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检索条件"任意字段=Current Developments in Optical Design and Optical Engineering 1991"

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High power 0.98 μm broad waveguide lasers using novel material system of InGaAs/InGaAsP/AlGaAs

High power 0.98 μm broad waveguide lasers using novel mater...

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8th Conference on current developments in optical design and optical engineering

作者： Yang, GW Hwu, RJ Chern, JH Xu, ZT Xu, JY Univ Utah Dept Elect Engn Salt Lake City UT 84112 USA

ISBN: (纸本)0819432652

We describe the theoretical design and experimental fabrication of high power 0.98 mu m strained quantum well lasers employing broad waveguide structure and novel hybrid material system of Al-free InGaAs/InGaAsP active region and AlGaAs cladding layers. The use of AlGaAs cladding, instead of InGaP, provides advantages in flexibility of laser structure design, simple epitaxial growth, improvement of surface morphology and laser performance. In addition to the theoretical study of the new structure, we successfully demonstrate the design by obtaining high performance laser devices. The as-grown InGaAs/InGaAsP/AlGaAs laser material exhibits very high quality with low threshold current density of 200 A/cm(2) (at a cavity length of 800 mu m), high internal quantum efficiency of similar to 93%, and low internal loss of 1.2 cm(-1). For 100 Gun-wide stripe lasers with cavity length of 800 mu m, a high slope efficiency of 1.03 W/A, low vertical beam divergence of 36 degrees, high output power of 3.65 W, and very high characteristic temperature coefficient (T-0) of 250 K are achieved.

关键词： semiconductor lasers optical structure design semiconductor epitaxial layers quantum well lasers semiconductor materials thin films

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Generalized Wolter Type I design for wide-field X-ray imaging applications

Generalized Wolter Type I design for wide-field X-ray imagin...

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Proceedings of the 1999 current developments in optical design and optical engineering VIII

作者： Harvey, James E. Thompson, P.L. Univ of Central Florida Orlando FL United States

Surface scatter effects are a dominant image degradation mechanism for very short X-ray wavelengths, even for state-of-the-art optical surfaces. And the severe off-axis aberrations of the classical Wolter Type 1 grazing incidence X-ray telescope consisting of a confocal paraboloid and hyperboloid severely limit the useful angular field that can be imaged onto a flat detector. A new family of alternative designs based on two hyperboloids has been developed that improves the wide-field imaging performance by aberration balancing and a complete optical systems engineering analysis. A particular member of this family, designated as H-T#17, has been selected for use in the Solar X-ray Imager (SXI) instrument to be integrated into the NOAA GOES satellite. The development of the SXI optical prescription and its defining parameters are first presented, then detailed image quality predictions, as degraded by diffraction effects, geometrical aberrations, surface scatter effects, and all other residual errors in the mirror manufacturers error budget tree are presented. This new optimized design yields an 80% increase in the number of spatial resolution elements over the full solar disc when compared to the classical Wolter Type I design that was the SXI baseline design.

关键词： optical telescopes

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design of a day/night star camera system

Design of a day/night star camera system

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8th Conference on current developments in optical design and optical engineering

作者： Alexander, CD Swift, W Ghosh, K Ramsey, B NASA George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr Dept Space Sci Huntsville AL 35812 USA

ISBN: (纸本)0819432652

This paper describes the design of a camera system capable of acquiring stars during both the day and night cycles of a high altitude balloon flight (35-42 km). The camera system will be filtered to operate in the R and I bands (similar to 600-1000nm), and simulations have been run using MODTRAN atmospheric code to determine the worse case sky brightness at 35km. With a worse case daytime sky brightness of 2x10(-5) W/cm(2)/sr/mu m at 600nm, the sensitivity of the camera system will allow acquisition of at least 1-2 stars/degrees(2) at star magnitude limits of 7.8-8.1. The system will have an F2.8, 64.3mm diameter lens and a 1340 x 1037 CCD digitized to 12 bits. The CCD is comprised of 6.8 mu m x 6.8 mu m pixels with a well depth of 45,000 electrons and quantum efficiency of 0.54 at 700nm. The camera's field-of-view will be 6.33 degrees(2) and provide attitude knowledge to 8 arcsec or better. A test flight of the system is scheduled for fall 1999.

关键词： star camera aspect system stratospheric balloon flights daytime star camera R band

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Spatio-temporal structures of laser-induced anisotropy and applications

Spatio-temporal structures of laser-induced anisotropy and a...

