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检索条件"任意字段=Current Developments in Optical Design and Optical Engineering 1991"

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design of a discrete scan laser focusing system with a ring grating scan element

Design of a discrete scan laser focusing system with a ring ...

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Conference on current developments in Lens design and optical engineering IX

作者： Rodgers, J. Michael Opt Res Associates Pasadena CA 91107 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9780819472809

An optical system application required a high speed laser scanning subsystem that produced high quality extended images focused at 32 discrete separated positions along a line, rather than continuously varying positions along the line as in more familiar scanning systems. This paper describes the optical design trades and selection of a grating-based scan element that produces this unusual type of scan, and the optical design methods that corrected aberrations produced by the scan element. A variety of different grating-based scan element designs were explored, in a flat disk geometry, but these produced excessive aberrations, both in the absolute level and in the magnitude of variation with scan. A ring-shaped scan element geometry was identified, which greatly minimized the scan-varying aberrations and brought them to near acceptable levels. Additional cylindrical corrector elements were added near the ring scan element to reduce the astigmatism of the ring substrate, and cylindrical lenslets were placed near the focus to provide further independent correction of astigmatism in each scan position. The resulting design achieved diffraction limited wavefront quality across the scan range.

关键词： optical design gratings scanning systems

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design Efficiency of 3188 optical designs

Design Efficiency of 3188 Optical Designs

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Conference on current developments in Lens design and optical engineering IX

作者： Cakmakci, Ozan Rolland, Jannick P. Thompson, Kevin P. Rogers, John Univ Cent Florida CREOL Coll Opt & Photon Orlando FL 32816 USA Opt Res Associates Pasadena CA USA

ISBN: (纸本)9780819472809

In this study, we take a data-driven approach to study the design efficiency of a variety of optical designs. Efficiency is defined to be the number of resolvable spots across the image per lens element. 3188 designs were selected from a commercially available lens database. Each design was imported into a raytrace code, briefly optimized, and the number of resolvable spots was computed. Examples of efficient designs within this dataset are shown. Four design efficiency groupings are created and discussed separately: 1) all-spherical, monochromatic designs, 2) monochromatic designs with some aspheres, 3) all-spherical, polychromatic designs, and 4) polychromatic designs with some aspheres. Zoom lens systems were excluded from the dataset. The results of the analysis are intended to answer the question of "how many elements does it take, as a minimum, to deliver a certain number of resolved spots?"

关键词： optical system design efficiency database analysis

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design and fabrication of low-cost thermal imaging optics using precision chalcogenide glass molding

Design and fabrication of low-cost thermal imaging optics us...

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Conference on current developments in Lens design and optical engineering IX

作者： Curatu, George LightPath Technol Orlando FL 32826 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9780819472809

Aspheric and diffractive surfaces in infrared materials are traditionally fabricated by single point diamond turning, which is a high-cost, low-throughput process, not suitable for low-cost, high-volume applications. Precision molding of chalcogenide glasses is a novel process we developed to allow the efficient fabrication of quality infrared optics in large volumes. In this paper we present the advantages and particularities of designing thermal imaging lenses for high-volume applications using precision molded chalcogenide glasses. As an example, we present a compact 19 mm F/1.1 infrared lens design for a 320 x 240 uncooled detector array operating from 8 to 14 microns. The excellent image quality and transmission of tested prototypes prove that precision molding of chalcogenide glasses is an ideal optical fabrication technology for the high-volume production of infrared optics.

关键词： infrared lens design thermal imaging precision glass molding chalcogenide glasses athermal design diffractive optics

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Correctly making panoramic imagery and the meaning of optical center

Correctly making panoramic imagery and the meaning of optica...

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Conference on current developments in Lens design and optical engineering IX

作者： Johnson, R. Barry Alabama A&M Univ Dept Phys Normal AL 35762 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9780819472809

The production and viewing of panoramic scenes have fascinated people for over a millennium beginning with the camera obscura. With the advent of photography in the mid-1800s, techniques were developed to create panoramic scenes far larger than could be realized by a single camera. Making a panoramic scene from two or more images taken using a film camera was found to be challenging. Various advanced techniques for making panoramic images were developed during the 20(th) century and required specialized cameras and film processing. In recent years, digital cameras and powerful software programs have become readily available to aid in making panoramic imagery although often strange artifacts appears in the composite image. This is generally due to improperly locating the rotation axis of the camera. Interestingly, there is significant argument about where the axis of rotation should be for making proper panoramic imagery. The most common "answer" is the rotation axis should be about the second or rear nodal point, which will be shown in this paper to be incorrect. A second "answer" is to rotate the camera about its optical center. This is also incorrect;however, what actually constitutes the optical center of a lens and its applications will be briefly discussed. Examples of correctly and incorrectly produced panoramic image will be presented.

