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检索条件"任意字段=Current Developments in Optical Design and Optical Engineering 1991"

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Enhancements to the optimisation process in lens design (I)

Enhancements to the optimisation process in lens design (I)

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Conference on current developments in Lens design and optical engineering II

作者： Schuhmann, R Adams, G The Optical Software Company United Kingdom LINOS Photonics GmbH Germany

ISBN: (纸本)0819441554

Over the years much time has been dedicated to improving lens optimisation routines. Most of the work has been upon the damped least squares (DLS) method. In this paper a number of theoretical and practical enhancements are presented. Some are new, others have already been published but never transposed into commercial software. These enhancements combine to allow the user to make more informed choices at every stage of an optimisation, and have now been incorporated into the widely used WinLens software package.

关键词： optical instrument lenses

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optical designs for the Mars '03 rover cameras

Optical designs for the Mars '03 rover cameras

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Conference on current developments in Lens design and optical engineering II

作者： Smith, GH Hagerott, EC Scherr, LM Herkenhoff, KE Bell, JF GHS Opt Pasadena CA 91101 USA

ISBN: (纸本)0819441554

In 2003, NASA is planning to send two robotic rover vehicles to explore the surface of Mars. The spacecraft will land on airbags in different, carefully chosen locations. The search for evidence indicating conditions favorable for past or present life will be a high priority. Each rover will carry a total of ten cameras of five various types. There will be a stereo pair of color panoramic cameras, a stereo pair of wide-field navigation cameras, one close-up camera on a movable arm, two stereo pairs of fisheye cameras for hazard avoidance, and one Sun sensor camera. This paper discusses the lenses for these cameras. Included are the specifications, design approaches, expected optical performances. prescriptions, and tolerances.

关键词： optical engineering lens design cameras Mars JPL

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Scalable MWIR and LWIR optical system designs employing a large spherical primary mirror and small refractive aberration correctors

Scalable MWIR and LWIR optical system designs employing a la...

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Conference on current developments in Lens design and optical engineering II

作者： Beach, D Ind Res Ltd Auckland New Zealand

ISBN: (纸本)0819441554

design variants of a recently developed optical imaging system have been computed for the thermal infrared spectral bands, which offer some advantages for long-range surveillance and astronomy. Only the spherical primary mirror has the fall pupil diameter, all other components being sub-diameter, so scaling is possible up to relatively large pupils. Low-cost fabrication is enabled by the prevalence of spherical optical surfaces. Both MWIR and LWIR spectral transmissions are enabled by the choice of corrector materials, the examples given employing germanium and sapphire for 3.5-5.5 mum and germanium and zinc selenide for 3.5-5.5[mum and 8-12mum passbands. Diffraction at these wavelengths is the main contributor to resolution constraints, so high numerical aperture values are preferred to enable a better match of blur spot diameter to generally available pixel dimensions. The systems described can routinely be designed to have speeds of f/0.8 or faster, while maintaining diffraction-limited performance over useful angular fields. Because the new design system employs a relayed catadioptric, it is possible to make the aperture stop of the system coincident with the window of the detector cryostat, enabling precise radiometric geometry. The central obscuration provides a convenient location for a calibration source, and both this and a mask for secondary spider supports can be included within the detector cold screen structure. Dual-band operation could be enabled by inclusion of a spectral beam splitter prior to a dual relay/imager system.

关键词： MWIR imaging LWIR imaging diffraction-limited spherical mirror optics high speed wide field

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Advanced optical design for biochip scanning system

Advanced optical design for biochip scanning system

引用

Conference on current developments in Lens design and optical engineering II

作者： Huang, GL Cheng, J Zhou, YX Feng, JH Liu, CX Jin, GF Wu, MX Yan, YB Yang, R Li, L Tsing Hua Univ Dept Biol Sci & Technol Beijing 100084 Peoples R China

ISBN: (纸本)0819441554

Laboratory-on-a-chip has been interested widely in recent years, where the sample preparation, bio-chemical reaction, separation, detection and analysis, are performed in a small biochip which is only a fingernall dimension. In order to obtain a high detection sensitivity I fluors/um(2) (one fluorescence molecule per square micrometer) in biochip scanning system it is required that the scanning objective lens is a big numerical aperture(>0.5), very small focal spot(<5um) and long back focal length(>3mm). In this paper, a combined lens is designed for the scanning objective lens, which is with big numerical aperture NA>0.7, very small focal spot(<2um) and long back focal length(>3mm). The phase aberrations of combined lens, including the aspherical aberration and the chromatic aberration corresponding to wavelength 532nm, 570nm 635nm, 670nm, are corrected very well. The encircled energy diagram of the lens is good to the diffraction limit. The focal spot diagram the optical path difference diagram, the transverse ray fan plot and the modulation transfer function, are studied also. A novel confocal scanning system of biochip with the designed combined lens as the objective lens is developed, some experiment results in a multi-channel biochip are obtained.

