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Conference on current developments in Lens design and optical engineering XIII

作者： Oteo, Esther Diaz, J. A. Arasa, J. Tech Univ Catalonia Terrassa Spain

ISBN: (纸本)9780819492036

A new method for the misalignments calculation has been developed based in the analysis of the coefficients of the Zernike polynomial adjustment to the on-axis wavefront of the optical system. By means of a study of the system behavior in front of misalignments when they are small perturbations of position around the nominal value, it is shown that the Zernike coefficients behaviour can be aproximated with a polynomial. The coefficients of the Zernike polynomial are used to form a system of non-linear equations where the unknown variables are the misalignment values. This system of equations can be solved to find the misalignments values. The method has been validated by the simulation of a triplet where the second lens is misaligned. A series of misalignments of decentering and tilt have been applied and by simulation the wavefront have been obtained. Then the method has been used to calculate the misalignments from the wavefronts. Good results have been obtained for decentering and tilt separetely. With this process, the error of calculation for the tilt and the decentering has been obatined to be less than 20% for the simulated triplet system.

关键词： optical systems elements alignment misalignments Zernike Coefficients wavefront evaluation

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Thermal optical Path Difference Analysis of Off-Axis Lens Ray Trace Foot-Print at Cassegrain telescope correct lens assembly

Thermal Optical Path Difference Analysis of Off-Axis Lens Ra...

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Conference on current developments in Lens design and optical engineering XIII

作者： Hsu, Ming-Ying Lin, Yu-Chuan Chan, Chia-Yen Lin, Wei-Cheng Chang, Shenq-Tsong Huang, Ting-Ming Natl Appl Res Labs Instrument Technol Res Ctr Hsinchu 300 Taiwan

ISBN: (纸本)9780819492036

The Cassegrain telescope system in this study, is discussion correct lens thermal OPD (optical Path Difference) effect optical performance. The correct lens assembly are includes several components such as correct lens, lens mount, spacer, mount barrel and retainer. The heat transfer from surrounding to the correct lens barrel will causes optical system aberration. Meanwhile, the off-axis rays path of the OPD must consider lens incidence point and emergence point. The correct lens temperature distribution is calculate the lens barrel heat transfer analysis, the thermal distortion and stress are solve by FEM (Finite Element Method) software. The temperature calculation results can be weighting to each incidence ray path and calculate thermal OPD. The thermal OPD on Z-direction can be fitted by rigid body motion and Zernike polynomial. The fitting results can be used to evaluate the thermal effect on correct lens assembly in telescope system.

关键词： OPD FEM Ray trace Off-axis Correct lens

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Digital optical microscope as a sampled imaging system: mathematical description, camera selection and focusing

Digital optical microscope as a sampled imaging system: math...

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Conference on current developments in Lens design and optical engineering XIII

作者： Borovytsky, Volodymyr Nat Tech Univ Ukraine KPI Opt Eng Dept UA-03056 Kiev Ukraine

ISBN: (纸本)9780819492036

The paper presents the mathematical description of an optical microscope with a digital camera and an image processing as an analog-digital-analog imaging system. This description considers a channel of the microscope as a sequence of the linear spatial filters of two dimensional signals. The channel contains an optical system as a low frequency analog filter, a digital camera as a low frequency analog filter with spatial and amplitude discretization and noise generation, a digital linear filter which has to amplify the high frequency harmonics and a restoration unit that plays a role of a two dimensional interpolator. This mathematical apparatus is useful for proper selection of a digital camera which guarantees the maximal field of view with absence of image distortions. The terms like optimal, non-sufficient and non-useful (void) linear magnification of a microscope optical system are expanded from a visual microscopy to a digital one. This mathematical description is also applied for selection of a digital filter for focusing and digital focus extension. The modulation transfer function of this filter should match for the spatial spectrum of observed objects in the zone of spatial harmonics that is most sensitive to defocusing. In this case the maximal sensitivity to defocusing with minimization of influence of noise can be reached.

