This Volume 4767 of the conference proceedings contains 19 papers. Topics discussed include optical system, optical sensors, optical materials, opticaldesign and optical devices.
This Volume 4767 of the conference proceedings contains 19 papers. Topics discussed include optical system, optical sensors, optical materials, opticaldesign and optical devices.
Injection molded optics are frequently applied in many high volume applications. Bar code scanners.. CD / DVD systems, CMOS cameras are a few examples. In all of these applications cost effective and fast design cycle...
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ISBN:
(纸本)0819450464
Injection molded optics are frequently applied in many high volume applications. Bar code scanners.. CD / DVD systems, CMOS cameras are a few examples. In all of these applications cost effective and fast design cycles are essential. At Philips High Tech Plastics we developed a design system that touches on all different aspects of the system design. Starting with traditional lens design (sequential ray tracing) and tolerancing we transport the initial design into mechanical solid modeling. During mechanical modeling, tolerances, injection molding design rules and integration of mechanical features, reference marks, etc. are incorporated as well. Here the full advantage of injection molding can be utilized. After the opto - mechanical modeling the system is ported back to non - sequential ray tracing for ghost - and stray light analysis. Finally extended tolerancing is performed in order to come to a robust high volume product. If necessary all or several steps in this design process are repeated in order to arrive at the final design. As an additional requirement the metrology possibilities for the design are checked at an early stage. This integral system approach to opticaldesign, including optical modeling (sequential and non-sequential) combined with mechanical solid modeling is presented using some recent examples.
We present a new suggestion for treating skew rays. In the new suggestion. we hypothetically divide a spherical lens. at each point of intersection of the incident rays with the spherical lens. into two effective perp...
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ISBN:
(纸本)0819450464
We present a new suggestion for treating skew rays. In the new suggestion. we hypothetically divide a spherical lens. at each point of intersection of the incident rays with the spherical lens. into two effective perpendicular lengthless cylindrical lenses. One of the hypothetical cylindrical lenses is effective in the vertical direction while the other is effective in the horizontal direction. A method is given for calculating the resulted vertical and horizontal angles of refraction. After calculating these angles one can combine. at that point of incidence. the two components into a vector sum to find the resultant refracted ray. The new suggested method is first discussed and demonstrated for one single lens. and then generalized to optical systems of many components. The method's power and effectiveness in lens and optical systems design is demonstrated. A software package is designed and written for the purpose of optical ray tracing. The new method is implemented in this software. The name we gave to this package is "CALOSD". CALOSD is an acronym for Computer Aided Lens and optical Systems design. CALOSD is capable of producing very accurate tabulated data as well as graphical displays of an optical system and rays traced from different points or angles of view: including a top view.
We present three designs and tolerances of wide-field imagers (30x30 arc-minutes or larger) for astronomical surveying. Two infrared cameras (CPAPIR and PANORAMIX II) were designed for the 0.8-2.4 mum band and a third...
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ISBN:
(纸本)0819450464
We present three designs and tolerances of wide-field imagers (30x30 arc-minutes or larger) for astronomical surveying. Two infrared cameras (CPAPIR and PANORAMIX II) were designed for the 0.8-2.4 mum band and a third one (WIRCAM) for the visible and near-infrared band extending from 410 nm to 950 nm. The cameras are installed on the telescopes of the Canada-France-Hawaii (Hawaii, USA) and Mont Megantic Observatories (Quebec, Canada). The three cameras are compact, use only spherical refractive components and have an internal pupil accessible for insertion of filtering components. A Lyot stop must be used in the infrared camera for background rejection. For PANORAMIX II, a set of filters is used at the internal pupil. Correction of the large off-axis aberrations generated by the telescopes, wide spectral coverage, material choices, cryogenic temperature and alignment were the main design challenges. Also, tolerancing was particularly critical for the infrared cameras because they are cryogenically cooled, thus forbidding adjustment of internal components. The cameras theoretical performances are presented in terms of point-spread function, encircled energy and distortion.
The design of critical automotive lamp reflectors, e.g. headlamps and fog lamps, is dominated by trial-and-error methods and rules-of-thumb, supported by optical ray-tracing tools like ASAP etc. In many cases these re...
