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A suite of neurophotonic tools to underpin the contribution of internal brain states in fMRI

current OPINION IN BIOMEDICAL engineering 2021年 18卷 100273页

作者： Machler, Philipp Broggini, Thomas Mateo, Celine Thunemann, Martin Fomin-Thunemann, Natalie Doran, Patrick R. Sencan, Ikbal Kilic, Kivilcim Desjardins, Michele Uhlirova, Hana Yaseen, Mohammad A. Boas, David A. Linninger, Andreas A. vergassola, Massimo Yu, Xin Lewis, Laura D. Polimeni, Jonathan R. Rosen, Bruce R. Sakadzic, Sava Buxton, Richard B. Lauritzen, Martin Kleinfeld, David Devor, Anna Boston Univ Dept Biomed Engn Boston MA 02215 USA Univ Calif San Diego Dept Phys La Jolla CA 92093 USA Harvard Med Sch Athinoula A Martinos Ctr Biomed Imaging Massachusetts Gen Hosp Dept Radiol Charlestown MA 02129 USA Univ Laval Dept Phys Genie Phys & Opt Quebec City PQ G1V 0A6 Canada Czech Acad Sci Inst Sci Instruments Brno Czech Republic Northeastern Univ Dept Bioengn Boston MA 02115 USA Univ Illinois Dept Bioengn Chicago IL 60607 USA Ecole Normale Super Dept Phys F-75005 Paris France Univ Calif San Diego Dept Radiol La Jolla CA 92037 USA Univ Copenhagen Dept Neurosci & Pharmacol DK-2200 Copenhagen N Denmark Glostrup Cty Hosp Dept Clin Neurophysiol DK-2600 Glostrup Denmark Univ Calif San Diego Sect Neurobiol La Jolla CA 92093 USA

Recent developments in optical microscopy, applicable for large-scale and longitudinal imaging of cortical activity in behaving animals, open unprecedented opportunities to gain a deeper understanding of neurovascular and neurometabolic coupling during different brain states. Future studies will leverage these tools to deliver foundational knowledge about brain state-dependent regulation of cerebral blood flow and metabolism, as well as regulation as a function of brain maturation and aging. This knowledge is of critical importance to interpret hemodynamic signals observed with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI).

关键词： Neuromodulation optical imaging Hemodynamic CMRO2 Glycolysis

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Inverse-designed multi-dimensional silicon photonic transmitters

arXiv

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arXiv 2021年

作者： Yang, Ki Youl White, Alexander D. Ashtiani, Farshid Shirpurkar, Chinmay Pericherla, Srinivas v. Chang, Lin Song, Hao Zou, Kaiheng Zhou, Huibin Pang, Kai Yang, Joshua Guidry, Melissa A. Lukin, Daniil M. Hao, Han Trask, Lawrence Ahn, Geun Ho Netherton, Aandy Briles, Travis C. Stone, Jordan R. Rechtman, Lior Stone, Jeffery S. van Gasse, Kasper Skarda, Jinhie L. Su, Logan vercruysse, Dries MacLean, Jean-Philippe W. Aghaeimeibodi, Shahriar Li, Ming-Jun Miller, David A.B. Marom, Dan Papp, Scott B. Willner, Alan E. Bowers, John E. Delfyett, Peter J. Aflatouni, Firooz vučković, Jelena E.L.Ginzton Laboratory Stanford University StanfordCA United States Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering University of Pennsylvania PhiladelphiaPA United States The College of Optics and Photonics University of Central Florida OrlandoFL32816 United States Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of California Santa BarbaraCA United States Department of Electrical Engineering University of Southern California Los AngelesCA United States Time and Frequency Division National Institute of Standards and Technology BoulderCO United States Applied Physics Department The Hebrew University of Jerusalem Jerusalem Israel Corning Incorporated CorningNY United States Department of Physics University of Colorado BoulderCO United States

Modern microelectronic processors have migrated towards parallel computing architectures with many-core processors. However, such expansion comes with diminishing returns exacted by the high cost of data movement between individual processors. The use of optical interconnects1,2 has burgeoned as a promising technology that can address the limits of this data transfer. While recent pushes to enhance optical communication have focused on developing wavelength-division multiplexing technology, this approach will eventually saturate the usable bandwidth, and new dimensions of data transfer will be paramount to fulfill the ever-growing need for speed3–6. Here we demonstrate an integrated intra- and inter-chip multi-dimensional communication scheme enabled by photonic inverse design. Using inverse-designed mode-division multiplexers, we combine wavelength- and mode- multiplexing and send massively parallel data through nano-photonic waveguides and optical fibres. Crucially, as we take advantage of an orthogonal optical basis, our approach is inherently scalable to a multiplicative enhancement over the current state of the art. © 2021, CC BY.

