol Dept ECE Hyderabad 501301 India REVA Univ Sch Elect & Commun Engn Bangalore 560064 Karnataka India Parala Maharaja Engn Coll Dept ETC Berhampur 761003 Odisha India

Moore's law claims that recent technological developments have already resulted in a significant rise in the number of transistors on a chip. By switching from a conventional MOSFET built with a single control gate to one with numerous control gates, the device's manageability has been significantly improved. Apart from this dielectric spacer plays a vital role in enhancing the device's performance drastically. This work compares the performance of fully depleted Silicon on Insulator (SOI) FinFETs constructed with single-k and dual-k dielectric spacers, adjusting the channel doping concentration as 1 x 1019/cm3, 1 x 1018 /cm3, and 1 x 1017 /cm3. Among the single dielectric spacers investigated are air, SiO2, HfO2, and a dual spacer combination with HfO2+SiO2 between the source (S) and drain (D) terminals. The leakage current will be successfully reduced, and short channel effects (SCEs) will be improved with FinFETs that include dual dielectric spacer dielectric materials in the design. The performance of CMOS inverter for various dielectrics is also performed and its effect on a single dielectric spacer is analyzed. The performance of the designed FinFET with single-k and dual-k spacers is analyzed using the visual-TCAD 3D Cogenda tool and circuit aspects are performed using the CADENCE platform. Exciting device DC properties are established, including ION to IOFF ratio of 105, DIBL of 13 mv/v, sub-threshold swing (SS) of 72 mv/dec, and low threshold voltage (vth) of 0.16 v for channel doping concentration of 1 x 1019 cm-3 of the dual-k HfO2+SiO2 spacer combination. Single spacer dielectrics are effective for low power, while multiple spacer dielectrics efficiently limit leakages and effectively increase switching speed.

关键词： FinFET Nanosheet FET Subthreshold Swing (SS) DIBL Short channel effects (SCE) Dual dielectric spacer

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Chemistry, applications, and future prospects of structured liquids

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CHEMICAL SOCIETY REvIEWS 2024年第19期53卷 9652-9717页

作者： Ghaffarkhah, Ahmadreza Hashemi, Seyyed Alireza Isari, Ali Akbar Panahi-Sarmad, Mahyar Jiang, Feng Russell, Thomas P. Rojas, Orlando J. Arjmand, Mohammad Univ British Columbia Bioprod Inst Dept Chem & Biol Engn Vancouver BC V6T 1Z3 Canada Univ British Columbia Sch Engn Nanomat & Polymer Nanocomposites Lab Kelowna BC V1V 1V7 Canada Univ British Columbia Bioprod Inst Dept Wood Sci Sustainable Funct Biomat Lab Vancouver BC V6T 1Z4 Canada Univ Massachusetts Amherst Polymer Sci & Engn Dept 120 Governors Dr Amherst MA 01003 USA Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab Mat Sci Div 1 Cyclotron Rd Berkeley CA 94720 USA Tohoku Univ Adv Inst Mat Res WPI AIMR 2-1-1 KatahiraAoba Ku Sendai 9808577 Japan Univ British Columbia Dept Chem Vancouver BC V6T 1Z1 Canada Univ British Columbia Dept Wood Sci Vancouver BC V6T 1Z4 Canada

Structured liquids are emerging functional soft materials that combine liquid flowability with solid-like structural stability and spatial organization. Here, we delve into the chemistry and underlying principles of structured liquids, ranging from nanoparticle surfactants (NPSs) to supramolecular assemblies and interfacial jamming. We then highlight recent advancements related to the design of intricate all-liquid 3D structures and examine their reconfigurability. Additionally, we demonstrate the versatility of these soft functional materials through innovative applications, such as all-liquid microfluidic devices and liquid microreactors. We envision that in the future, the vast potential of the liquid-liquid interface combined with human creativity will pave the way for innovative platforms, exemplified by current developments like liquid batteries and circuits. Although still in its nascent stages, the field of structured liquids holds immense promise, with future applications across various sectors poised to harness their transformative capabilities. This review article centers around structured liquids and their underlying mechanisms. The focus is on the chemistry, applications, characterization, reconfigurability, and future prospects of this class of soft materials.