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ISBN:
(纸本)0819450464
The design of critical automotive lamp reflectors, e.g. headlamps and fog lamps, is dominated by trial-and-error methods and rules-of-thumb, supported by optical ray-tracing tools like ASAP etc. In many cases these reflectors are designed by aiming small sections to construct the required illumination distribution, which is a time-consuming task and in which case it is very difficult to maintain a continuous reflector surface. The design method presented here is a more structured approach in which the total available front surface is divided in a few relatively large sections, each section designated to produce a certain part of the required light distribution. An optimizing algorithm is used to optimize the separate polynomial reflector sections in combination with a specific burner. In the final step, the separate sections are put together to form a more-or-less continuous reflector surface. Some iteration afterwards is still required because the intersection lines of the polynomial surfaces will generally change the original section boundaries. The design of a front fog reflector lamp is used as a carrier to demonstrate the approach. Three reflector sections are used to design a high-efficiency fog lamp. The light distribution has an excellent horizontal cut-off that basically meets the SAE requirements.
This paper provides an overview of the Tropospheric Emission Spectrometer (TES) and its mission, as a part of NASA's Earth Observing System (EOS). The design of the re-imaging system and its detectors and the test...
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This paper provides an overview of the Tropospheric Emission Spectrometer (TES) and its mission, as a part of NASA's Earth Observing System (EOS). The design of the re-imaging system and its detectors and the test set-up used to characterize the field of view response will be presented. Measured system optical response profiles will be presented for each of the four infrared spectral bands (3.5-5.3, 5.1-9.1, 8.3-12.2 and 11.1 - 15.4 μ) supported by TES. Specific emphasis will be placed upon the comparison of these measured optical response functions with the results of an analytic model of the response. The model includes a simple yet accurate representation of the detector response function, which includes the photo-generated electron's diffusion length.
The National Ignition Facility (NIF) requested an optical diagnostic for measuring shock velocities, shock breakout times, and shock emission of objects with sizes of I to 10 mm. For the polar port of the target chamb...
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ISBN:
(纸本)0819450464
The National Ignition Facility (NIF) requested an optical diagnostic for measuring shock velocities, shock breakout times, and shock emission of objects with sizes of I to 10 mm. For the polar port of the target chamber, an 8-inch triplet lens collects light at f/3 inside a 30-foot-diameter vacuum chamber and uses an optical relay to send the image into two interferometers located at a distance of 160 feet. Light propagates through a VISAR (Velocity Interferometry System for Any Reflector) interferometer employing a Mach-Zehnder configuration. After exiting the interferometers the images are recorded, both by streak cameras and CCD gated imagers. Discrete magnification changes are accomplished by swapping out optical elements. Large dove prisms are used to rotate the image to align a selected region of the object with the slits of the streak cameras. Unique mounting structures are required to remotely control the alignment of the optical axis. Finite Element Analysis (FEA) was performed on all mounting structures. The first 8-inch triplet can be no closer than 500 mm from the target chamber center and is protected by a blast window that has to be replaced after every event. The first several lens groups have to be fused silica for radiation resistance. A frequency-doubled Nd:YAG laser, operating at 659.5 nm, is used to illuminate the moving object. The VISAR laser wavelength had to be different than the first, second, and third harmonics of the NIF drive lasers.
This review examines recent developments in low-dimensional semiconductor devices and their impact on modalities for optical Tomography. The current state-of-the-art in semiconductor optoelectronic materials is taken ...
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Since the deployment of the ARPANET in the 60s and the local area networks, Intranets, and the Internet in the 70s and 80s, research investigation and commercial product developments have focused on network infrastruc...
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Since the deployment of the ARPANET in the 60s and the local area networks, Intranets, and the Internet in the 70s and 80s, research investigation and commercial product developments have focused on network infrastructures such as fiber trunks, routers, and switches, as well as OSI layers 2 and 3 protocol equipment. Recently, in response to the increasing complexity of the communication protocols and exploding demand for functionalities in network active components, chip manufacturers and researchers recently shifted their effort to the design and implementation of NPUs (network processing units). This work investigates the characteristics and properties of network applications and protocols. Understanding the requirements of these applications and protocols enables the formulation of the overall objectives and specifications in the design of NPUs. Some of the existing commercial products are surveyed and their functional objectives and design approaches are examined. We conclude with the current status of NPU development. Immediate challenges in design and implementation of NPUs, with respect to the rapid network expansion and increasing traffic demand, are also discussed.
A miniaturized instrument for systematic planetary mineralogy is presented, and the opticaldesign of the component parts is discussed. The instrument combines the following capabilities: wide field color imaging, con...
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ISBN:
(纸本)0819445347
A miniaturized instrument for systematic planetary mineralogy is presented, and the opticaldesign of the component parts is discussed. The instrument combines the following capabilities: wide field color imaging, confocal imaging at two different resolution/range levels, reflectance spectroscopy in the 400-2500 nm region with a resolution of 10 nm, and Raman spectroscopy over 4000 cm(-1) with an average resolution of 3.3 cm(-1). The instrument can also serve as an expandable platform for adding fluorescence spectroscopy, or for examining samples from a distance of several meters while using the same spectrometer.
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