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Review on the design and optimization of natural gas liquefaction processes for onshore and offshore applications

CHEMICAL engineering RESEARCH & design 2018年 132卷 89-114页

作者： He, Tianbiao Karimi, Iftekhar A. Ju, Yonglin Natl Univ Singapore Dept Chem & Biomol Engn 4 Engn Dr 4 Singapore 117585 Singapore Shanghai Jiao Tbng Univ Inst Refrigerat & Cryogen Shanghai 200240 Peoples R China

Liquefied natural gas (LNG) has been the fastest increasing fossil fuel in the world energy market due to its low carbon dioxide emission, high energy density, and ease of transport. However, the liquefaction of natural gas is one of the most energy-intensive industrial processes. Thus, it is very important to design new liquefaction processes and optimize the existing ones in order to reduce the energy consumption. In this paper, we present a state-of-the-art review of the recent progress on the design and optimization of NG liquefaction processes for onshore and offshore applications. The current onshore processes include the cascade, mixed refrigerant, and expander-based processes, of which the mixed refrigerant process has received the most attention. The common objective function of the onshore LNG process optimization is the minimization of the energy consumption. However, for the offshore applications, the single mixed refrigerant and nitrogen expansion processes have been considered to be the promising options. For these, deck space and sensitivity to platform waving need be considered apart from energy consumption. Finally, we propose several potential developments for NG liquefaction process design and optimization. (C) 2018 Institution of Chemical Engineers. Published by Elsevier B.v. All rights reserved.

关键词： LNG Natural gas liquefaction process LNG-FPSO Optimization Review

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Light-Trap: A SiPM upgrade for very high energy astronomy and beyond

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NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT 2018年 912卷 61-63页

作者： Guberman, D. Cortina, J. Ward, J. E. Barcelona Inst Sci & Technol IFAE Campus UAB Bellaterra 08193 Barcelona Spain

The Imaging Atmospheric Cherenkov Technique (IACT) has turned Gamma-ray astronomy into a flourishing branch of astrophysics. current IACT telescope arrays (MAGIC, H.E.S.S, vERITAS) use photomultiplier tubes (PMTs) to detect the optical/near-Uv Cherenkov radiation emitted due to the interaction of gamma rays with the atmosphere. Replacing PMTs with Silicon photomultipliers (SiPMs) is being considered for the next generation of IACT experiments. Among the main drawbacks are the limited physical area of SiPMs (increases the cost and the complexity of the readout of a camera) and their sensitivity to unwanted wavelengths. Here we propose a novel method to build a relatively low-cost pixel consisting on a SiPM attached to a PMMA disk doped with a wavelength-shifting material, which collects light over a much larger area than standard SiPMs with improved sensitivity to near-Uv light and background rejection. We describe the design of a detector that could also open new opportunities in other areas where detection area and cost are crucial. (C) 2017 Elsevier B.v. All rights reserved.

关键词： Photon detectors for Uv Scintillators Scintillation and light emission processes Detector design

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Developing of EOS Model with Elliptical Beams for THz Devices

Developing of EOS Model with Elliptical Beams for THz Device...

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2018 International Conference on Actual Problems of Electron Devices engineering, APEDE 2018

作者： Navrotsky, I.A. Burtsev, A.A. Danilushkin, A.v. Karetnikova, T.A. Ryskin, N.M. Shumikhin, K.v. JSC SPE Almaz Saratov Russia Saratov Branch of Kotelnikov Institute of Radioengineering and Electronics of RAS Russia

ISBN: (纸本)9781538643327

This report presents a design of an electron-optical system (EOS) with triple electron elliptical beams. A current of each beam is 31 mA and a dimension is 300×600 μm2. A magnetic field of 0,55 T is used for focusing of electron beams. A technology of fabrication and assembly of a model of EOS that contains a dispenser cathode, anode, collector and magnetic system is presented. In the course of experimental investigation of a model in impulse mode total current of 93 mA was obtained at cathode temperature of 1100°C and grid potential 900-1000 v. The realized design of a model with elliptical beams demonstrates the feasibility of creating of THz TWT on the basis of a similar EOS. © 2018 IEEE.

