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检索条件"任意字段=Current Developments in Optical Design and Optical Engineering 1991"

共 1066 条记录，以下是291-300 订阅

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optical Architecture of the new generation Infrared Atmospheric Sounder Interferometer (IASI-NG)

Optical Architecture of the new generation Infrared Atmosphe...

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Conference on current developments in Lens design and optical engineering XIV

作者： Luitot, Clement Boyadjian, Joel Buil, Christian Pasternak, Frederick Ctr Natl Etud Spatiales 18 Ave Edouard Belin F-31401 Toulouse France Astrium SAS F-31402 Toulouse France

ISBN: (纸本)9780819496911

The Infrared Atmospheric Sounder Interferometer (IASI) is a Fourier Transform Spectrometer (FTS) working in the [3.6 mu m, 15.5 mu m] range, dedicated to Numerical Weather Prediction (NWP), atmospheric chemistry and climate monitoring. The second flight model (2 out of 3) is now in orbit and operational, as a payload of the MetOp-B satellite. A new generation of instrument (IASI-NG) to continue the IASI mission with increased performances is currently investigated by the French Space Agency (CNES). The performance objective is mainly a spectral resolution and a radiometric error divided by two compared with the IASI ones. Many different concepts of FTS were studied to try to fulfill these challenging requirements. This paper presents the different envisaged optical architecture and associated trade off. The major issue of the concept is to manage the so-called self-apodization of the interferogram and the associated degradation of the spectral resolution induced by the wider Field of View (FoV) and the longer optical Path Difference (OPD). Increasing these two quantities have very constraining consequences on the optical architecture. Another critical point is the control of straylight which is quite severe and which has been taken into account early in the optical design. To assess the performances of the interferometer, different optical models were built combining analytical approach with ray tracing technics. We will describe the impacts of the demanding spectral requirements on the optical components and our analyses based on these models will be presented.

关键词： FTS Interferometer IASI IASI-NG self-apodization straylight

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Ionic polymer metal composite to achieve optical zoom function in a compact camera

Ionic polymer metal composite to achieve optical zoom functi...

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Conference on current developments in Lens design and optical engineering XIV

作者： Chen, Wei-Hsiang Su, Guo-Dung Natl Taiwan Univ Grad Inst Photon & Optoelect Taipei 106 Taiwan

ISBN: (纸本)9780819496911

Nowadays, there are many popular electronic devices consist of optical focus zooming systems. It is the trend to minimize optical systems in portable devices. For this purpose, we used deformable mirrors in optical systems that can make them thinner and lighter. The Ionic-Polymer Metal Composite (IPMC) is the critical component in our design of the deformable mirror. It has good bending feature and can be driven at low voltage (less than 5 volts). The IPMC fabrication processes contain three steps: acid clean, initial compositing process and surface electrode plating process. After the IPMC is completed, we coated the PDMS on the surface to improve the surface roughness. Then we deposit silver on one side as a reflective surface to finish our deformable mirror. Some characteristics of the IPMC deformable mirror would be demonstrated in the paper. By coating the PDMS on the IPMC surface, the surface roughness can be reduced to about 20 nm. The reflection of the silver layer is up to 90%. In our design, we make the reflective optical zoom module which consists of three biconic mirrors and two deformable mirrors. When we applied voltages on deformable mirrors, the reflective light is successfully focused after the deformation of elliptic IPMC. The zoom ratio of this module can be expected to 1.8 times. The deformable mirror can be changed from flat to 65 diopters (m(-1)) by about 3 volts.

关键词： ionic polymer metal composite (IPMC) polydimethyl siloxane (PDMS) deformable mirror

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design of Wearable Binoculars with On-Demand Zoom

Design of Wearable Binoculars with On-Demand Zoom

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Conference on current developments in Lens design and optical engineering XIV

作者： Boye, Robert R. Goeke, Ronald S. Hunt, Jeffery P. Ison, Aaron M. Jared, Bradley H. Pillars, Jamin R. Saavedra, Michael P. Sweatt, William C. Yelton, W. Graham Winrow, Edward G. Wolfley, Steve L. Sandia Natl Labs Albuquerque NM 87185 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9780819496911