关键词： Parallel architectures

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BCD工艺下光电集成的单光子雪崩光电二极管及前端电路的研制

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光学精密工程 2021年第2期29卷 267-277页

作者：史晓凤庞雪朱丽君张新宇张媛韩波李佩君郭博程翔阜阳师范大学计算机与信息工程院安徽阜阳236037 厦门大学航空航天学院福建厦门361102

提出一种基于BCD工艺用于检测微弱光信号的单光子雪崩光电二极管(SPAD)及前端淬灭-复位电路(QRC)。为减小边缘击穿的风险,提高响应度,设计了一种圆形P+/Nwell/Deep Nwell结构SPAD,Deep Nwell和衬底之间形成的pn结,能够有效减少p衬底流... 详细信息

提出一种基于BCD工艺用于检测微弱光信号的单光子雪崩光电二极管(SPAD)及前端淬灭-复位电路(QRC)。为减小边缘击穿的风险,提高响应度,设计了一种圆形P+/Nwell/Deep Nwell结构SPAD,Deep Nwell和衬底之间形成的pn结,能够有效减少p衬底流向雪崩区的暗电流,降低暗计数率,也保证了较小的纵向渡越时间,提高了响应速度。同时设计了P阱保护环,增大了器件的击穿电压。采用silvaco对器件进行二维仿真,与传统的P+/Nwell结构以及P+/Nwell/BNwell结构进行了比较,验证了设计结构在击穿电压、响应度方面的优越性。为实现光电探测器与集成电路的协同设计,改进了APD光电器件的等效电路模型并在此基础上设计了主动淬灭复位电路,死时间约为2.6 ns,能够达到快速探测的目的。测试结果表明,P+/Nwell/DNwell结构的雪崩击穿电压为15.8 v,在过电压为0.2 v时,650 nm光照射下,响应度约为0.80 A/W,暗计数率为20 kHz。

关键词：单光子雪崩光电二极管光电集成 BCD工艺响应度飞行时间传感器

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Translating Tactics from Direct CO2 Electroreduction to Electroorganic Coupling Reactions with CO2

ADVANCED ENERGY AND SUSTAINABILITY RESEARCH

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ADvANCED ENERGY AND SUSTAINABILITY RESEARCH 2021年第6期2卷

作者： Medvedeva, Xenia, v Medvedev, Jury J. Klinkova, Anna Univ Waterloo Waterloo Inst Nanotechnol Dept Chem Waterloo ON N2L 3G1 Canada

Sustainable electrosynthesis technologies are rapidly developing stimulated by the drive for sustainable chemical manufacturing and the increasingly accessible renewable electricity prices. The electrochemical utilization of easily available feedstock, such as carbon dioxide (CO2), has attracted significant attention as it can additionally help closing the disrupted carbon cycle. While direct CO2 reduction has benefited from recent advancements in the catalyst, electrolyte and system design, developments in electrochemical coupling of CO2 with organic precursors to yield value-added chemicals have been lagging behind due to the apparent disconnect between the direct CO2 reduction and the organic electrosynthesis communities. currently, electrocarboxylation reactions require high operating voltages, show low current densities, limited selectivity towards target products and are associated with low atom economy due to the reliance on sacrificial anode dissolution. Advancing this indirect electrochemical CO2 utilization strategy will enable sustainable synthesis of valuable chemicals including non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and precursors for plasticizers and commercially-relevant polymers-all of which are currently produced with high carbon footprint and low atom economy. This perspective discusses the current state-of-the-art in electroorganic synthesis with CO2 as a one-carbon synthon and suggests several transferrable strategies from direct CO2 reduction breakthroughs to advance electrocarboxylation and bring it closer to industrial implementation.