关键词： imaging system microscope digital camera focusing modulation transfer function digital filter digital focus extension

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Co-extruded Multilayer Films for High Capacity optical Data Storage

Co-extruded Multilayer Films for High Capacity Optical Data ...

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Conference on current developments in Lens design and optical engineering XIII

作者： Christenson, Cory W. Ryan, Chris Valle, Brent Saini, Anuj Lott, Joseph Johnson, Jack Schiraldi, David Weder, Christoph Baer, Eric Singer, Kenneth D. Shan, Jie Case Western Reserve Univ Dept Phys Cleveland OH 44106 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9780819492036

New approaches for optical data storage (ODS) applications are needed to meet the future requirements of applications in multimedia, archiving, security, and many others. Commercial data storage technologies are moving to three-dimensional (3D) materials, but the capacity is limited by the fabrication cost and the number of layers that can be addressed using the reflection-based storage mechanism. We demonstrate here storage systems based on co-extrusion of multilayer (ML) films that can overcome these problems. The organic roll-to-roll films produced can easily be produced hundreds of meters in length, in a far simpler and cheaper manner than current manufacturing methods such as spin coating and lamination. The medium consists of alternating active and buffer layers, and data storage is demonstrated by writing images in 23 layers of 78 mu m thick films by fluorescence (FL) quenching of an organic dye. The areal data resolution is at the diffraction limit of the CW Blu-ray (BR) laser employed, and the co-extrusion technique allows for small layer spacings, leading to a total bit density 1.2 Tb/cm(3). We anticipate materials already demonstrated successful for 3D ODS will be adapted to this technique, as well as new systems developed, to take full advantage of this medium.

关键词： optical data storage extrusion photonics organic chromophore organic polymer photobleaching

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Electrostatic Focusing System with high value of demagnification

Electrostatic Focusing System with high value of demagnifica...

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Conference on current developments in Lens design and optical engineering XIII

作者： Abgaryan, Artush A. Levi, Eli AISC Inc Hauppauge NY 11788 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9780819492036

For E-beam transmission and transforming we developed an electrostatic focusing device with extraordinary demagnification and abilities for 100% transmission of an electron beam with uniform distribution of current density. This experimental electrostatic focusing system consists of two sections;the first is field formation and second is field free -for measurement space(1). The purpose of this article is to present the experimental results from our electro-optical system. The measurement instrument used in the laboratory set up is an adjustable scanning system, which includes a faraday cup with a 14um diameter tungsten wire, for measuring different cross sections. The measurement of the crossover point is based on a combination of theoretical and experimental processes. The theoretical uses calculations from the " CPO"(2) program and the experimental measures different cross sections which are much larger than the diameter of the tungsten wire. Theoretically, from trajectory calculations, the crossover point is approximately 0.446 mu m. This estimation is obtained by drawing an isosceles triangle from the experimental results and comparing it to another isosceles triangle created from the theoretically calculated trajectories. Both triangles together have a geometrically proportional ratio and differ by about one percent or less. The design of the electrostatic focusing system is achieved utilizing the CGMR (Cone and Golden Mean Ratio) approach (1, 3 and 4). This system is suitable for use in X-ray tubes(5), e-beam lithography, SEM, high speed photonic technology, and also for any EOS.

关键词： Electro-optical systems CRT EBL SEM X-Ray tube electro-vacuum devices

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Investigation of the optical and Structural Properties of WO₃ Thin Films with Different Sputtering Power Supplies

Investigation of the Optical and Structural Properties of WO...