关键词： lens confocal fluorescence gene DNA biochip

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Optics for binocular telescopes.

Optics for binocular telescopes.

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Conference on current developments in Lens design and optical engineering II

作者： Rayces, JL Rosete-Aguilar, M J L Rayces Consuting Ltd Laguna Niguel CA 92677 USA

ISBN: (纸本)0819441554

Low power telescopes such as those used in pairs in binoculars do not have a reticle at the intermediate, real, image plane. Therefore there is no need to correct aberrations of the intermediate images as it is in pointing devices. Generally, in order to keep the telescope simple and short the Petzval sum is not corrected. In most cases the solution is to introduce astigmatism in the eyepiece. If it is permissible to use the accommodation of the eye as a degree of freedom then it is possible to remove the astigmatism over the entire field of view and yet to obtain ever better imagery. The final virtual anastigmatic images presented to the eye by the telescope are formed on a curved surface convex towards the observer's eye. The eye will be focused at a close distance for axial images and relaxed for the extreme off-axis images. Then the telescope is to be designed for different conjugate positions at different field angles. Furthermore the telescope is to be designed for different exit pupil locations at different field angles in order to minimize vignetting when the exit pupil is not sufficiently large, designing for different conjugate and pupil position at different field angles is almost always possible with most optical design codes using multiple configuration mode.

关键词： optical design telescopes binoculars eyepieces

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High speed and high definition technology by multi-beam scanning in laser printing

High speed and high definition technology by multi-beam scan...

引用

Conference on current developments in Lens design and optical engineering II

作者： Hayashi, Y Amada, T Ricoh Co Ltd Ricoh Imaging Technol Div Tokyo Japan

ISBN: (纸本)0819441554

Multi-beam scanning is the effective method for high speed and high definition in Laser Printing, and there are three systems for this method as fellows. 1) Laser Diode (LD) Array system 2) System for dividing a single light source 3) System for combining beams of multiple LDs by optical devices Each of these systems has both advantage and disadvantage, and which one to use among these three depends on application requirements. The third system above allows for the use of conventional LDs and therefore it is low cost and offers a large degree of freedom in selecting light sources. We have already developed a Two LD Prism-based Light Source Unit that uses a C, prism to combine the beams emitted by two LDs. This system achieves stable optical characteristics with any conventional scanning optical elements. We have further enhanced this system. We have determined an optimum design that includes scanning lens and have developed the Two LD Beam-crossing Light Source Unit which performs multi-beam scanning using two LDs without a prism. In this paper, we report on recent multi-beam-scanning technologies and introduce our newly developed the Two LD Beam-crossing Light Source Unit.

关键词： Light sources optical scanning systems Mirrors Prisms Monochromatic aberrations Nonimpact printing optical components optical fibers Temperature metrology Semiconductor lasers

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Increasing the phased field of view of large distributed aperture telescope arrays

Increasing the phased field of view of large distributed ape...

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Conference on current developments in Lens design and optical engineering II

作者： Sigler, RD Palmer, AL Lockheed Martin Space and Strategic Missiles (United States)

ISBN: (纸本)0819441554

There are some unique optical design considerations in the design of a distributed aperture telescope array consisting of a number of individual afocal collector telescopes and a single combining telescope. As might be expected, diffraction limited imagery over the field of view requires the correction of spherical aberration, coma, astigmatism and field curvature. However, there is an additional requirement on the design of the collectors. Coherent addition of the light from the collectors requires that the ratio of the sine of the input and output chief ray angles be essentially constant over the field of view. This output angle restriction is equivalent to requiring the collector telescopes to have a specific variation in angular magnification with field. Variation of magnification with field is, by definition, image distortion. With simple two and three mirror afocal collector telescope designs, there are insufficient design degrees of freedom to control distortion in addition to the other aberrations. In this paper, we present a modification to a three-mirror collector design that permits the image distortion to be adjusted in a controlled manner without influencing the other third order, Seidel aberrations. This modification permits a large distributed aperture telescope array to be designed that has both a simple optical form and a much larger phased (i.e. corrected) Field of view. As a design example, we investigate the effect of the distortion correcting element on the size of the achievable field of view for a 45 meter diameter distributed aperture telescope array populated with 8 meter diameter collectors.