Sandia has developed an optical design for wearable binoculars utilizing freeform surfaces and switchable mirrors. The goals of the effort included a design lightweight enough to be worn by the user while providing a useful field of view and magnification as well as non-mechanical switching between normal and zoomed vision. Sandia's approach is a four mirror, off-axis system taking advantage of the weight savings and chromatic performance of a reflective system. The system incorporates an electrochromic mirror on the final surface before the eye allowing the user to switch between viewing modes. Results from a prototype of a monocular version with 6.6x magnification will be presented. The individual mirrors, including three off-axis aspheres and one true freeform, were fabricated using a diamond-turning based process. A slow-slide servo process was used for the freeform element. Surface roughness and form measurement of the freeform mirror will be presented as well as the expected impact on performance. The alignment and assembly procedure will be reviewed as well as the measured optical performance of the prototype. In parallel to the optical design work, development of an electrochromic mirror has provided a working device with faster switching than current state of the art. Switchable absorbers have been demonstrated with switching times less than 0.5 seconds. The deposition process and characterization of these devices will be presented. Finally, details of an updated optical design with additional freeform surfaces will be presented as well as plans for integrating the electrochromic mirror into the system.

关键词： Freeform optics Head-mounted optics Diamond-turning Reflective optics Electrochromic Switchable mirror

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Application of the light field for a simulation to evaluate the MTF of optical lens systems using rendering

Application of the light field for a simulation to evaluate ...

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Conference on current developments in Lens design and optical engineering XIV

作者： Horiuchi, Shuma Yamamoto, Manabu Tokyo Univ Sci Dept Appl Elect Katsushika Ku Tokyo 1258585 Japan

ISBN: (纸本)9780819496911

The modulation transfer function (MTF) in lens systems can be simulated using rendering. Here, the MTF is obtained by rendering test charts with bar target patterns after they are passed through an optical imaging system. The benefit of this method is that it can be applied to shift-variant systems, to which it is difficult to apply the point spread function (PSF), and that it enables the comparison of theoretical results to experimental results when test charts are imaged through an optical imaging system. However, the number of sampled rays must be increased to suppress the variance in the resulting radiance distribution, and the computation time increases proportionally with the number of analyzed spatial frequencies. This report proposes the recording of the light field of light rays, which is a function describing light rays at the entrance pupil. Focused images are compiled for each test chart based on the recorded light field. The time necessary for compilation is significantly shorter than for ray tracing in a lens;therefore, the radiance distribution can be rapidly obtained when the spatial frequency is changed. The methodology to record the light field and the data format are outlined in this report.

关键词： rendering light field modulation transfer function imaging optics

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design, fabrication, and metrology of polymer gradient-index lenses for high-performance eyepieces

Design, fabrication, and metrology of polymer gradient-index...

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Conference on current developments in Lens design and optical engineering XIV

作者： Corsetti, James A. Visconti, Anthony J. Fang, Kejia McCarthy, Peter Schmidt, Greg R. Moore, Duncan T. Univ Rochester Inst Opt Rochester NY 14627 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9780819496911

High-performance eyepiece designs have been carried out using both spherical and radial gradient-index (GRIN) elements. Eyepiece designs of both geometries are shown to offer superior imaging performance with fewer elements when compared to purely homogeneous systems. These GRIN lenses are formed from monomer diffusion between polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) and polystyrene (PSTY) during the polymerization process, resulting in a copolymer of the two homogeneous materials. A process for fabricating spherical GRIN elements is discussed where copolymer axial GRIN blanks are thermally compressed using spherical surface molds. This process curves the nominally-straight isoindicial surfaces of the axial GRIN rod to be consistent with the shape found during optimization of the design. Once compressed, the spherical blanks are diamond-turned for final surface figure and finish. Measurement of the GRIN profile is carried out using the Schmidt immersion technique in a Mach-Zehnder interferometer. Tolerances specific to GRIN elements are identified and determined to be readily achievable using the aforementioned manufacturing process.

关键词： Gradient-index spherical gradient-index polymer optics optical design eyepiece methyl methacrylate styrene

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Fabrication of subcutaneous veins phantom for Vessel visualization system

Fabrication of subcutaneous veins phantom for Vessel visuali...