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Conference on current developments in Lens design and optical engineering XIII

作者： Chen, Hsi-Chao Jan, Der-Jun Chen, Chien-Han Huang, Kuo-Ting Luo, Yu-Siang Chen, Jia-Min Natl Yunlin Univ Sci & Technol Grad Sch Optoelect Yunlin 64002 Taiwan

ISBN: (纸本)9780819492036

The purpose of this research was to investigate the optical and structural properties of tungsten oxide (WO3) thin films deposited with three different sputtering power supplies: direct current (DC), DC pulse and radio frequency (RF). These WO3 thin films were deposited on ITO glass and silicon substrate with different gas ratios of oxygen and argon (O-2/Ar ratio). WO3 thin film is the role of the electrochromic window was resulted from the advantages of large variation in optical density, high response efficiency, no toxicity and low cost. The experimental results showed that optical intensity increased with the increasing of O-2/Ar ratio and all films have the 950cm(-1) peak which the bonding of W+6=O in Raman spectra. Hence, the O-2/Ar ratio was changed from 0.4 to 0.8 to study the ability of coloring and bleaching for the three different power supplies. Anyways, the WO3 thin films had the best electrochromic property at the O-2/Ar ratio of 0.7, 0.6 and 0.6 for DC, DC pulse, and RF, respectively. The transmittances could be over 75% for all films at as-deposited and the deposition rates were between 0.8 and 0.1 angstrom s(-1). Simultaneously, the transmittance variations (Delta T) were 51%, 57% and 53% for DC, DC pulse, and RF power sources at wavelength of 550 nm, respectively. The coloration ability of WO3 thin film deposition with power supply of DC pulse was better than that of the DC and RF.

关键词： Tungsten oxide (WO3) direct current (DC) magnetron sputtering pulsed DC sputtering radio frequency (RF) sputtering Raman spectra

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Organic solid-state integrated amplifiers and lasers

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LASER & PHOTONICS REVIEWS 2012年第4期6卷 419-462页

作者： Grivas, Christos Pollnau, Markus Univ Twente MESA Inst Nanotechnol Integrated Opt Microsyst IOMS NL-7500 AE Enschede Netherlands

Solid-state organic amplifiers and lasers are attractive for hybrid integration due to their compatibility with different material platforms, straightforward processing, and possibility to optimize easily their optical and electronic properties by molecular engineering. Advances in the gain medium design and synthesis in combination with new resonator architectures led to tremendous improvements in temporal and spectral properties, lifetime stability, gains produced and operating threshold powers, which triggered interest in their use for a broad range of integrated photonic applications. In this contribution, the current state-of-the-art in the field of organic solid-state amplifiers and lasers is reviewed from the aspects of fabrication technology, gain materials, and device performance. Furthermore, examples of the progress of this technology from a laboratory curiosity to one that demonstrates practical integrated photonic applications are highlighted. An outlook is also provided on research areas and applications that are likely to shape further developments of this technology. (Figure reprinted from [296], (C) 2000, with permission from Elsevier.)

关键词： Integrated optics polymers and organics laser applications resonators cavities amplifiers arrays, and rings semiconductor lasers laser diodes doped-insulator lasers and other solid state lasers optical waveguides fabrication techniques lithography pattern transfer

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design and fabrication of the near-ultraviolet birefringent Solc filter for the NASA IRIS solar physics mission

Design and fabrication of the near-ultraviolet birefringent ...

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Conference on current developments in Lens design and optical engineering XIII

作者： Berger, Thomas Mudge, Jason Holmes, Buck Searcy, Paul Wuelser, Jean-Pierre Lemen, James Title, Alan Adv Technol Ctr Palo Alto CA 94304 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9780819492036