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8th Conference on current developments in optical design and optical engineering

作者： Chen, X Berger, H Chaux, R Univ Bourgogne Phys Lab F-21078 Dijon France

ISBN: (纸本)0819432652

We report new observations of optical spatio-temporal structures formed in a naturally isotropic solid-state material. The phenomenon is due to laser-induced anisotropy. In fact, a part of the optical power is absorbed by the material which leads to the sample heating, the refractive index of the medium becomes laser power dependent under strong beam intensity excitation. This refractive index variation modifies in turn the optical polarization of the beam. As a consequence a polarization pattern is induced. If the material is placed near the laser beam focus, usually the induced depolarization is strong due to the high beam intensity. We observed however, that the induced depolarization is reduced sharply near the focus. This phenomenon was not observed up to now. We have developed a model which shows that both the index variations in transverse and longitudinal directions contribute to the phase shift, and are responsible for the depolarization As a result, the competition between these two contributions plays a key role in the polarization changes near focus. Our observation is accounted for by a transient nonlinear refractive index model. Good agreement with the theoretical description of the pattern formation is obtained. We found that in some appropriated experimental configurations, these spatio-temporal structures present advantages in the applications, e.g. in conceiving a two dimensional vectorial optical sensor.

关键词： optical pattern application spatio-temporal structure anisotropy

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QuickBird telescope: The reality of large, high-quality, commercial space optics

QuickBird telescope: The reality of large, high-quality, com...

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Proceedings of the 1999 current developments in optical design and optical engineering VIII

作者： Figoski, John W. Ball Aerospace & Technologies Corp Boulder CO United States

The QuickBird telescope represents a significant accomplishment as the first large-aperture, high-resolution, totally unobscured optical system developed as a fixed-price commercial product. The telescope was aligned and tested in a dedicated facility at Ball Aerospace & Technologies Corp. specifically developed to reduce the total process time of building and testing complex optical systems. This presentation summarizes design features, mirror-manufacturing results, telescope alignment, and test results. The telescope has a 60 cm aperture, three off-axis conic mirrors and a fold. It delivers near-diffraction-limited performance over a 33.7 cm long image surface. The design is a re-imaging, three-mirror anastigmat. The mirrors are mounted to a graphite-epoxy laminate optical bench via low-distortion, kinematic mounts. The four mirrors were aligned and produce a measured wavefront error of 0.04 waves rms at λ = 0.6328 μm. The effective focal length was measured to better than 0.01% across the field of view and MTF was measured using wavefront, point-source, and sine-pattern techniques.

关键词： optical telescopes

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optical design of ARIES: the new near infrared science instrument for the adaptive f/15 Multiple Mirror Telescope

Optical design of ARIES: the new near infrared science instr...

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8th Conference on current developments in optical design and optical engineering

作者： Sarlot, RJ McCarthy, DW Burge, JH Ge, J Univ Arizona Steward Observ Tucson AZ 85721 USA

ISBN: (纸本)0819432652

Steward Observatory is building a deformable f/15 secondary mirror that will compensate for atmospheric turbulence for the 6.5 m Multiple Mirror Telescope conversion. With the proposed adaptive optics system, this new telescope is expected to resolve diffraction limited images (greater than 80% Strehl ratio at 2.2 mu m), approximately an order of magnitude better than present seeing. This improved visibility with a larger fight collecting area and low thermal background requires a new science instrument, diffraction limited for the 1 to 5 mu m region. This science instrument, presently in its early manufacturing stages, consists of four cameras (optimized for plate scales from 0.019 arcsec/pixel to 0.102 arcsec/pixel), low resolution spectroscopy with grisms (lambda/Delta lambda from 250 to 500), high resolution spectroscopy with a cross-dispersed Echelle grating (lambda/Delta lambda from 3,000 to 60,000) and an atmospheric dispersion corrector. The cameras will provide simultaneous slit viewing, differential imaging and two pixel sampling over the full wavelength band. Each camera will operate with a 1024x1024 HgCdTe array optimized for the spectral region of the camera. An infrared tip/tilt sensor is also incorporated into the instrument that will relay natural guide star motion to the adaptive secondary in a closed-loop approach. This paper is an optical design instrument overview.

关键词： adaptive optics infrared camera spectrograph atmospheric dispersion corrector MMT

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optical microscope for nuclear emulsion readout -: system design and results in application

Optical microscope for nuclear emulsion readout -: system de...