关键词： optical center cardinal points nodal imaging panoramic panorama Gauss Listing nodal planes

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The design, Construction and Characterization of a Solid Elastic Lens

The Design, Construction and Characterization of a Solid Ela...

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Conference on current developments in Lens design and optical engineering IX

作者： Santiago-Alvarado, A. Vazquez-Montiel, S. Iturbide-Jimenez, F. Arriaga-Martinez, R. Gonzalez-Garcia, J. UTM Inst Fis & Matemat Carretera Acatlima Km 2-5 Huajuapan Leon Oaxaca Mexico City 6900 DF Mexico INAOE Inst Opt Santa Maria Tonantzintla Pu Mexico UTM Inst Diseno Mexico City 6900 DF Mexico

ISBN: (纸本)9780819472809

Recent times have seen the production of normal and micro liquid lenses with variable focal length. These have been specially made with transparent elastic materials and liquid medium between them, or with a dielectric liquid medium inside the cavity. Change in the volume of the liquid medium, in the first case, or the application of an electric field as in the second, produced a change in the optical parameters of the lens. The present study offers the opto-mechanical design, manufacture and characterization of a solid elastic lens made of Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS). To do so, we have prepared a mechanical support frame to hold all of the components of the lens and also allow for the application of radial stress on its periphery. In order to ensure a well-finished lens surface a high quality optical glass mold has also been constructed. Finally, we will present an analysis of the properties of this type of lens when it undergoes variations of radial stress. The experimental results are presented.

关键词： Adaptive lens Opto-mechanical design Elastic lens

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Day and Night Security Camera

Day and Night Security Camera

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Conference on current developments in Lens design and optical engineering IX

作者： Laikin, Milton Kweon, Gyeong-il Choi, Young-ho Laikin Opt Corp 4314 Marina City Dr 930 Marina Del Rey CA 90292 USA Honam Univ Dept Optoelect Gwangju 506090 South Korea Honam Univ Dept Informat & Commun Engn Gwangju 506090 South Korea

ISBN: (纸本)9780819472809

We have designed a fisheye lens with a field of view of 190 degrees and F# of 2.8 The diameter of the circular image plane is designed to fit within the width of the image sensor plane, so that a 190 degrees horizontal field of view can be obtained. It is composed of 8 spherical lens elements and the overall length is 35mm from the first lens surface to the image sensor plane. This fisheye lens operates simultaneously in the visible and the near infrared wavelength regions.

关键词： Lens design near infrared visual wide-angle lens

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Development and optical testing of the camera, hand lens, and microscope probe with scannable laser spectroscopy (CHAMP-SLS)

Development and optical testing of the camera, hand lens, an...

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Conference on current developments in Lens design and optical engineering IX

作者： Mungas, Greg S. Guersel, Yekta Sepulveda, Cesar A. Anderson, Mark La Baw, Clayton Johnson, Kenneth R. Deans, Matthew Beegle, Luther Boynton, John CALTECH Jet Prop Lab 4800 Oak Grove Dr Pasadena CA 91109 USA NASA Ames Res Ctr Moffett Field CA 94035 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9780819472809

Conducting high resolution field microscopy with coupled laser spectroscopy that can be used to selectively analyze the surface chemistry of individual pixels in a scene is an enabling capability for next generation robotic and manned spaceflight missions, civil, and military applications. In the laboratory, we use a range of imaging and surface preparation tools that provide us with in-focus images, context imaging for identifying features that we want to investigate at high magnification, and surface-optical coupling that allows us to apply optical spectroscopic analysis techniques for analyzing surface chemistry particularly at high magnifications. The camera, handlens, and microscope probe with scannable laser spectroscopy (CHAMP-SLS) is an imaging/spectroscopy instrument capable of imaging continuously from infinity down to high resolution microscopy (resolution of similar to 1 micron/pixel in a final camera format), the closer CHAMP-SLS is placed to a feature, the higher the resultant magnification. At hand lens to microscopic magnifications, the imaged scene can be selectively interrogated with point spectroscopic techniques such as Raman spectroscopy, microscopic Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (micro-LIBS), laser ablation mass-spectrometry, Fluorescence spectroscopy, and/or Reflectance spectroscopy. This paper summarizes the optical design, development, and testing of the CHAMP-SLS optics.

关键词： Camera hand lens microscope microscopy spectroscopy Raman micro-LIBS Fluorescence laser ablation mass-spectrometry

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Aspherical optics design for minimal spherical aberration in vision correction of human eyes

Aspherical optics design for minimal spherical aberration in...