关键词： optical systems

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Single-nanowire spectrometers

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SCIENCE 2019年第6457期365卷 1017-+页

作者： Yang, Zongyin Albrow-Owen, Tom Cui, Hanxiao Alexander-Webber, Jack Gu, Fuxing Wang, Xiaomu Wu, Tien-Chun Zhuge, Minghua Williams, Calun Wang, Pan Zayats, Anatoly v. Cai, Weiwei Dais, Lun Hofmann, Stephan Overend, Mauro Tong, Limin Yang, Qing Sun, Zhipei Hasan, Tawfique Univ Cambridge Cambridge Graphene Ctr Cambridge CB3 0FA England Univ Cambridge Dept Engn Cambridge CB3 0FA England Univ Shanghai Sci & Technol Shanghai Key Lab Modern Opt Syst Shanghai 200093 Peoples R China Nanjing Univ Sch Elect Sci & Engn Nanjing 210023 Jiangsu Peoples R China Zhejiang Univ Coll Opt Sci & Engn State Key Lab Modern Opt Instrumentat Hangzhou 310027 Zhejiang Peoples R China Kings Coll London Dept Phys London WC2R 2LS England Kings Coll London London Ctr Nanotechnol London WC2R 2LS England Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ Sch Mech Engn Educ Minist Power Machinery & Engn Key Lab Shanghai 200240 Peoples R China Peking Univ Sch Phys State Key Lab Artificial Microstruct & Mesoscop P Beijing 100871 Peoples R China Aalto Univ Dept Elect & Nanoengn Tietotie 3 FI-00076 Espoo Finland Aalto Univ Dept Appl Phys QTF Ctr Excellence FI-00076 Espoo Finland

Spectrometers with ever-smaller footprints are sought after for a wide range of applications in which minimized size and weight are paramount, including emerging in situ characterization techniques. We report on an ultracompact microspectrometer design based on a single compositionally engineered nanowire. This platform is independent of the complex optical components or cavities that tend to constrain further miniaturization of current systems. We show that incident spectra can be computationally reconstructed from the different spectral response functions and measured photocurrents along the length of the nanowire. Our devices are capable of accurate, visible-range monochromatic and broadband light reconstruction, as well as spectral imaging from centimeter-scale focal planes down to lensless, single-cell-scale in situ mapping.

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Cardiac Optogenetics: 2018

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JACC-CLINICAL ELECTROPHYSIOLOGY 2018年第2期4卷 155-167页

作者： Boyle, Patrick M. Karathanos, Thomas, v Trayanova, Natalia A. Johns Hopkins Univ Dept Biomed Engn Baltimore MD 21218 USA Johns Hopkins Univ Inst Computat Med Baltimore MD 21218 USA

Cardiac optogenetics is an emergent research area involving the delivery of light-sensitive proteins (opsins) to excitable heart tissue to enable optical modulation of cardiac electrical function. Optogenetic stimulation has many noteworthy advantages over conventional electrical methods, including selective electrophysiological modulation in specifically targeted cell subpopulations, high-resolution spatiotemporal control via patterned illumination, and use of different opsins to elicit inward or outward transmembrane current. This review summarizes developments achieved since the inception of cardiac optogenetics research, which has spanned nearly a decade. The authors first provide an overview of recent methodological advances in opsin engineering, light sensitization of cardiac tissue, strategies for illuminating the heart, and frameworks for simulating optogenetics in realistic computational models of patient hearts. They then review recent cardiac optogenetics applications, including: 1) all-optical, high-throughput, contactless assays for quantification of electrophysiological properties;2) optogenetic perturbation of cardiac tissue to unveil mechanistic insights on the initiation, perpetuation, and termination of arrhythmia;and 3) disruptive translational innovations such as light-based pacemaking and defibrillation. (c) 2018 by the American College of Cardiology Foundation.

