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Power and Efficiency Scaling of GaAs-Based Edge-Emitting High-Power Diode Lasers

IEEE JOURNAL OF SELECTED TOPICS IN QUANTUM ELECTRONICS 2025年第2期31卷

作者： Crump, Paul Boni, Anisuzzaman Elattar, Mohamed Khamari, S. K. Marko, Igor P. Sweeney, Stephen J. Arslan, Seval King, Ben Miah, Md. Jarez Martin, Dominik Knigge, Andrea Casa, Pietro Della Traenkle, Guenther Ferdinand Braun Inst FBH D-12489 Berlin Germany Univ Glasgow Glasgow City G12 8QQ Scotland FBH Berlin D-12489 Berlin Germany RRCAT Indore 452013 India Univ Glasgow Glasgow City G12 8LT Scotland

current progress in the scaling of continuous wave optical output power and conversion efficiency of broad-area GaAs-based edge emitters, broad-area lasers (BALs), operating in the 900 & mldr;1000 nm wavelength range is presented. Device research and engineering efforts have ensured that BALs remain the most efficient of all light sources, so that in the past 10 years, power conversion efficiency at 20 W continuous wave (CW) output power from BA lasers with a 90 & mldr;100 mu m wide stripe has increased 1.5-fold to 57% (via epitaxial layer design developments), whilst peak CW power per single emitter has increased around 3-fold to 70 W (via scaling of device size), with further scaling underway, for example via use of multi-junction designs. However, the peak achievable CW power conversion efficiency and CW specific output power (defined here as peak output power from a 100 mu m stripe diode lasers with a single p-n junction) has changed remarkably little, remaining around 70% and 25 W, respectively, for the past decade. Fortunately, research to understand the limits to peak efficiency and specific output power has also shown progress. Specifically, recent studies indicate that spatial non-uniformity in optical field and temperature play a major role in limiting both power and conversion efficiency. Technological efforts motivated by these discoveries to flatten lateral and longitudinal temperature profiles have successfully increased both power and efficiency. In addition, epitaxial layer designs with very high modal gain successfully reduce threshold current and increase slope at 25 degrees C to values comparable to those observed at 200 K, offering a path toward the 80% conversion efficiency range currently seen only at these cryogenic temperatures. Overall, whilst operating efficiency and power continue to scale rapidly, a technological path for increased specific power and peak efficiency is also emerging.

关键词： optical resonators Semiconductor lasers Power generation Diode lasers Power lasers optical reflection Epitaxial layers Stimulated emission Reflectivity Power conversion Quantum well lasers power conversion

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design strategies for electrochromic displays

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Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society 2025年 1-36页

作者： Shin, Dongbin Lee, Jeongseo Pyo, Hoon Lee, Sihyun Kang, Hyunmook Kim, Hyojung Moon, Cheon Woo Department of Display Materials Engineering Soonchunhyang University Asan31538 Korea Republic of Department of Semiconductor Systems Engineering Sejong University Seoul05006 Korea Republic of

Non-emissive displays that harness ambient light are one of the cornerstones in the area of visually representing the desired object. Among the materials used, therein, electrochromic (EC) materials have shown their great potential, due to their low power consumption, wide-viewing angle, and excellent bistability. These features lead to ease of daily applications like IoT, where traditional famous displays such as LCD and LED cannot easily be adopted. Moreover, EC material-based pixels can dynamically represent RGB colors and contrast within a single pixel, which significantly differentiates them from traditional emissive devices. Displays based on EC materials demand complicated requirements, for example, the design of optically efficient nanostructures, the development of energetically efficient electrochemical systems, and the design of optimized device architectures. However, as these individual aspects and inter-effects are not yet fully understood, a comprehensive understanding of the electrical, chemical, and optical interactions is crucial for advancing device design. In this review paper, an overview of the current developments in non-emissive display technology based on EC materials is provided, and the principles necessary for designing efficient EC display devices are outlined for efficient EC device design. © The Korean Ceramic Society 2025.

