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Indoor Organic Photovoltaics: Optimal Cell design Principles with Synergistic Parasitic Resistance and optical Modulation Effect

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ADVANCED ENERGY MATERIALS 2021年第27期11卷

作者： Saeed, Muhammad Ahsan Kim, Sang Hyeon Kim, Hyeok Liang, Jiaen Woo, Han Young Kim, Tae Geun Yan, He Shim, Jae Won Dongguk Univ Div Elect & Elect Engn Seoul 04620 South Korea Korea Univ Sch Elect Engn Seoul 02841 South Korea Univ Seoul Sch Elect & Comp Engn Seoul 02504 South Korea Hong Kong Univ Sci & Technol Chinese Natl Engn Res Ctr Tissue Restorat & Recon Dept Chem Kowloon Clear Water Bay Hong Kong Peoples R China Hong Kong Univ Sci & Technol Chinese Natl Engn Res Ctr Tissue Restorat & Recon Hong Kong Branch Kowloon Clear Water Bay Hong Kong Peoples R China Korea Univ Dept Chem Seoul 02841 South Korea

Recently, indoor organic photovoltaics (OPVs) has attracted substantial research attention, due to the emergence of self-powered electronic devices for Internet-of-Things (IoT) applications. This progress report discusses recent developments in indoor OPVs, focusing on the strategic role of synergistic parasitic resistance in suppressing the leakage current to achieve high indoor efficiencies. Moreover, an underexplored area is presented, namely the impact of optical modulation on enhancing light absorption in indoor OPVs. First, the main advances in material design for indoor OPVs are briefly presented. This is followed by detailed discussions of the crucial strategies, including interfacial engineering, the effect of photoactive layer thickness, and the effectiveness of transparent conducting electrodes for improving the OPV performance. Overall, this review highlights that understanding the indispensable role of parasitic resistance under dim light conditions may provide new opportunities for developing efficient indoor OPVs for practical applications. Finally, after summarizing recent progress in indoor OPVs, a critical perspective is provided.

关键词： charge transport layers indoor organic photovoltaics optical modulation effects parasitic resistance effects photoactive materials transparent conducting electrodes

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Beam breakup with longitudinal halo

Beam breakup with longitudinal halo

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IEEE Conference on Particle Accelerator

作者： J.R. Delayen C.L. Bohn Engineering Physics Division Argonne National Laboratory Argonne IL USA

An analytical model has been developed for cumulative beam breakup in linear accelerators that predicts the displacement of particles between bunches. Beam breakup is assumed to be caused by a periodic current consisting of an infinite bunch train. The particles in the halo do not contribute to the breakup but experience the deflecting fields and are displaced by them. Under certain circumstances, the displacement of particles in the halo can be considerably larger than that of the bunches. This may have important consequences for the design of high-current CW accelerators where even a small flux of particles striking components of the accelerator cannot be tolerated because of activation.< >

关键词： Linear particle accelerator Particle beams Frequency Particle accelerators optical coupling Steady-state Equations Fourier transforms Delay Laboratories

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Trends in CMOS image sensor technology and design

Trends in CMOS image sensor technology and design

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International Electron Devices Meeting (IEDM)

作者： A. El Gamal Department'of Electrical Engineering University of Stanford Stanford CA USA

Three trends that promise to increase CMOS image sensor system performance are presented: (i) modifications of deep submicron CMOS processes to improve their imaging characteristics, (ii) developments that take advantage of these modified deep submicron processes, and (iii) high frame rate sensors and applications to still and video imaging, specifically to extending sensor dynamic range. Recent research on Digital Pixel Sensors and applications of its high frame rate to still and video imaging are discussed.

关键词： CMOS image sensors CMOS technology optical imaging Dark current CMOS process Sensor phenomena and characterization Sensor systems and applications Pixel Diodes Dynamic range

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The booster-to-AGS beam transfer fast kicker modulators

The booster-to-AGS beam transfer fast kicker modulators

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IEEE Conference on Particle Accelerator

作者： W. Zhang J. Bunicci W.W. Frey A.V. Soukas S.Y. Zhang AGS Department Brookhaven National Laboratory Associated Universities Inc. Upton NY USA

The authors describe modulator developments for the Brookhaven booster extraction and the Alternating Gradient Synchrotron (AGS) injection fast kickers. To achieve the design specifications, an extensive development effort has been pursued, including distributed parameter estimation and measurement, computer aided analysis and design, pulse shaping and tail-biting circuit test, prototype construction, etc. The test results are presented. The modulators are projected for both proton and heavy ion operation. The equivalent load inductance is about 2.1 to 2.3 mu H for each modulator. The pulse-forming network (PFN) voltage is required to be below 40 kV for operation in air. The rise time of the pulse for proton beam transfer is 120 ns up to 97% of full current (1000A), and for heavy ion beam transfer, the requirement is 160 ns up to 98% of full current (1615 A). During the fourth batch transfer of the proton beam from the booster to the AGS, the pulse fall time of the AGS injection fast kicker has to be very fast (<140 ns), so that it does not appreciably deflect the first batch of injected protons that is circulating in the AGS.< >