关键词： Soft materials

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Recent Advances in CMOS Electrochemical Biosensor design for Microbial Monitoring: Review and design Methodology

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON BIOMEDICAL CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS 2023年第2期17卷 202-228页

作者： Hosseini, Seyedeh-Nazila Das, Partha Sarati Lazarjan, vahid Khojasteh Gagnon-Turcotte, Gabriel Bouzid, Karim Gosselin, Benoit Univ Laval Dept Elect & Comp Engn Quebec City PQ G1V0A6 Canada Univ Laval Smart Biomed Microsyst Lab Quebec City PQ G1V0A6 Canada

Rapid, high-sensitivity, and real-time characterization of microorganisms plays a significant role in several areas, including clinical diagnosis, human healthcare, early detection of outbreaks, and the protection of living beings. Integrating microbiology and electrical engineering promises the development of low-cost, miniaturized, autonomous, and high-sensitivity sensors to quantify and characterize bacterial strains at various concentrations. Electrochemical-based biosensors are receiving particular attention in microbiological applications among the different biosensing devices. Several approaches have been adopted to design and fabricate cutting-edge, miniaturized, and portable electrochemical biosensors to track and monitor bacterial cultures in real time. These techniques differ in their sensing interface circuits and microelectrode fabrication. The goals of this review are (1) to summarize the current state of CMOS sensing circuit designs in label-free electrochemical biosensors for bacteria monitoring and (2) to discuss the material and size of the electrodes used in electrochemical biosensors in microbiological applications. In this paper, we reviewed the latest and most advanced CMOS integrated interface circuits that have recently been used in electrochemical biosensors to identify and characterize bacteria species, such as impedance spectroscopy, capacitive, amperometry, and voltammetry, etc. In addition to the interface circuit design, other crucial factors, such as the material and scale of the electrodes, must be considered to increase the sensitivity of electrochemical biosensors. Surveying the literature in this field improves our knowledge about the impact of electrode designs and materials on sensing precision and will help future designers adapt, design, and fabricate appropriate electrode configurations based on their application. Thus, we summarized the conventional microelectrode designs and materials mainly employed in microbial sensors, in

关键词： Biosensors Microorganisms Sensors Monitoring Sensitivity optical sensors Microelectrodes CMOS circuits electrochemical biosensors IDE microbiology microelectrodes microbial monitoring MEA point-of-care

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Solar‑Driven Sustainability:Ⅲ–ⅤSemiconductor for Green Energy Production Technologies

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Nano-Micro Letters 2024年第11期16卷 445-478页

作者： Chandran Bagavath Jeong‑Kyun Oh Sang‑Wook Lee Dae‑Young Um Sung‑Un Kim veeramuthu vignesh Jin‑Seo Park Shuo Han Cheul‑Ro Lee Yong‑Ho Ra Division of Advanced Materials Engineering Engineering CollegeResearch Center for Advanced Materials Development(RCAMD)Jeonbuk National UniversityJeonju 54896Republic of Korea

Long-term societal prosperity depends on addressing the world’s energy and environmental problems,and photocatalysis has emerged as a viable *** the efficiency of photocatalytic processes is fundamentally achieved by optimizing the effective utilization of solar energy and enhancing the efficient separation of photogenerated *** has been demonstrated that the fabrication ofⅢ–Ⅴsemiconductor-based photocatalysts is effective in increasing solar light absorption,long-term stability,large-scale production and promoting charge *** focused review explores on the current developments inⅢ–Ⅴsemiconductor materials for solar-powered photocatalytic *** review explores on various subjects,including the advancement ofⅢ–Ⅴsemiconductors,photocatalytic mechanisms,and their uses in H2 conversion,CO_(2)reduction,environmental remediation,and photocatalytic oxidation and reduction *** order to design heterostructures,the review delves into basic concepts including solar light absorption and effective charge *** also highlights significant advancements in green energy systems for water splitting,emphasizing the significance of establishing eco-friendly systems for CO_(2)reduction and hydrogen *** main purpose is to produce hydrogen through sustainable and ecologically friendly energy *** review intends to foster the development of greener and more sustainable energy source by encouraging researchers and developers to focus on practical applications and advancements in solar-powered photocatalysis.