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Conference on current developments in Lens design and optical engineering IX

作者： Jiang, Min-shan Lin, J. T. Zhou, Chuan-qing Ren, Qiu-shi Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ Inst Laser Med & Biophoton Shanghai Peoples R China Natl Taiwan Univ Inst Electroopt Taipei Taiwan

ISBN: (纸本)9780819472809

Using raytracing method (ZEMAX program), the reduction of SA of the whole human eye may be reduced via the combined effects of asphericity (Q) and the ratio of the front and back surface of an IOL. The overall SA for best image quality may be defined by Q* when the image position off axis is reduced to that of the paraxial. Our calculations show the following general features: (1) For a give Q value, the influence on the SA is proportional to the surface power;(2) for minimal whole eye SA, negative Q is needed in IOL;(3) for a given IOL power, the Q* is smaller when the front surface has a smaller power. All above features derived from numerical raytracing method are consistent with analytic formulas.

关键词： Spherical aberration raytracing huamn eye aspherical lens Q value LASIK surgery

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Lens design and system optimization for foveated imaging

Lens design and system optimization for foveated imaging

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Conference on current developments in Lens design and optical engineering IX

作者： Curatu, George Harvey, James E. LightPath Technol 2603 Challenger Tech Ct Orlando FL 32826 USA Univ Cent Florida Orlando FL 32816 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9780819472809

Foveated imaging addresses the need for compact wide-angle imagers capable of high-resolution and compressed data transmission. The principle behind foveated imaging is to cover a wide field-of-view (FOV) with a relatively simple and compact low-resolution lens, and use a liquid crystal spatial light modulator (SLM) to correct wavefront aberrations at any selected field point. The SLM correction provides a high-resolution fovea that can be actively moved anywhere within the FOV. While most research has focused so far mainly on SLM performance, the general trend being to increase SLM resolution and modulation depth, the actual lens design and system optimization aspects were often neglected. In this paper, we propose a wide-angle lens design intended for foveated imaging applications, and discuss typical tradeoffs. Taking this design as an example, we present a method to estimate the smallest SLM resolution required to correct the wavefront error effectively, showing that with the appropriate design, this resolution can be reduced up to 10 times compared to current designs. Increasing the SLM resolution beyond this point and increasing the modulation depth above one wavelength is not necessary, and will actually reduce the performance of the imaging system. We also demonstrate the importance of fabrication tolerances, and we propose a method to calibrate the SLM in order to cancel out all additional wavefront aberrations introduced by fabrication and assembly errors.

关键词： foveated imaging adaptive optics wide-angle lenses aberration compensation spatial light modulators liquid crystal devices

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High-resolution UV relay lens for particle size distribution measurements using holography

High-resolution UV relay lens for particle size distribution...

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Conference on current developments in Lens design and optical engineering IX

作者： Malone, Robert M. Capelle, Gene A. Cox, Brian C. Frogget, Brent C. Grover, Mike Kaufman, Morris I. Pazuchanics, Peter Sorenson, Danny S. Stevens, Gerald D. Tibbitts, Aric Turley, William D. Natl Secur Technol LLC Los Alamos Operat 182 E Gate Dr Los Alamos NM 87544 USA Natl Secur Technol LLC Special Technol Lab Santa Barbara CA 93111 USA Los Alamos Natl Lab Los Alamos NM 87545 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9780819472809

Shock waves passing through a metal sample can produce ejecta particulates at a metal-vacuum interface. Holography records particle size distributions by using a high-power, short-pulse laser to freeze particle motion. The sizes of the ejecta particles are recorded using an in-line Fraunhofer holography technique. Because the holographic plate would be destroyed in an energetic environment, a high-resolution lens has been designed to relay the scattered and unscattered light to a safe environment where the interference fringes are recorded on film. These interference fringes allow particles to be reconstructed within a 12-mm-diameter, 5-mm-thick volume. To achieve resolution down to 0.5 mu m, both a high-resolution optical relay lens and ultraviolet laser (UV) light were implemented. The design and assembly of a nine-element lens that achieves > 2000 lp/mm resolution and operates at f/0.89 will be described. To set up this lens system, a doublet lens is temporarily attached that enables operation with 532-nm laser light and 1100 lp/mm resolution. Thus, the setup and alignment are performed with green light, but the dynamic recording is done with UV light. During setup, the 532-nm beam provides enough focus shift to accommodate the placement of a resolution target outside the ejecta volume;this resolution target does not interfere with the calibrated wires and pegs surrounding the ejecta volume. A television microscope archives images of resolution patterns that prove that the calibration wires, interference filter, holographic plate, and relay lenses are in their correct positions. Part of this lens is under vacuum, at the point where the laser illumination passes through a focus. Alignment and tolerancing of this high-resolution lens will be presented, and resolution variation through the 5-mm depth of field will be discussed.

关键词： UV optical relay holography submicron optical resolution ejecta particle size distribution

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