关键词： lens design distributed aperture telescope aberration theory distortion

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design, tolerancing and alignment of pushbroom imaging spectrometers for high response uniformity

Design, tolerancing and alignment of pushbroom imaging spect...

引用

Conference on current developments in Lens design and optical engineering II

作者： Mouroulis, P Shea, JJ Thomas, DA CALTECH Jet Propuls Lab Pasadena CA 91109 USA

ISBN: (纸本)0819441554

We present a design and tolerancing approach that permits the achievement of a high degree of spatial and spectral uniformity of response from a pushbroom imaging spectrometer. Such uniformity of response is crucial for the extraction of accurate spectroscopic information from remotely sensed data. The spectrometer system example comprises two independent spectrometer modules covering the 400-2500 nm range, separated through a dichroic mirror. The relative merits of alternative approaches are briefly reviewed before concentrating on the problem of building a flight-worthy system that can approximate its design performance. The tolerancing approach requires simultaneous monitoring of many parameters, and specifically: overall image quality, spectral distortion, spectral MTF variation with field, spatial distortion, spatial MTF variation with wavelength, and slit magnification to within a small fraction of a pixel. It is shown that the wavefront error alone or even supplemented by distortion figures is insufficient for characterizing a system with high response uniformity. Tolerance values on the components and their positioning are primarily guided by the need to achieve the same magnification between the two spectrometer modules, as well as by the interferometric alignment method.

关键词： Tolerancing Spectrometers Short wave infrared radiation Beam splitters Mirrors Modulation transfer functions Distortion Image quality Point spread functions Wavefronts

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Scintillation bit error rate reduction for free space optical communications systems

Scintillation bit error rate reduction for free space optica...

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Conference on current developments in Lens design and optical engineering II

作者： Mayhew, LM Willebrand, H Kube, E LightPointe Commun Inc Boulder CO 80301 USA

ISBN: (纸本)0819441554

Although relatively unaffected by rain and snow, free space infrared laser optical communication systems are affected by fog and atmospheric turbulence. We have calculated the signal loss from scintillation to predict bit error rates by varying the amount of scintillation, the link distance, and system details. Increasing the number of transmitters and the effective area was predicted to improve scintillation in earlier work in this field.(1) We found that increasing both the number of transmitters and the effective receiver area greatly improved the signal loss caused by scintillation and thus, the bit error rate. For example, under high scintillation (Cn(2) = 10(-13) M,213), the four transmitter/receiver system at a link distance of 1 kin should experience a bit error rate of better than 10(-10) for a 4.0 dB loss. Under the same conditions, an identical system with only one transmitter and receiver should experience a bit error rate of 10(-1.5) (0.032 bits per second) for the same 4.0 dB loss. Increasing just the number of transmitters or the number of receivers improved the signal, but increasing both improved the signal even more than expected. In general, single beam systems should be limited to link distances less than about 600 m.

关键词： scintillation laser communications infrared bit error rate link budget

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Chemical Imaging System: current status and challenges

Chemical Imaging System: Current status and challenges

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Conference on Algorithms for Multispectral, Hyperspectral, and Ultraspectral Imagery VII

作者： Ifarraguerri, A Jensen, JO USA SBCCOM Edgewood Chem Biol Ctr AMSSB RRT DP Aberdeen Proving Ground MD 21010 USA

ISBN: (纸本)0819440760

The Chemical Imaging System (CIS) is a small, high-speed long-wave infrared (8 - 12 mum) imaging spectrometer which is currently under development by the United States Army. The fielded system will operate at 360 scans per second with a large format focal-plane-array. The CIS, which is currently at the exploratory development stage, is scheduled for transition to engineering development in 2005. currently, the CIS uses the TurboFT FTS in conjunction with a 16-pixel direct-wired HgCdTe detector array. The TurboFT spectrometer provides high-speed operation in a small, lightweight package. In parallel to the hardware developments an algorithm and software development effort is underway to address some unique features of the CIS. The TurboFT-based system requires a non-uniform sampling Fourier transform algorithm in order to preserve signal fidelity. Also, the availability of multiple pixels can be exploited in order to improve the interference suppression capabilities of the system by allowing the detection and identification algorithm to adapt its parameters to the changing background. Due to the enormous amount of data generated, the signal processing must proceed at very high rate. High-speed computers operating with a parallel architecture are required to process the data in real time. This paper describes the current CIS "bread box" system. It includes some field measurement results followed by a discussion of the issues and challenges associated with meeting the design goals set for the program.

关键词： Chemical Imaging System imaging spectrometer TurboFT vapor detection

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