The NASA Interface Region Imaging Spectrograph (IRIS) mission is a Small Explorer (SMEX) satellite mission designed to study plasma dynamics in the "interface region" between the Sun's chromosphere and corona with high spatial, spectral, and temporal resolution. The primary instrument is a dual Czerny-Turner spectrograph fed by a 20-cm Cassegrain telescope measuring near-and far-ultraviolet (NUV, FUV) spectral lines in the ranges 133-141 nm and 278-283 nm. To determine the position of the slit on the solar disk, a slit-jaw imaging system is used. The NUV slit-jaw imaging system produces high spatial resolution images at two positions in the Mg II 280 nm spectral line complex using a birefringent Solc filter with two wide-band interference pre-filters for spectral order selection. The Solc filter produces a 0.36 nm full-width at half-maximum (FWHM) filter profile with low sidelobes and a peak transmission of 15% at 279.6 nm. The filter consists of two "wire grid'' polarizers surrounding 8 quartz waveplates configured in a modified Solc "fan" rotational pattern. The elements are optically coupled using DC200 silicon-based grease. The NUV Solc filter is sealed in a windowed cell to prevent silicon contamination of the FUV channel. The design of the sealed cell and assembly of the filter into the cell were among the most challenging optomechanical aspects of the IRIS spectrograph system.

关键词： Optics imaging birefringent filter near-ultraviolet far-ultraviolet satellite systems solar spectrum

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Topical developments of Nanoporous Membrane Filters for Ultrafine Noble Metal Nanoparticles

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EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF INORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2012年第33期2012卷 5439-5450页

作者： El-Safty, Sherif A. Nguyen Duc Hoa Shenashen, Mohamed A. Natl Inst Mat Sci Tsukuba Ibaraki 3050047 Japan Waseda Univ Grad Sch Adv Sci & Engn Shinjuku Ku Tokyo 1698555 Japan

Physicists have predicted and confirmed that metal nanoparticles (NPs) with a diameter between 1 and 10 nm can display electronic structures that reflect the electronic band structure of the NPs and can exhibit extraordinary optical properties. These physicists have focused on developing silica nanotube (NT) membranes for the size-cut-off sieving of noble metal NPs and have proposed a design for the potential application of separated ultrafine NPs, for example in cancer diagnosis and treatment. In our current studies, we have been aiming to control the functionality of the mesofilter design for size-exclusion-cut-off separation. We have focused on successful and current designs for the development of silica (NT) membranes as promising filter candidates for the size-exclusive separation of ultrafine noble metal NPs. The schematic design of nanofilters is also highlighted in relation to engineering dense silica NTs into anodic alumina membrane (AAM) nanochannels. The multifunctional surface coating of AAM pore channels with organic coupling agents facilitates the production of extremely robust membrane sequences without air gaps between the NTs. This practical nanofilter design is capable of producing controlled homogeneous ultrafine noble metal NPs with preferred spherical morphology. Advancements in controlling the simple, scalable fabrication processes of ultrafine noble metal NPs are significant for designed applications in biotechnology, especially for in vivo diagnosis and treatment of cancer, because of their superior surface-to-volume ratio and smaller size (4.5 nm), which is less than the limiting hydrodynamic diameter (5.5 nm) for effective renal clearance from the human body.

关键词： Noble metals Nanoparticles Silica Nanotubes Membranes Nano-filtration

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current developments in Lens design and optical engineering XI;and Advances in Thin Film Coatings VI

Current Developments in Lens Design and Optical Engineering ...

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current developments in Lens design and optical engineering XI;and Advances in Thin Film Coatings VI

ISBN: (纸本)9780819482822

The proceedings contain 35 papers. The topics discussed include: CCT-dependent calibration for colorimeters;high performance of color mixing and projection lighting based on color LEDs;research on angle-selective filters of phosphor color wheel for LED projectors;high-efficiency LED street light using micro-lens array;optical performance as a function of phosphor particle number in white LED;a novel approach for structural synthesis of zoom systems;accelerating diffractive optics design with GPU-based parallel technique;ultra-compact close-up microoptical imaging system;design and implementation of recording and readout system for micro-holographic optical data storage;perceptual image quality and telescope performance ranking;ion-beam figuring (IBF) for high-precision optics becomes affordable;and flat liquid crystal diffractive lenses with variable focus and magnification.

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