关键词： arrhythmia cardiac optogenetics cardiotoxicity screening defibrillation multiscale computational modeling pacemaking re-entry

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Towards Self-testing Quantum Random Number Generators in Integrated design 1

Towards Self-testing Quantum Random Number Generators in Int...

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1st International Conference on Materials engineering and Science (IConMEAS)

作者： Chernov, P. S. volkov, v. S. Surovtsev, D. A. Penza State Univ Krasnaya 40 Penza Russia

Truly random numbers are in great demand in various applications. Self-testing quantum random number generators provide a way to verify that random numbers indeed come from quantum effects. optical quantum random number generators of this type are the most promising but due to their relative complexity have been realized only as a macroscopic prototype. Miniaturization of such devices opens the way to commercial use. Quantum photonics provides the means to achieve this goal. We discuss general design of self-testing optical quantum random number generator and the ways to implement it as a compact integrated photonic circuit within current technological reach.

关键词： Random number generation

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A constant Q-factor notch filter using voltage difference transconductance amplifier

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Solid State Electronics Letters 2019年第1期1卷 38-43页

作者： K. Roja K.M. Santhoshini M. Sarada Avireni Srinivasulu Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering Vignan's Foundation for Science Technology and Research Guntur 522213 Andhra Pradesh India Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering JECRC University Jaipur 303905 Rajasthan India

This paper demonstrates a novel design of Notch filter circuit availing voltage Difference Transconductance Amplifier (vDTA) active element. The proposed circuit utilizes two vDTA blocks, two capacitors without the use of resistor and operates in voltage-mode. The devised Notch filter circuit uses 150 µA biasing current and operates with ±0.9 v supply voltage. The transconductance value of this element is electronically controllable/tunable with the bias currents. The proposed filter operates at low voltage and is widely used in optical communication systems, biomedical applications and audio applications. The circuit is implemented in the Cadence virtuoso tool of the gpdk 180 nm CMOS process.

关键词： voltage Difference Transconductance Amplifier Low power voltage-mode Notch Filter Low voltage

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一种基于OOK调制的电容型数字隔离器

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微电子学与计算机 2022年第9期39卷 125-132页

作者：廖坤杨君中鞠玲杨森肖知明南开大学电子信息与光学工程学院天津300071 国网泰州供电公司江苏泰州225300

针对高速电容型数字隔离器在"低速"应用下的高电流消耗问题,基于TSMC 180nm BCD工艺设计了一种基于OOK调制的低静态功耗全差分数字隔离器结构.通过发送机的逻辑控制电路产生的三组开关信号及振荡器模块产生的载波信号,提出的... 详细信息

针对高速电容型数字隔离器在"低速"应用下的高电流消耗问题,基于TSMC 180nm BCD工艺设计了一种基于OOK调制的低静态功耗全差分数字隔离器结构.通过发送机的逻辑控制电路产生的三组开关信号及振荡器模块产生的载波信号,提出的结构实现了对输入信号的调制.在传输信号频率变化时,基于跨导线性环结构的中点电位偏置电路将差分信号的直流电压均稳定在vDD/2附近,从而有效避免接收端直流电平衰减造成的误码.经由前置放大器放大后,接收端信号通过双阈值比较器完成解调.PvT仿真表明,在输入电源电压3~5.5v范围内,均可实现最高10Mbps传输速率,典型传输延时为13ns;典型情况下静态功耗仅为1.3mA,在1Mbps及10Mbps速率下的典型动态功耗分别为4mA及4.8mA.此设计支持多通道扩展,可通过共享内部振荡器及偏置模块进一步减小单通道平均功耗;此外隔离器在最高10Mbps输入PRBS(Pseudo-Random Binary Sequence)码下仍可准确解码,证明了此结构具有较强的传输鲁棒性.