关键词： optical modulation Circuit testing Protons Particle beams Structural beams Synchrotrons Parameter estimation Pulse measurements Computer aided analysis Pulse shaping methods

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Roles of Bioelectronics for Quality of Life

Roles of Bioelectronics for Quality of Life

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European Conference on Solid-State Circuits (ESSCIRC)

作者： H. Schmidt A. Shakouri M. Isaacson S. M. Kang Baskin School of Engineering University of California Santa Cruz Santa Cruz CA USA

Bioelectronics is an important technology in enhancing the quality of life, especially for those who are suffering from physiological difficulties. Novel biomimetic microelectronic systems will enable treatment of some of presently incurable human handicaps such as hearing loss, blindness (retinal prosthesis), paralysis (neuron-muscular prosthesis), and memory loss (cortical prosthesis). With advancement of bionanotechnology and quantitative medical research, the potential application of biomimetic systems is highly promising. In this paper we review the current status of biomimetic microelectronic systems and challenging issues in basic interface between electrodes and neuronal network, laboratory on a chip (LoC), and generation of power for implantable devices. For laboratory-on-a-chip (LoC), we examine a new way of detecting and sensing molecules on a chip with single molecule/particle sensitivity by fusing integrated optics with microfluidics, based on integrated hollow-core antiresonant reflecting optical waveguides (ARROW) waveguides. With multilayer dielectric confinement, the light is guided through hollow channels with cross sections of a few microns squared. We have demonstrated efficient light guiding in liquid-core ARROWs, single-molecule fluorescence sensitivity in fully planar beam geometry, surface-enhanced Raman scattering, fluorescence from live ribosomes in buffer solution, and electrical fluorescence control by applying a voltage between fluidic reservoirs connected to the waveguide channels. For electrical power sourcing of implantable biomimetic devices and systems, we illustrate the potential of the diffusion potential differences established between two half-cells of electrolyte solutions of different concentrations to generate directly an electric current. This concentration cell operates solely on a salt concentration gradient. The future advancement of biomimetic systems design will critically depend on computer aids as in VLSI developments

关键词： Biomimetics Prosthetics optical waveguides Fluorescence Laboratories Lab-on-a-chip Power generation Integrated optics optical buffering optical waveguide components

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飞秒激光加工微纳光学器件

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光电工程 2023年第3期50卷 74-99页

作者：董彬张娟王达伟张亦元张乐然李瑞辛晨刘顺利张子航吴昊蒋绍军朱苏皖刘炳瑞吴东中国科学技术大学精密机械与精密仪器系中国科学院材料力学行为与设计重点实验室安徽省高等学校精密科学仪器重点实验室安徽合肥230026 中国科学技术大学第一附属医院生命科学与医学部安徽合肥230001

光学器件正在向着小型化、集成化以及柔性可变形等方向发展,基于集成微纳光学器件的光学系统以其较低的功耗、快速的响应时间以及高信息容量等优势脱颖而出。然而目前的高精度微纳加工手段如聚焦离子束(focused ion beam,FIB)刻蚀、半... 详细信息

光学器件正在向着小型化、集成化以及柔性可变形等方向发展,基于集成微纳光学器件的光学系统以其较低的功耗、快速的响应时间以及高信息容量等优势脱颖而出。然而目前的高精度微纳加工手段如聚焦离子束(focused ion beam,FIB)刻蚀、半导体光刻等工艺复杂,且缺乏灵活性。飞秒激光作为一种非接触、高精度、高脉冲强度的“冷”加工工具在微纳加工方面受到格外青睐。本文首先阐述了飞秒激光加工微纳光学器件的背景及相关机理,然后讨论了提高飞秒激光加工分辨率的各种方法,接着综述了基于飞秒激光的多种先进加工手段,其后总结了近年来飞秒激光加工微透镜、光栅、光波导以及光子晶体方面的代表性研究进展。最后,本文概括了飞秒激光加工微纳光学器件研究领域所面临的挑战以及未来发展方向。

关键词：飞秒激光高精度微纳结构光学器件

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显微集成术中光学相干断层血流造影术

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中国激光 2022年第15期49卷 119-126页

作者：张子艺俞晨阳乔依琳沈丽君程丹李鹏浙江大学光电科学与工程学院浙江杭州310027 浙江大学嘉兴研究院智能光电创新中心浙江嘉兴324000 温州医科大学附属眼视光医院杭州院区眼底病专科浙江杭州310020

提出一种集成手术显微镜的术中光学相干血流造影系统(iOCTA)来实现术中眼底视网膜血流灌注的动态监测。通过光学相干断层扫描血管造影(OCTA)系统的光路与商用手术显微镜的助手镜的成像光路耦合,实现显微镜-OCTA的系统集成,这种简捷的耦... 详细信息