关键词： Pixels

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Metasurfaces in optical Biosensing: Revolutionizing Detection Techniques and Shaping the Future

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Photonics 2025年第4期12卷 360-360页

作者： Kumar, Sunil Singh, Harbinder Singh, Dhiraj Kumar Department of Electrical Electronics and Communication Engineering Galgotias University Uttar Pradesh Greater Noida201308 India Galgotias University Uttar Pradesh Greater Noida201308 India Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering UCRD Chandigarh University Punjab Mohali140413 India Amity School of Engineering and Technology Amity University Haryana Amity Education ValleyManesarHaryana Gurugram122413 India

Metasurfaces have been widely investigated across the disciplines of optical biosensing due to their exceptional ability to manipulate electromagnetic fields. Consequently, over the past few years, there has been growing interest in the application of metasurfaces in optical biosensors in the field of biomedical sensing. While being label-free and offering real-time tracking, high sensitivity, and a quick response are among the benefits of conventional optical biosensors, the incorporation of metasurfaces improves their wavefront manipulation, selectivity for versatile sensing, and capacity for device miniaturization to satisfy increasingly complex application requirements. Furthermore, there is a lack of comprehensive evaluations that address the current research developments and future possibilities, despite the encouraging advancements in this emerging field. Hence, this work provides a comprehensive review and serves as a valuable resource for researchers exploring metasurface-based optical biosensors. This review delves into defining the basic sensing concepts, design procedures, and important figures of merit (FOM) for metasurface-based optical biosensors and their applications, including the detection of numerous analytes, such as viruses, toxins, antibodies, tumors, and drugs and the monitoring of blood sugar. Furthermore, presenting a critical evaluation of structural fabrication techniques with a view toward potential future commercialization, this review ends by highlighting several fascinating areas for further investigation. For this review article, a total of 5844 effective documents about metasurface optical biosensors were retrieved from the Scopus database. The VOSviewer version 1.6.20 bibliometric software was used for the scientific analysis of the data retrieved from the Scopus database from 2010 to 2025. © 2025 by the authors.

关键词： metasurfaces biosensing figure of merit limit of detection photolithography sensitivity

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Next-generation 80x nm high-power diode lasers: recent progress for single- and multi-bar packages 23

Next-generation 80x nm high-power diode lasers: recent progr...

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High-Power Diode Laser Technology XXIII 2025

作者： Kaaden, Tobias Meusel, Jens Zorn, Martin Pietrzak, Agnieszka Werner, Ekkehard Schroeder, Matthias Huelsewede, Ralf Stier, Martin Salge, Martin Doerfel, Falk Heidecke, Thomas Palinginis, Phedon JENOPTIK Optical Systems GmbH Goeschwitzer Str. 25 Jena07743 Germany JENOPTIK Optical Systems GmbH Max-Plank-Str. 25 Berlin12489 Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9781510684386

We report on recent developments to increase optical output power and reliability of 80x nm high-power diode lasers, significantly exceeding the performance of JENOPTIK’s current 80x nm diode laser generation. The increase in optical output power is mainly achieved via utilization of in-house laser bars with improved chip design. Employing JENOPTIK’s double-side cooled open heat sink designs and its related packaging technology allows for reliable operation of single-bar packages up to 120 W optical output power in continuous-wave (cw) operation. For hard-soldered multi-bar packages a novel solder deposition technology has been tested in combination with improved 80x nm broad-area laser bar designs demonstrating pulse peak power levels beyond ~ 400 W per bar in long-pulse (lp) mode operation, i.e. pulse durations up to 10 ms and duty cycles on the order of 10%. These promising results spur future developments in the field of optical pumping as well as direct diode laser applications. © 2025 SPIE.

关键词： optical pumping

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Photonic lightsails: Fast and Stable Propulsion for Interstellar Travel

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Lin, Jadon Y. de Sterke, C. Martijn Ilic, Ognjen Kuhlmey, Boris T. School of Physics The University of Sydney SydneyNSW2006 Australia Institute of Photonics and Optical Science The University of Sydney SydneyNSW2006 Australia Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Minnesota MinneapolisMN55455 United States The University of Sydney Nano Institute The University of Sydney SydneyNSW2006 Australia

Lightsails are a highly promising spacecraft concept that has attracted interest in recent years due to its potential to travel at near-relativistic speeds. Such speeds, which current conventional crafts cannot reach, offer tantalizing opportunities to probe nearby stellar systems within a human lifetime. Recent advancements in photonics and metamaterials have created novel solutions to challenges in propulsion and stability facing lightsail missions. This review introduces the physical principles underpinning lightsail spacecrafts and discusses how photonics coupled with inverse design substantially enhance lightsail performance compared to plain reflectors. These developments pave the way through a previously inaccessible frontier of space exploration. © 2025, CC BY.

