The Array of Low Energy X-ray Imaging Sensors (ALEXIS) experiment consists of six wide angle EUV/ultrasoft Xraytelescopes utilizing normal incidence multilayer mirrors, flown on a miniature satellite to map out the sk...
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ISBN:
(纸本)0819404055
The Array of Low Energy X-ray Imaging Sensors (ALEXIS) experiment consists of six wide angle EUV/ultrasoft Xray
telescopes utilizing normal incidence multilayer mirrors, flown on a miniature satellite to map out the sky in three narrow
bandpasses around 66, 7 1, and *** 66 and 7 1 eV bandpasses are centered on intense Fe emission lines which are
characteristic of million degree plasmas such as the one thought to produce the soft X-ray background. The 95eVbandpass
has a higher throughput and is more sensitive to continuum sources. The mission will be launched into orbit on the Pegasus
Air Launched Vehicle in mid-1991.
We will present the details of the ALEXIS telescope opticaldesign, initial characterizations of the first flight mirrors
and detectors, and the current schemes for characterizing and calibrating the completed telescope assemblies. We will also
discuss the details of a novel "wavetrap" feature incorporated into the multilayer mirror structure to greatly reduce the mirror's
reflectivity at 304A, a major background contamination flux of He II emission from the geocorona.
The chronological events associated with fabricating a lens system from initial design to final component manufacturing will be explored. The benefits of utilizing computer integration in design, process planning and ...
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ISBN:
(纸本)0819402044
The chronological events associated with fabricating a lens system from initial design to final component manufacturing will be explored. The benefits of utilizing computer integration in design, process planning and manufacturing will be highlighted.
Binary optics is an emerging technology whereby light is directed, combined, or distributed by an optical material having a "stepped" phase structure. We produce computer-generated diffractive elemen...
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ISBN:
(纸本)0819402044
Binary optics is an emerging technology whereby light is directed, combined, or distributed by an optical material having a "stepped" phase structure. We produce computer-generated diffractive elements having high optical efficiency using multiple mask lithography. Perkin-Elmer has an active research and development program supporting binary optics activities from software development to practical technology demonstrations. Standard software tools have been developed to facilitate the design of binary optics from general optical prescriptions. These tools are used to design binary masks for the fabrication of binary optics for diverse applications ranging from simple lenses to general phase transformations. This paper briefly reviews the development of binary optics, discusses the tools supporting the design and fabrication of binary optics, and presents recent applications and demonstrations of binary optics.
Interferometric measurements of real surfaces are combined with computed opticaldesign analyses. To accomplish this, a special software interface driver was developed to accept serial optical Path Difference (OPD) da...
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ISBN:
(纸本)0819402044
Interferometric measurements of real surfaces are combined with computed opticaldesign analyses. To accomplish this, a special software interface driver was developed to accept serial optical Path Difference (OPD) data from a Zygo Mark III interferometer, apply standard algorithms, and convert the measured data into a CODE V readable file. Analysis was conducted on a large aperture developmental optical system containing a fold mirror of eggcrate construction. MTF performance of the entire system was computed as were the contributions of individual surfaces to overall optical quality. Diffraction effects due to the rib structure of the eggcrate mirror were apparent in this analysis, as were the effects of gravity and figure components of the wavefront. This hybrid analysis demonstrates the usefulness of coupling interferometry with an opticaldesign program in the analysis of complex optical systems.
A binocular extends the range of human vision. Binoculars enable the user to see objects at greater distances or, alternatively, to see greater detail in distant objects. In failing light, binocul are used to detect o...
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ISBN:
(纸本)0819402044
A binocular extends the range of human vision. Binoculars enable the user to see objects at greater distances or, alternatively, to see greater detail in distant objects. In failing light, binocul are used to detect objects that the naked eye cannot detect. Binoculars also extend the range of stereo vision of the user; this application is primarily of interest in military fire control.
Diffractive lenses have recently become realizable elements in optical systems. However, their application to wide band optical imaging systems are limited because they are highly dispersive and exhibit unacceptable a...
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ISBN:
(纸本)0819402044
Diffractive lenses have recently become realizable elements in optical systems. However, their application to wide band optical imaging systems are limited because they are highly dispersive and exhibit unacceptable amounts of color related aberrations. In this paper we will present a design study of the achromatization of hybrid refractive-diffractive lenses over wide spectral bands. design examples of hybrid lenses which operate in the visible, mid-infrared (3 - 5 micron) and long-wave infrared (8 - 12 micron) spectral bands will be presented and a comparison with conventional lenses designed to operate in these spectral bands will be discussed.
Optics currently being considered for large systems are frequently ultra-lightweight and deformable by design. They can often have unusual shapes and include non-rotationally symmetric surface figures. Surface roughne...
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ISBN:
(纸本)0819402044
Optics currently being considered for large systems are frequently ultra-lightweight and deformable by design. They can often have unusual shapes and include non-rotationally symmetric surface figures. Surface roughness, subsurface damage, light scattering and laser damage threshold specifications are also frequently required. Manufacturing techniques currently being developed to address these stringent requirements will be discussed.
The simplest approach in developing a Computerized Numerical Control (CNC) machine tool would be to take a manually-operated machine and fit it with a standard, commercially available computer control system and drive...
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ISBN:
(纸本)0819402044
The simplest approach in developing a Computerized Numerical Control (CNC) machine tool would be to take a manually-operated machine and fit it with a standard, commercially available computer control system and drive packages, or so it would appear from a machine designer's viewpoint. This approach does tend to minimize the overall machine/system development costs; however, it can result in a control system too sophisticated, overly complex, and more expensive than necessary to control the machine.
The change of the angle characteristic of an optical system when a component parameter is varied follows from first order perturbation theory. Simple formulas are obtained for the sensitivity of the angle characterist...
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ISBN:
(纸本)0819402044
The change of the angle characteristic of an optical system when a component parameter is varied follows from first order perturbation theory. Simple formulas are obtained for the sensitivity of the angle characteristic to changes in position, form and refractive index. These formulas can be applied in the design and assembling of optical systems. In assembling we use them for the measurement of decenters; in design we can obtain the mechanical tolerances from them, and also the magnitude of steps in parameter space to be taken in an optimization procedure. We apply our analysis to the systems that were discussed in a previous paperl. It will be seen that the concept of strain discussed in that paper also applies to the calculation of tolerances. The sensitivity of a system to component shifts and tilts correlates with the strain caused by this component. The sensitivity analysis developed in this paper therefore confirms the conclusion of the previous paper. 1 J.L.F. de Meijere, J.A. Schuurman and C.H.F. Velzel, The use of the pseudo-eikonal in the optimization of optical systems, Proc. SPIE Conf. 1013, sept. 1988, Hamburg.
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