关键词： CO2 reduction electrocarboxylation electrocatalysis electroorganic synthesis sustainable development

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optical Properties of Materials and Their Applications, Second Edition 2e

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丛书名： Wiley Series in Materials for Electronic & Optoelectronic Applications

2019年

作者： Jai Singh

ISBN: (数字)9781119506003

ISBN: (纸本)9781119506317

Provides a semi-quantitative approach to recent developments in the study of optical properties of condensed matter systems Featuring contributions by noted experts in the field of electronic and optoelectronic materials and photonics, this book looks at the optical properties of materials as well as their physical processes and various classes. Taking a semi-quantitative approach to the subject, it presents a summary of the basic concepts, reviews recent developments in the study of optical properties of materials and offers many examples and applications. optical Properties of Materials and Their Applications, 2nd Edition starts by identifying the processes that should be described in detail and follows with the relevant classes of materials. In addition to featuring four new chapters on optoelectronic properties of organic semiconductors, recent advances in electroluminescence, perovskites, and ellipsometry, the book covers: optical properties of disordered condensed matter and glasses; concept of excitons; photoluminescence, photoinduced changes, and electroluminescence in noncrystalline semiconductors; and photoinduced bond breaking and volume change in chalcogenide glasses. Also included are chapters on: nonlinear optical properties of photonic glasses; kinetics of the persistent photoconductivity in crystalline III-v semiconductors; and transparent white OLEDs. In addition, readers will learn about excitonic processes in quantum wells; optoelectronic properties and applications of quantum dots; and more. Covers all of the fundamentals and applications of optical properties of materials Includes theory, experimental techniques, and current and developing applications Includes four new chapters on optoelectronic properties of organic semiconductors, recent advances in electroluminescence, perovskites, and ellipsometry Appropriate for materials scientists, chemists, physicists and electrical engineers involved in development of electronic materials Written by in

关键词： electronics optics photonics optical properties materials materials science optoelectronic condensed matter electronic band structure electrical engineering organic semiconductors electroluminescence perovskites ellipsometry

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高精度光纤时间频率传递及集成化技术(特邀)

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光学学报(网络版) 2024年第2期1卷 20-31页

作者：陈建平刘涛 B.M.A.Rahman 胡亮上海交通大学区域光纤通信网与新型光通信系统国家重点实验室上海200240 中国科学院国家授时中心陕西临潼710600 伦敦大学城市学院电气与电子工程系英国伦敦EC 1 V 0HB 上海交大平湖智能光电研究院浙江平湖314200

高稳定时间频率(简称“时频”)传递是时频系统两种核心技术之一。基于光纤可实现高精度、大范围传递,是地面时频传递的最佳选择。本文介绍光纤时频传递基本原理,以光纤光学频率传递为例,深入阐述了系统噪声补偿方法。针对目前时频传递... 详细信息

高稳定时间频率(简称“时频”)传递是时频系统两种核心技术之一。基于光纤可实现高精度、大范围传递,是地面时频传递的最佳选择。本文介绍光纤时频传递基本原理,以光纤光学频率传递为例,深入阐述了系统噪声补偿方法。针对目前时频传递设备因采用分立光电子器件而存在的不足,探索研究了光电子集成芯片设计方法,展示了集成化的优势。最后,总结了国内外光纤时频传递研究进展,并对其未来发展进行了展望。

关键词：时间/频率基准时频传递光纤集成芯片

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防电磁脉冲滤波器的防护性能试验

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环境技术 2023年第6期41卷 86-89,121页

作者：张饶段艳涛石立华陈海林张琪陆军工程大学电磁环境效应与光电工程重点实验室南京210007

为了测试3种型号的防电磁脉冲滤波器的防护性能,本文对其进线进行雷电脉冲注入和核电磁脉冲注入,通过监测对应出线的残余电压或电流来判断滤波器的传导干扰抑制能力。试验结果表明:在20kv/10kA等级的雷电脉冲组合波注入下,这些滤波器均... 详细信息

为了测试3种型号的防电磁脉冲滤波器的防护性能,本文对其进线进行雷电脉冲注入和核电磁脉冲注入,通过监测对应出线的残余电压或电流来判断滤波器的传导干扰抑制能力。试验结果表明:在20kv/10kA等级的雷电脉冲组合波注入下,这些滤波器均具备一定的电压抑制能力,残余电压的最大值小于1 200 v;在核电磁脉冲注入电流峰值为100 A、500 A、1 000 A、1 800 A和2 500 A时,残余电流最大值均小于10 A,且电流抑制比随着注入电流峰值的变化而变化。因此,3种型号的滤波器的电磁脉冲防护性能符合设计要求。

关键词：滤波器电磁脉冲电压抑制比电流抑制比防护性能

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Automatic low back pain classification using inertial measurement units: A preliminary analysis 24

Automatic low back pain classification using inertial measur...