关键词： Green energy system Hydrogen evolution CO_(2)reduction Ⅲ-Ⅴsemiconductors Photo electrochemical water splitting

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design and Evaluation of HvDC Power Supply for Remotely Operated vehicle 59

Design and Evaluation of HVDC Power Supply for Remotely Oper...

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59th International Universities Power engineering Conference, UPEC 2024

作者： Alimi, Sulaimon O Al-Greer, Maher Pinedo-Cuenca, Ruben Warnakulasuriya, Kapila Dhanapala, vijira Gurwicz, David School of Computing Engineering and Digital Technologies Teesside University Middlesbrough United Kingdom Buckingham Magnetics Ltd Victoria Building Middlesbrough United Kingdom

ISBN: (纸本)9798350379730

The growing demand for high-voltage direct current (HvDC) power supplies in the field of remotely operated vehicles (ROvs) has experienced a significant rise due to developments in underwater exploration and intervention technologies. This study provides an in-depth analysis of the design and assessment of a HvDC power supply system for ROvs. The main goal is to attain a substantial direct current (DC) voltage output of 5000 v, which is crucial for supplying power to ROv activities in deep-sea environments. To achieve this objective, a sophisticated configuration of a 24-pulse rectifier is presented and thoroughly examined. The design process entails a detailed evaluation of component selection and circuit topology to guarantee optimal efficiency and reliability. The 24-pulse rectifier is specifically focused on the benefits it provides, especially in terms of minimising harmonics and enhancing power quality. These factors are crucial for underwater applications, where ensuring a reliable and efficient power supply is of utmost importance. The suggested HvDC power supply is subjected to comprehensive evaluation through simulation studies. The success of the design technique is validated by thoroughly assessing performance parameters like voltage regulation, efficiency, harmonic distortion, and ripple factor. The proposed system demonstrated approximately 99.99% efficiency, with a total harmonic distortion (THD) of 0.045 and voltage and current ripple values of 0.0646% and 10.3911%, respectively. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Harmonic distortion

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Understanding Healthcare design Transformations. Insights from the Swedish Experience

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Studies in Health Technology and Informatics 2024年 319卷 237-249页

作者： Sacchetti, Laura Lindahl, Göran Department of Architecture University of Ferrara Italy Chalmers University of Technology Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering Centre for Healthcare Architecture Sweden

ISBN: (纸本)9781643685496

In Europe, most countries are facing common healthcare challenges that lead to a need for innovation, effectiveness and efficiency in the healthcare systems. This is often addressed through actions and intentions including enhanced primary and integrated care. However, these developments seem to be progressing slowly and non-uniformly, nor is there knowledge exchange, and the full implications of these changes on healthcare design are still unfolding. The research presented investigates what are the current trends in healthcare systems and the effects on design transformations, focusing on the Swedish experience. In Sweden, a reform known as "Nära vård" [Close Care], aims to "reconstruct" the core of the healthcare service around primary care. It strives to bring care "closer" to people and communities concerning access to both care and the facilities where it is delivered. The objective of this paper is to understand what can be learnt from the Swedish experience;the research presented aims at investigating the effects of the Close Care reform on primary care facilities design. The study was conducted from April to July 2023, and it consisted of: i) desk research and literature review;ii) data collection through 12 interviews with experts;iii) data analysis through qualitative content analysis;iv) study visits to local care facilities. From the interviews, 10 factors for change and 9 challenges emerged. Moreover, it appears that the organisational structure of the Swedish healthcare system caters for regional and individual projects’ interpretations of how to bring care "closer" to the patients;this variation allows for a broader understanding of the advantages and drawbacks of each organisational model and design, and it reinforces the idea that there is no "one-size-fits-all" for close care. This diversity points to a need for a project evaluation program of the ongoing experiences, aimed at assessing the performance and effectiveness of each approach. © 2024 The

关键词： Healthcare design community local healthcare facilities post-project evaluation primary care facilities

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