关键词： Space research

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Performance scaling of high-power diode laser pumps for fusion applications 8

Performance scaling of high-power diode laser pumps for fusi...

引用

High Power Lasers for Fusion Research VIII 2025

作者： Crump, P. Fenwick, W.E. Berlin12489 Germany 7000 East Ave. LivermoreCA94550 United States

ISBN: (纸本)9781510684348

The development, test and deployment of inertial fusion energy facilities depend critically on the economic supply of diode laser pumps. Efforts from innovation in automation to yield and volume scaling in semiconductor production and the development of ultra-low-cost packaging technologies are essential to lower purchase cost in Euros/dollars per Watt. It is equally important to substantially increase reliable output powers and conversion efficiency of the semiconductor devices, via continuous improvement in III-V technology. We therefore summarize current developments in industry and research in the performance scaling of diode pumps for fusion application. First, we show how efficient 1-cm diode bars with 1000 W output power are migrating from the laboratory towards mass production, enabled by design improvement and techniques such as high-throughput passivation. Next, we summarize recent research, that shows a path to scaling 1-cm bars toward multi-kilowatt powers, whilst efforts in defect elimination promise increased fabrication yield and longer lifetimes. © 2025 SPIE.

关键词： optical pumping

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CRITICAL ANGLE REFRACTOMETRY - ACCURACY ANALYSIS

CRITICAL ANGLE REFRACTOMETRY - ACCURACY ANALYSIS

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5TH CONF ON current developments IN optical design AND optical engineering

作者： TENTORI, D CICESE (United States)

An analysis of the measuring accuracy that can be obtained using critical angle refractometry as a direct and an indirect method is made. The working conditions required to get the highest accuracy are discussed.

ISBN: (纸本)0819406554

关键词： Prisms Refractive index Error analysis Refractometry optical engineering optical design Polishing Tolerancing Ray tracing Solids

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IMAGE PLANE TILT IN optical-SYSTEMS

IMAGE PLANE TILT IN OPTICAL-SYSTEMS

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5TH CONF ON current developments IN optical design AND optical engineering

作者： SASIAN, JM AT&T Bell Labs. (United States)

Mathematical expressions are presented to relate object and image plane tilts in nonaxially symmetric systems. Examples that illustrate the use of these expressions are given. Keystone distortion is described and quan... 详细信息

ISBN: (纸本)0819406554

关键词： Distortion Geometrical optics Monochromatic aberrations optical design optical engineering Systems modeling Imaging systems Mirrors Prisms Spherical lenses

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MEMBRANE LIGHT MODULATORS - engineering design CONSIDERATIONS

MEMBRANE LIGHT MODULATORS - ENGINEERING DESIGN CONSIDERATION...

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5TH CONF ON current developments IN optical design AND optical engineering

作者： OMARA, D SCHILLER, CM WARDE, C Optron Systems Inc. (United States)

ISBN: (纸本)0819406554

Geometric parameters such as fill-factor, pixel shape, and array symmetry strongly affect the performance of membrane light modulators. A set of modeling tools that allow device performance evaluation as a function of these parameters have been developed. The models predict the effect of varying a given parameter and allow visualization of the result. The current modeling results are in good agreement with experimental observation and have formed the basis for computer-aided design of future generations of such devices.

关键词： Modulators Instrument modeling Diffraction Performance modeling Fourier transforms optical design optical engineering Solid modeling Statistical modeling Computer aided design

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Recent developments and applications in electronic speckle pattern interferometry

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JOURNAL OF STRAIN ANALYSIS FOR engineering design 1998年第2期33卷 153-169页

作者： Petzing, JN Tyrer, JR Univ Loughborough Dept Mech Engn Loughborough Leics England

Electronic speckle pattern interferometry (ESPI) is a wholefield non-contact optical metrology technique for displacement measurement, based on the optical physics of surface-generated laser speckle. Since its inception during the early 1970s ESPI has gradually evolved into different optical designs and has been applied to a range of engineering and non-engineering applications. Development of ESPI has continued during the 1990s with the introduction of new laser and optical technology into the interferometers, allowing further optimization and extending the potential applicability of the technique. This review considers the most notable developments of interferometer design and application that have occurred and been widely published during the 1990s, and examines the current and near-future direction of research into the technique.

关键词： speckle interferometry ESPI static dynamic transient wholefield

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