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24th KES International Conference on Knowledge-Based and Intelligent Information and engineering Systems, KES 2020

作者： Bacon, Zoë Hicks, Yulia Al-Amri, Mohammad Sheeran, Liba Cardiff School of Engineering Cardiff University United Kingdom Cardiff School of Healthcare Cardiff University United Kingdom Biomechanics and Bioengineering Research Centre Versus Arthritis Cardiff University United Kingdom

Low back pain (LBP) is a major health problem that has now become leading cause of disability worldwide. The majority of LBP has no specific pathological cause. Classification of non-specific LBP (NSLBP) into subgroups corresponding to the reported symptoms has been identified as an essential step towards the provision of personalised management and rehabilitation plans. currently, clinicians classify low back pain patients into clinical subgroups based on clinical judgement and expertise, which is a time-consuming process open to human error. This paper introduces a novel approach for automatic classification of NSLBP patients into clinical subgroups on the basis of the MTw2 inertial measurement unit (MTw2 IMU tracker) motion data, which are portable units and thus desirable for clinical use. Four MTw2 IMU trackers tracking movement during a number of physical assessment tests were investigated in their ability to distinguish between clinically recognized NSLBP subgroups. Simple motion features such as the angular range of displacement were used in classification experiments to reflect how clinicians make decisions when classifying NSLBP. The achieved results were comparable to the state of art results in automatic NSLBP classification using optical motion capture data and demonstrated the feasibility of developing an automatic classification system on the basis of the MTw2 IMU tracker motion data obtained with an individual performing a battery of standard physical assessment tests. Further developments could address gaps in current medical and engineering literature and improve clinical outcomes. © 2020 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.v.

关键词： Health

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Roadmap on structured waves

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JOURNAL OF OPTICS 2023年第10期25卷 103001-103001页

作者： Bliokh, Konstantin Y. Karimi, Ebrahim Padgett, Miles J. Alonso, Miguel A. Dennis, Mark R. Dudley, Angela Forbes, Andrew Zahedpour, Sina Hancock, Scott W. Milchberg, Howard M. Rotter, Stefan Nori, Franco Ozdemir, Sahin K. Bender, Nicholas Cao, Hui Corkum, Paul B. Hernandez-Garcia, Carlos Ren, Haoran Kivshar, Yuri Silveirinha, Mario G. Engheta, Nader Rauschenbeutel, Arno Schneeweiss, Philipp volz, Juergen Leykam, Daniel Smirnova, Daria A. Rong, Kexiu Wang, Bo Hasman, Erez Picardi, Michela F. Zayats, Anatoly, v Rodriguez-Fortuno, Francisco J. Yang, Chenwen Ren, Jie Khanikaev, Alexander B. Alu, Andrea Brasselet, Etienne Shats, Michael verbeeck, Jo Schattschneider, Peter Sarenac, Dusan Cory, David G. Pushin, Dmitry A. Birk, Michael Gorlach, Alexey Kaminer, Ido Cardano, Filippo Marrucci, Lorenzo Krenn, Mario Marquardt, Florian RIKEN Theoret Quantum Phys Lab Wako Saitama 3510198 Japan Ctr Excellence ENSEMBLE3 Sp Zoo PL-01919 Warsaw Poland Donostia Int Phys Ctr DIPC Donostia San Sebastian 20080 Spain Univ Ottawa Dept Phys Ottawa ON K1N 6N5 Canada Univ Glasgow Dept Phys & Astron Glasgow G12 Scotland Aix Marseille Univ Inst Fresnel CNRS Cent Marseille Marseille France Univ Rochester Inst Opt Rochester NY 14527 USA Univ Birmingham Sch Phys & Astron Birmingham England Univ Witwatersrand Sch Phys Private Bag 3 ZA-2050 Johannesburg South Africa Univ Maryland Inst Res Elect & Appl Phys College Pk MD 20740 USA Vienna Univ Technol TU Wien Inst Theoret Phys A-1040 Vienna Austria Univ Michigan Dept Phys Ann Arbor MI 48109 USA Penn State Univ Dept Engn Sci & Mech University Pk PA 16802 USA Penn State Univ Mat Res Inst University Pk PA 16802 USA Yale Univ Dept Appl Phys New Haven CT USA CNR Joint Attosecond Sci Lab Ottawa ON Canada Univ Ottawa Ottawa ON Canada Univ Salamanca Dept Fis Aplicada Grp Invest Aplicac Laser & Foton E-37008 Salamanca Spain Monash Univ Sch Phys & Astron Melbourne Vic 3800 Australia Australian Natl Univ Res Sch Phys Canberra ACT 2601 Australia Univ Lisbon Inst Telecomunicacoes Inst Super Tecn Lisbon Portugal Univ Penn Dept Elect & Syst Engn Philadelphia PA 19104 USA Humboldt Univ Dept Phys D-12489 Berlin Germany Natl Univ Singapore Ctr Quantum Technol 3 Sci Dr 2 Singapore 117543 Singapore Technion Israel Inst Technol Russell Berrie Nanotechnol Inst IL-3200003 Haifa Israel Technion Israel Inst Technol Helen Diller Quantum Ctr IL-3200003 Haifa Israel Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ 800 Dongchuan RD Shanghai Peoples R China Kings Coll London Dept Phys London WC2R 2LS England Kings Coll London London Ctr Nanotechnol London WC2R 2LS England Barcelona Inst Sci & Technol ICFO Inst Ciencies Foton Castelldefels Barcelona Spain Tongji Univ Ctr Phonon & Thermal Energy Sci Sch Phys Sci & Engn Shanghai 200092 Peoples R China CUNY City Coll Dept

