The theory of nondiffracting beam propagation and experimental evidence for nearly-nondiffractive Bessel beam propagation are reviewed. The experimental results are reinterpreted using simple optics formulas, which sh...
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ISBN:
(纸本)0819406554
The theory of nondiffracting beam propagation and experimental evidence for nearly-nondiffractive Bessel beam propagation are reviewed. The experimental results are reinterpreted using simple optics formulas, which show that the observed propagation distances are characteristic of the optical systems used to generate the beams and do not depend upon the initial beam profiles. A set of simple experiments are described which support this interpretation. It is concluded that nondiffracting Bessel beam propagation has not yet been experimentally demonstrated.
We have developed zoom lens design expert system intended to operate with little user intervention. The paper puts the emphasis on the knowledge representation, system architecture, reasoning and control strategy of t...
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Software is under development at Teledyne Brown engineering to represent a lens configuration as a y-ybar or Delano diagram. The program determines third-order Seidel and chromatic aberrations for each configuration. ...
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ISBN:
(纸本)0819406554
Software is under development at Teledyne Brown engineering to represent a lens configuration as a y-ybar or Delano diagram. The program determines third-order Seidel and chromatic aberrations for each configuration. It performs a global search through all valid permutations of configuration space and determines, to within a step increment of the space, the configuration with smallest third-order aberrations. The program was developed to generate first-order optical layouts which promised to reach global minima during subsequent conventional optimization. Other operations allowed by the program are: add or delete surfaces, couple surfaces (for Mangin mirrors), shift the stop position, and display first-order properties and the optical layout (surface radii and thicknesses) for subsequent entry into a conventional lens-design program with automatic optimization. Algorithms for performing some of the key functions, not covered by previous authors, are discussed in this paper.
The relationship between aberration and the aberration coefficient is the basic formulation in the field of aberration theory. The Seidel's formulations can only be used in the case of low performance (small apert...
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ISBN:
(纸本)0819406554
The relationship between aberration and the aberration coefficient is the basic formulation in the field of aberration theory. The Seidel's formulations can only be used in the case of low performance (small aperture and small field), so that a set of correct relations between spherical aberration (SA) and spherical aberration coefficient (SAC) must be derived for the application of large aperture and small viewing field.
A new approach to the fringe formation in the interference of light incident on a plane parallel plate is introduced. It is shown that for a particular angle of incidence, which depends only on the refractive index, t...
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ISBN:
(纸本)0819406554
A new approach to the fringe formation in the interference of light incident on a plane parallel plate is introduced. It is shown that for a particular angle of incidence, which depends only on the refractive index, the interfringes are minimum. It is proved that in an angular interval of few arc degrees around this particular incident angle the interfringes are equal to a high accuracy. It is shown that this feature can be exploited to produce an interference grating with an arbitrary transparent-to-opaque groove ratio, and to measure the wavelength of light and the fine structures of a spectrum with a precision considerably higher than can be obtained in the other similar interferometric methods.
A method of investigation of the optical properties of anisotropic materials using modulation of tho light polarization is presented. Measuring set-up was constructed and used to examine tho optical properties of inte...
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The authors developed a new advanced laser scanning range finder. The width gauge consists of a pair of these range finders. Conventional gauges cannot measure the effective width of complexly shaped plate edges. Howe...
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ISBN:
(纸本)0819406554
The authors developed a new advanced laser scanning range finder. The width gauge consists of a pair of these range finders. Conventional gauges cannot measure the effective width of complexly shaped plate edges. However, the gauge measures both side profiles of a plate and calculates the effective width with an accuracy of +/- 1.5 mm. This new type of width gauge has been developed and tested at the plate rolling mill at Kashima Steel Works of Sumitomo Metal Industries Ltd.
Recently, a group of glasses has been investigated that have high refractive index and low dispersion. These glasses are known as reluctant glass formers and lie in the "forbidden" region of the conventional...
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ISBN:
(纸本)0819406554
Recently, a group of glasses has been investigated that have high refractive index and low dispersion. These glasses are known as reluctant glass formers and lie in the "forbidden" region of the conventional glass map. Research is continuing to develop means and techniques to produce usable sizes and optical characteristics. Since these glasses have unusual optical properties, a study was performed to gain an understanding of the impact such glasses could have on opticaldesign and to establish desired baseline optical properties as objectives for the material scientists. Several generic optical configurations were explored to determine if a meaningful improvement could be realized. Study results are presented and discussed to illustrate that a notable enhancement in optical performance is attainable.
All-reflective, unobscured opticaldesigns were developed to help identify a candidate first- generation system to be used in soft x-ray projection lithography. The resolution goal for all designs was 0.1 micrometers ...
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ISBN:
(纸本)0819406554
All-reflective, unobscured opticaldesigns were developed to help identify a candidate first- generation system to be used in soft x-ray projection lithography. The resolution goal for all designs was 0.1 micrometers , or better, at a design wavelength of 13 nm. Different design aspects including usable field size, image distortion, number of mirrors, telecentricity, surface shape (spherical versus aspheric), and system packaging were explored. Trade-off studied between systems requiring scanning and full-format nonscanning systems were made. The tolerance sensitivity analysis for a representative design demonstrated that as-built performance will be driven by the mirror surface irregularity tolerance; the required tolerance levels are briefly discussed.
The transformation of laser beams passing through optical systems is analyzed using a TEM modal decomposition. The laser beam is decomposed and the optical system is described by a matrix that relates the modal compos...
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ISBN:
(纸本)0819406554
The transformation of laser beams passing through optical systems is analyzed using a TEM modal decomposition. The laser beam is decomposed and the optical system is described by a matrix that relates the modal composition of the input and output beams. The hard aperture and the parabolic and Gaussian soft apertures are given a typical examples. The matrices that characterize these apertures allow analysis of the losses of laser resonators, including finite and/or variable reflectivity mirrors. The modal decomposition is used for defining modified ABCD matrices that include any kind of apertures.
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