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Conference on current developments in Lens design and optical engineering XIV

作者： Cheng, Kai Narita, Kazuyuki Morita, Yusuke Nakamachi, Eiji Honda, Norihiro Awazu, Kunio Doshisha Univ Dept Med Engn 1-3 Miyakodani Kyotanabe Kyoto 6100394 Japan Osaka Univ Ctr Adv Med Engn & Informat Suita Osaka 5650871 Japan

ISBN: (纸本)9780819496911

The technique of subcutaneous veins imaging by using NIR (Near Infrared Radiation) is widely used in medical applications, such as the intravenous injection and the blood sampling. In the previous study, an automatic 3D blood vessel search and automatic blood sampling system was newly developed. In order to validate this NIR imaging system, we adopted the subcutaneous vein in the human arm and its artificial phantom, which imitate the human fat and blood vessel. The human skin and subcutaneous vein is characterized as the uncertainty object, which has the individual specificity, non-accurate depth information, non-steady state and hardly to be fixed in the examination apparatus. On the other hand, the conventional phantom was quite distinct from the human's characteristics, such as the non-multilayer structure, disagreement of optical property. In this study, we develop a multilayer phantom, which is quite similar with human skin, for improvement of NIR detection system evaluation. The phantom consists of three layers, such as the epidermis layer, the dermis layer and the subcutaneous fat layer. In subcutaneous fat layer, we built a blood vessel. We use the intralipid to imitate the optical scattering characteristics of human skin, and the hemoglobin and melanin for the optical absorption characteristics. In this study, we did two subjects. First, we decide the fabrication process of the phantom. Second, we compared newly developed phantoms with human skin by using our NIR detecting system, and confirm the availability of these phantoms.

关键词： NIR Vessel Visualization Phantom optical Property Skin Epidermis Dermis Subcutaneous Fat Intralipid Melanin Hemoglobin

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Radiance limits of ceramic phosphors under high excitation fluxes

Radiance limits of ceramic phosphors under high excitation f...

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Conference on current developments in Lens design and optical engineering XIV

作者： Lenef, Alan Kelso, John Zheng, Yi Tchoul, Maxim OSRAM SYLVANIA Inc Corp Technol CRSL Beverly MA 01915 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9780819496911

Ceramic phosphors, excited by high radiance pump sources, offer considerable potential for high radiance conversion. Interestingly, thermodynamic arguments suggest that the radiance of the luminescent spot can even exceed that of the incoming light source. In practice, however, thermal quenching and (non-thermal) optical saturation limit the maximum attainable radiance of the luminescent source. We present experimental data for Ce:YAG and Ce:GdYAG ceramics in which these limits have been investigated. High excitation fluxes are achieved using laser pumping. optical pumping intensities exceeding 100W/mm(2) have been shown to produce only modest efficiency depreciation at low overall pump powers because of the short Ce3+ lifetime, although additional limitations exist. When pump powers are higher, heat-transfer bottlenecks within the ceramic and heat-sink interfaces limit maximum pump intensities. We find that surface temperatures of these laser-pumped ceramics can reach well over 150 degrees C, causing thermal-quenching losses. We also find that in some cases, the loss of quantum efficiency with increasing temperature can cause a thermal run-away effect, resulting in a rapid loss in converted light, possibly over-heating the sample or surrounding structures. While one can still obtain radiances on the order of many W/mm(2)/sr, temperature quenching effects ultimately limit converted light radiance. Finally, we use the diffusion-approximation radiation transport models and rate equation models to simulate some of these nonlinear optical pumping and heating effects in high-scattering ceramics.

关键词： radiance phosphors ceramics saturation thermal quenching entropy optical pumping

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design of compact fisheye lens with slope-constrained Q-type aspheres

Design of compact fisheye lens with slope-constrained Q-type...

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Conference on current developments in Lens design and optical engineering XIV

作者： Xu, Chen Cheng, Dewen Song, Weitao Wang, Yongtian Wang, Qingfeng Beijing Inst Technol Sch Optoelect Beijing 100081 Peoples R China

ISBN: (纸本)9780819496911

Two types of fisheye lenses for automobile navigation are designed with slope-constrained Q-type aspheres. Special requirements have been considered in the design process, and Q-type surfaces are introduced by converted from other kinds of aspheric description with only coefficients of low-order terms retained. A possible problem of imaging the first surface onto the sensor has also been analyzed. As a result, as for the six-element fisheye lens, MTF is greater than 0.3 at 45lp/mm, f-theta distortion is less than 0.03 when the focal length is calibrated, field of view is 230 degrees and full field relative illumination is greater than 0.4. For the four-element fisheye lens, MTF is greater than 0.4 at 45lp/mm, f-theta distortion is less than 0.16, field of view is 190 degrees and full field relative illumination is greater than 0.6. The design results show that the Q-type surfaces employed in fisheye lenses can make the system more compact, lightweighted and easier to manufacture.