Structured waves are ubiquitous for all areas of wave physics, both classical and quantum, where the wavefields are inhomogeneous and cannot be approximated by a single plane wave. Even the interference of two plane waves, or of a single inhomogeneous (evanescent) wave, provides a number of nontrivial phenomena and additional functionalities as compared to a single plane wave. Complex wavefields with inhomogeneities in the amplitude, phase, and polarization, including topological----- structures and singularities, underpin modern nanooptics and photonics, yet they are equally important, e.g. for quantum matter waves, acoustics, water waves, etc. Structured waves are crucial in optical and electron microscopy, wave propagation and scattering, imaging, communications, quantum optics, topological and non-Hermitian wave systems, quantum condensed-matter systems, optomechanics, plasmonics and metamaterials, optical and acoustic manipulation, and so forth. This Roadmap is written collectively by prominent researchers and aims to survey the role of structured waves in various areas of wave physics. Providing background, current research, and anticipating future developments, it will be of interest to a wide cross-disciplinary audience.

关键词： structured waves singular optics angular momentum vortex

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The Calibration Units of KM3NeT 37

The Calibration Units of KM3NeT

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37th International Cosmic Ray Conference, ICRC 2021

作者： Le Breton, R. Billault, M. Boutonnet, C. Champion, C. Colonges, S. Cosquer, A. Creusot, A. Henry, S. Ilioni, A. Keller, P. Lagier, P. Lahmann, R. Lamare, P. Lesrel, J. Lindsey Clark, M. Riccobene, G. Royon, J. Samtleben, D. van Elewyck, v. Ageron, M. Aiello, S. Albert, A. Alshamsi, M. Alves Garre, S. Aly, Z. Ambrosone, A. Ameli, F. Andre, M. Androulakis, G. Anghinolfi, M. Anguita, M. Anton, G. Ardid, M. Ardid, S. Assal, W. Aublin, J. Bagatelas, C. Baret, B. Basegmez du Pree, S. Bendahman, M. Benfenati, F. Berbee, E. van den Berg, A.M. Bertin, v. Beurthey, S. van Beveren, v. Biagi, S. Bissinger, M. Boettcher, M. Bou Cabo, M. Boumaaza, J. Bouta, M. Bouvet, G. Bouwhuis, M. Bozza, C. Brânzaş, H. Bruijn, R. Brunner, J. Bruno, R. Buis, E. Buompane, R. Busto, J. Caiffi, B. Caillat, L. Calvo, D. Campion, S. Capone, A. Carduner, H. Carretero, v. Castaldi, P. Celli, S. Cereseto, R. Chabab, M. Chau, N. Chen, A. Cherubini, S. Chiarella, v. Chiarusi, T. Circella, M. Cocimano, R. Coelho, J.A.B. Coleiro, A. Colomer Molla, M. Coniglione, R. Coyle, P. Cresta, M. Cruz, A. Cuttone, G. D’Amico, A. Dallier, R. De Martino, B. De Palma, M. Di Palma, I. Díaz, A.F. Diego-Tortosa, D. Distefano, C. Domi, A. Donzaud, C. Dornic, D. Dörr, M. Drouhin, D. Eberl, T. Eddyamoui, A. van Eeden, T. van Eijk, D. El Bojaddaini, I. Eljarrari, H. Elsaesser, D. Enzenhöfer, A. Espinosa, v. Fermani, P. Ferrara, G. Filipović, M.D. Filippini, F. Fransen, J. Fusco, L.A. Gajanana, D. Gal, T. García Méndez, J. Garcia Soto, A. Garçon, E. Garufi, F. Gatius, C. Geißelbrecht, N. Gialanella, L. Giorgio, E. Gozzini, S.R. Gracia, R. Graf, K. Grella, G. Guderian, D. Guidi, C. Guillon, B. Gutiérrez, M. Haefner, J. Hallmann, S. Hamdaoui, H. van Haren, H. Heijboer, A. Hekalo, A. Hennig, L. Hernández-Rey, J.J. Hofestädt, J. Huang, F. Idrissi Ibnsalih, W. Illuminati, G. James, C.W. Janezashvili, D. Jansweijer, P. de Jong, M. de Jong, P. Jung, B.J. Kadler, M. Kalaczyński, P. Université de Paris CNRS Astroparticule et Cosmologie ParisF-75013 France Aix Marseille