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8th Conference on current developments in optical design and optical engineering

作者： Winkler, K Körner, L Gussek, P Balogh, I Breitfelder, S Schlichting, J Dupraz, JP Fabre, JP Panman, J Papadopoulos, IM Zucchelli, P Van de Vyver, B Syst GmbH Opt JENOPTIK Laser Jena Germany

ISBN: (纸本)0819432652

Experiments such as CHORUS at CERN require the inspection of a large amount of nuclear emulsion plates exposed to particle beams. Rare events need to be found, measured and analysed. Their features are stored as grains in microscopic dimensions in a three-dimensional stack of plates. A new, fully automatic immersion microscope system was developed for this purpose. It features high resolution, small depth of focus, large working distance, large field of view and synchronization of illumination and detector. An additional requirement is given by variations in the refraction index and in the relative thickness of immersion oil and emulsion. The approach used here is an imaging system based on a vario objective lens (variable oil immersion) with extreme numerical aperture, large working distance and wide field, combined with a matched high-aperture Koehler illuminator. The light source is a mercury are lamp, combined with a filter package for the g-line. It includes liquid crystal elements for synchronized shuttering and variable attenuation. The theoretical resolution is less than 1 micron in x, y, z within a volume of 0.5mm diameter (x, y) times 1 mm scanning depth (z) in all situations within a predefined index range (1.49 to 1.54). Three identical pieces of the system have been built. The experimentally measured resolution confirms the expectations and is better than 1 micron in all three dimensions. This is the result of a complex process of system design and manufacturing, unifying optical, opto-mechanical and optoelectronical contributions. This process spans from the early stages of feasibility and manufacturing up to the test and adjustment procedures. The three prototypes are operational since the fall of 1998 in the frame of the CHORUS project. Practical experience and application results are presented.

关键词： optical microscopy oil immersion nuclear emulsion readout variable immersion systems design

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Image quality criteria for wide-field X-ray imaging applications

Image quality criteria for wide-field X-ray imaging applicat...

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Proceedings of the 1999 current developments in optical design and optical engineering VIII

作者： Thompson, Patrick L. Harvey, James E. Univ of Central Florida Orlando FL United States

For staring, wide-field applications, such as a solar X-ray imager, the severe off-axis aberrations of the classical Wolter Type-I grazing incidence X-ray telescope design drastically limits the `resolution' near the solar limb. A specification upon on-axis fractional encircled energy is thus not an appropriate image quality criterion for such wide-angle applications. A more meaningful image quality criterion would be a field-weighted-average measure of `resolution'. Since surface scattering effects from residual optical fabrication errors are always substantial at these very short wavelengths, the field-weighted-average half-power radius is a far more appropriate measure of aerial resolution. If an ideal mosaic detector array is being used in the focal plane, the finite pixel size provides a practical limit to this system performance. Thus, the total number of aerial resolution elements enclosed by the operational field-of-view, expressed as a percentage of the number of ideal detector pixels, is a further improved image quality criterion. In this paper we describe the development of an image quality criterion for wide-field applications of grazing incidence X-ray telescopes which leads to a new class of grazing incidence designs described in a following companion paper.

关键词： optical systems

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Capabilities of an arch element for correcting conformal optical domes

Capabilities of an arch element for correcting conformal opt...

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Proceedings of the 1999 current developments in optical design and optical engineering VIII

作者： Sparrold, Scott W. Knapp, David J. Manhart, Paul K. Elsberry, Kevin W. Raytheon Missile Systems Tucson United States

This paper presents an approach for correcting conformal missile domes with a non-rotationally symmetric optical element called an arch. A parametric study in terms of aerodynamics, fineness ratio, maximum seeker look angle and dome index of refraction will demonstrate its capabilities for correcting conformal domes. A nomograph for trading optical performance versus relative missile range will also be presented.

关键词： optical systems

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Effects of retro-reflector diameter on testing optical systems

Effects of retro-reflector diameter on testing optical syste...

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Proceedings of the 1999 current developments in optical design and optical engineering VIII

作者： Carter II, Thomas E. Manhart, Paul K. Ellis, Kenneth S. Raytheon Missile Systems Co Tucson United States

In the use of ball bearings as retro-reflectors for testing optical systems in a double pass configuration, care must be taken when choosing the radius of the ball bearing. Using too small a radius can adversely effect the wavefront error as presented by the interferometer. The wavefront error, being a function of wavelength, can be significantly altered due to this ball bearing error, particularly in long wavelength infrared systems tested with a visible light interferometer. This paper is the result of research towards understanding and modeling this error in the presence of spherical aberration.

关键词： optical testing

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