关键词： fisheye lens Q-type asphere distortion evaluation tolerance analysis image quality analysis

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A three-channel miniaturized optical system for multi-resolution imaging

A three-channel miniaturized optical system for multi-resolu...

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Conference on current developments in Lens design and optical engineering XIV

作者： Belay, Gebirie Y. Ottevaere, Heidi Meuret, Youri Thienpont, Hugo Vrije Univ Brussel Fac Engn Dept Appl Phys & Photon TONA Brussels Photon TeamB PHOT B-1050 Brussels Belgium

ISBN: (纸本)9780819496911

Inspired by the natural compound eyes of insects, multichannel imaging systems embrace many channels that scramble their entire Field-Of-View (FOV). Our aim in this work was to attain multi-resolution capability into a multi-channel imaging system by manipulating the available channels to possess different imaging properties (focal length, angular resolution). We have designed a three-channel imaging system where the first and third channels have highest and lowest angular resolution of 0.0096 degrees and 0.078 degrees and narrowest and widest FOVs of 7 degrees and 80 degrees, respectively. The design of the channels has been done for a single wavelength of 587.6 nm using CODE V. The three channels each consist of 4 aspherical lens surfaces and an absorbing baffle that avoids crosstalk among the neighbouring channels. The aspherical lens surfaces have been fabricated in PMMA by ultra-precision diamond tooling and the baffles by metal additive manufacturing. The profiles of the fabricated lens surfaces have been measured with an accurate multi-sensor coordinate measuring machine and compared with the corresponding profiles of the designed lens surfaces. The fabricated lens profiles are then incorporated into CODE V to realistically model the three channels and also compare their performances with those of the nominal design. We can conclude that the performances of the two latter models are in a good agreement.

关键词： Multi-resolution imaging systems angular resolution multi-channel three-channel

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A framework of cloud supported collaborative design in glass lens moulds based on aspheric measurement

A framework of cloud supported collaborative design in glass...

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Conference on current developments in Lens design and optical engineering XIV

作者： Zhu, Yongjian Wang, Yu Na, Jingxin Zhi, Yanan Fan, Yufeng Jilin Univ State Key Lab Automot Simulat & Control Changchun 130025 Peoples R China Zhejiang Univ Sci & Technol Hangzhou 310023 Zhejiang Peoples R China Chinese Acad Sci Shanghai Inst Opt & Fine Mech Shanghai 201800 Peoples R China

ISBN: (纸本)9780819496911

Aspheric mould design includes the top-down design and reversal design. In this paper, a new framework of reversal design is proposed combining with cloud supported collaborative design (CSCD) based on aspheric measurement. The framework is a kind of collaborative platform, which is composed of eight modules, including the computerized aspheric precision measurement module (CAPM), computer-aided optical design of aspheric lens system (CAOD), computer-aided design of lens mould (CADLM), FEM(finite element method) simulation of lens molding module (FEMLM), computer-aided manufacture of lens & moulds (CAMLM), measurement data analysis module (MDAM), optical product lifecycle management module (OPLM) and cloud computing network module (CCNM). In this framework, the remote clients send an improved requirement or fabrication demand about optical lens system through CCNM, which transfers this signal to OPLM. In OPLM, one main server is in charge of the task distribution and collaborative work of other six modules. The first measurement data of aspheric lens are produced by clients or our proposed platform CAPM, then are sent to CAOD for optimization and the electronic drawings of lens moulds are generated in CADLM module. According the design drawings, the FEMLM could give the lens-molding simulation parameters through FEM software. The simulation data are used for the second design of moulds in CADLM module. In this case, the moulds could be fabricated in CAMLM by ultra-precision machine, and the aspheric lens could be also produced by lens-molding machine in CAMLM. At last, the final shape of aspheric lens could be measured in CAPM and the data analysis could be conducted in MDAM module. Through the proposed framework, all the work described above could be performed coordinately. And the optimum design data of lens mould could be realized and saved, then shared by all the work team.

关键词： aspheric measurement lens molding cloud supported collaborative design

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