Univ CNRS IN2P3 CPPM Marseille France Friedrich-Alexander-Universitat Erlangen-Nurnberg Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics Erwin-Rommel-Strasse 1 91058 Germany INFN Laboratori Nazionali del Sud Via S. Sofia 62 Catania95123 Italy Nikhef National Institute for Subatomic Physics Amsterdam Netherlands Institut Universitaire de France 1 rue Descartes Paris75005 France Leiden University Leiden Institute of Physics PO Box 9504 Leiden2300 RA Netherlands INFN Sezione di Catania Via Santa Sofia 64 Catania95123 Italy Université de Strasbourg CNRS IPHC UMR 7178 StrasbourgF-67000 France IFIC - Instituto de Física Corpuscular CSIC - Universitat de València c/Catedrático José Beltrán 2 Valencia Paterna46980 Spain INFN Sezione di Napoli Complesso Universitario di Monte S. Angelo Via Cintia ed. G Napoli80126 Italy Università di Napoli "Federico II" Dip. Scienze Fisiche "E. Pancini" Complesso Universitario di Monte S. Angelo Via Cintia ed. G Napoli80126 Italy INFN Sezione di Roma Piazzale Aldo Moro 2 Roma00185 Italy Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya Laboratori d’Aplicacions Bioacústiques Centre Tecnològic de Vilanova i la Geltrú Avda. Rambla Exposició s/n Vilanova i la Geltrú08800 Spain NCSR Demokritos Institute of Nuclear and Particle Physics Ag. Paraskevi Attikis Athens15310 Greece INFN Sezione di Genova Via Dodecaneso 33 Genova16146 Italy University of Granada Dept. of Computer Architecture and Technology CITIC Granada18071 Spain Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics Erwin-Rommel-Straße 1 Erlangen91058 Germany Universitat Politècnica de València Instituto de Investigación para la Gestión Integrada de las Zonas Costeras C/Paranimf 1 Gandia46730 Spain Nikhef National Institute for Subatomic Physics PO Box 41882 Amsterdam1009 DB Netherlands University Mohammed V in Rabat Faculty

KM3NeT is a deep-sea infrastructure composed of two neutrino telescopes being deployed in the Mediterranean Sea: ARCA, near Sicily in Italy, designed for neutrino astronomy and ORCA, near Toulon in France, designed for neutrino oscillations. These two telescopes are 3D arrays of optical modules used to detect the Cherenkov radiation, which is a signature of charged particles going faster than light in the sea water. To achieve the best performance for the events reconstruction in the telescopes, the exact location of the optical modules, affected by sea current, must be known at any time and the timing resolution between optical modules must reach the nanosecond. Moreover, the properties of the environment in which the telescopes are deployed, such as temperature and salinity, must be continuously monitored because they affect the timing and positioning calibration. KM3NeT is going to deploy several dedicated Calibration Units to meet these calibration goals. The Calibration Base will host several instruments: a Laser Beacon for time calibration and an acoustic emitter and a hydrophone for positioning of the optical modules. To complete the positioning calibration, some of these Calibration Units will be equipped with an Instrumentation Unit hosting environmental monitoring instruments. Because of the difference in size between ARCA and ORCA, the design of the Calibration Unit is not the same for the two sites. This proceeding describes all the devices, features and purposes of the Calibration Units with a focus on ORCA Calibration Unit and its status. © Copyright owned by the author(s) under the terms of the Creative Commons.

关键词： Calibration

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