关键词：电容耦合开关键控调制数字隔离器跨导线性环隔离通信

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Integral Active Element for Transmitting optical Modules

Integral Active Element for Transmitting Optical Modules

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IEEE Conference of Russian Young Researchers in Electrical and Electronic engineering (ElConRus)

作者： Dem'yanenko, Alexander v. Southern Fed Univ Dept Antennas & Radio Transmitting Devices Taganrog Russia

ISBN: (纸本)9781538643402

With the development of injection semiconductor lasers (ISL) that generates electromagnetic energy in the optical range, a possibility of miniaturization of data transmission and processing systems operating at frequencies of 1014 Hz and higher has emerged. The current state of solid-state laser technology makes it possible to talk about modulation frequencies up to 30 GHz. It gives the possibility of development of optical microwave modulators, and providing radio transmitting devices of the optical range with a basic element base. In the present work, a prototype of a new optoelectronic device is proposed, that combines two generator elements in a single package, providing simultaneous generation of a carrier and modulating oscillations. In such a device, microwave modulation of the ISL occurs based on internal physical mechanisms, as a result of coupling between the generating crystals. The design of a multifunctional optoelectronic device and its operating principle are discussed.

关键词： generation optical oscillator modulation integral module

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Relaxed current matching requirements in highly luminescent perovskite tandem solar cells and their fundamental efficiency limits

arXiv

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arXiv 2020年

作者： Bowman, Alan R. Lang, Felix Chiang, Yu-Hsien Jiménez-Solano, Alberto Frohna, Kyle Eperon, Giles E. Ruggeri, Edoardo Abdi-Jalebi, Mojtaba Anaya, Miguel Lotsch, Bettina v. Stranks, Samuel D. Cavendish Laboratory Department of Physics University of Cambridge JJ Thomson Avenue CambridgeCB3 0HE United Kingdom Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research Nanochemistry Department Heisenberg Str. 1 Stuttgart70569 Germany National Renewable Energy Laboratory 16253 Denver West Parkway GoldenCO80401 United States Butenandtstrasse 5-13 Munich81377 Germany E-conversion Lichtenbergstrasse 4a 85748 Garching Munich80799 Germany Department of Chemical Engineering & Biotechnology University of Cambridge Philippa Fawcett Drive CambridgeCB3 0AS United Kingdom

Perovskite based tandem solar cells are of increasing interest as they approach commercialisation. Here we use time-resolved and steady-state optical spectroscopy on state-of-the-art low- and high-bandgap perovskite films for tandems to quantify intrinsic recombination rates and absorption coefficients. We apply these experimental parameterised data to calculate the limiting efficiency of perovskite-silicon and all-perovskite two-terminal tandems employing currently available bandgap materials as 42.0 % and 40.8 % respectively. By including luminescence coupling between sub-cells, i.e. the re-emission of photons from the high-bandgap sub-cell and their absorption in the low-bandgap sub-cell, we reveal the stringent need for current matching is relaxed when the high-bandgap sub-cell is a luminescent perovskite compared to calculations that do not consider luminescence coupling. We show that luminescence coupling becomes important in all-perovskite tandems when charge carrier trapping rates are 6 s-1 (corresponding to carrier lifetimes longer than 1 µs at low excitation densities) in the high-bandgap sub-cell, which is lowered to 105 s-1 in the better-bandgap-matched perovskite-silicon cells. In both tandem technologies, this threshold corresponds to a high-bandgap sub-cell with an external luminescence quantum efficiency of at least ~0.1 % at maximum power point. We demonstrate luminescence coupling endows greater flexibility in both sub-cell thicknesses, increased tolerance to different spectral conditions and a reduction in the total thickness of light absorbing layers. To maximally exploit luminescence coupling we reveal a key design rule for luminescent perovskite-based tandems: the high-bandgap subcell should always have the higher short-circuit current. Importantly, this can be achieved by reducing the bandgap or increasing the thickness in the high-bandgap sub-cell with minimal reduction in efficiency, thus allowing for wider, unstable bandgap compositions (>1

关键词： Perovskite

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