提出一种集成手术显微镜的术中光学相干血流造影系统(iOCTA)来实现术中眼底视网膜血流灌注的动态监测。通过光学相干断层扫描血管造影(OCTA)系统的光路与商用手术显微镜的助手镜的成像光路耦合,实现显微镜-OCTA的系统集成,这种简捷的耦合方式便于现有手术显微镜的功能升级。采用基于逆信噪比和去相关的光学相干血流运动造影(ID-OCTA)算法,实现高信噪比的眼底微血管成像。利用该系统实现了活体兔眼的术中眼底血流灌注成像,揭示了血流灌注随眼内压的时空动态演变过程,发现急性高眼内压(60 mmHg;1 mmHg=133.32 Pa)将导致血流灌注密度值在短时间内降低至基线值的20%以下。所研制的iOCTA系统有望实现眼科手术中眼底血流灌注的实时监测,有助于外科医生客观评价手术过程和预测术后效果。

关键词：医用光学生物医学成像光学相干层析成像光学相干血流造影术中成像

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Temperature dependence on the energy gap selection in two cell, four terminal tandem solar cell design

Temperature dependence on the energy gap selection in two ce...

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The Conference Record of the Twenty-Second IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference - 1991

作者： Z. Lin X. Huang W.B. Berry Department of Electrical Engineering University of Notre Dame Notre Dame IN USA

Temperature effects on the choice of the optimum energy gap combination (OEGC) for a two-cell, four-terminal tandem system are considered. The OEGC variation with temperature and the variation of the constant system efficiency contour curves with temperature are presented by using the typical GaAs/sub 1-x/P/sub x/ and Si experimental values. Calculation shows that OEGC shifts to higher energy values with increasing temperature under the optimum AM1.5 tabulated spectra photon flux approximation formula. Temperature dependence of a single-cell energy gap for fixed bottom cell and the material property effects are also considered. As an example, the design for GaAs/sub 1-x/P/sub x/ and Si tandem system is presented.< >

关键词： Temperature dependence Photovoltaic cells Photonic band gap P-n junctions optical saturation Absorption current density Material properties Energy conversion Power conversion

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Utilization of polymer enclosed intermediate class arresters to improve the performance of modern power systems

Utilization of polymer enclosed intermediate class arresters...

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IEEE PES Transmission and Distribution Conference and Exposition

作者： D.W. Lenk J.L. Koepfinger J.D. Sakich Ohio Brass Company Wadsworth OH USA Duquesne Light Company Pittsburgh PA USA

The first commercially available polymer enclosed intermediate class metal oxide surge arrester is introduced. The unique construction of the design is described, including reduced size, increased flexibility, a collared seal on the polymer housing and an open webbed fiberglass-epoxy module which houses the metal oxide disc elements. Performance advantages are discussed. These include improved short term contamination performance of the insulator-like polymer design when compared to multi-unit porcelain housed designs. Data show that polymer housed open-webbed fiberglass module construction extends the pressure relief capability beyond that of typical porcelain enclosed designs. The capability of the polymer enclosed design to withstand repeated pressure relief tests, simulating system reclose on a failed arrester, is also discussed. The circumstances at one utility which has considered utilizing polymer enclosed intermediate class arresters to effectively upgrade their system protection capabilities are discussed. Some suggested changes to the current ANSI C62.11 standard relative to testing polymer enclosed intermediate class arresters are addressed.< >

关键词： Polymers Arresters Modular construction Porcelain Surge protection Seals Contamination Plastic insulation optical fiber testing System testing

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原子芯片的基本原理、关键技术及研究进展

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物理学报 2021年第2期70卷 50-69页

作者：李沫陈飞良罗小嘉杨丽君张健电子科技大学电子科学与工程学院成都611731 中国工程物理研究院电子工程研究所绵阳621999

飞速发展的激光冷却、囚禁与操控中性原子的理论和实验技术不仅促进了人们对微观物质运动规律的认知,而且在精密测量和量子信息领域催生了多项颠覆性的器件与应用.不同于传统复杂庞大的原子光学实验装置,原子芯片通过在硅等基底上制备... 详细信息

飞速发展的激光冷却、囚禁与操控中性原子的理论和实验技术不仅促进了人们对微观物质运动规律的认知,而且在精密测量和量子信息领域催生了多项颠覆性的器件与应用.不同于传统复杂庞大的原子光学实验装置,原子芯片通过在硅等基底上制备的表面微纳结构或器件来精准控制磁场、电场或光场,从而在小尺度、低功耗条件下实现对原子的强束缚与相干操控,被认为是一种稳定、精确、功能及扩展性强大的原子及其量子态片上实验平台,具有广泛且重大的应用价值.本文首先简要回顾了原子芯片的发展历程,然后介绍了基于载流导线的微势阱及微导引实现原子芯片的基本原理,并着重讨论了基于载流导线的原子芯片制备技术、测试方法和集成的全链条关键实现技术.随后,本文综述了各国与原子芯片相关的研究计划布局和主要应用进展,指出原子芯片走向实用面临的挑战性问题,并对其未来发展进行了展望.

关键词：原子芯片原子磁导引冷原子原子光学

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