After a generation of writing and improving lens design software, it is time to assess where we are. Specifically, can a modern program compete with, or surpass, the best human designers? Here we describe a friendly c...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9780819496911
After a generation of writing and improving lens design software, it is time to assess where we are. Specifically, can a modern program compete with, or surpass, the best human designers? Here we describe a friendly contest between two leaders in the field.
The optical system of an optical rotary encoder is presented. The requirements of the optics system are given and their effects on opticaldesign decisions are discussed, Steps taken to insure stable operation over a ...
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ISBN:
(纸本)0819422517
The optical system of an optical rotary encoder is presented. The requirements of the optics system are given and their effects on opticaldesign decisions are discussed, Steps taken to insure stable operation over a -40 degrees C to +85 degrees C temperature range are presented. designing for manufacturing toleraces is discussed. A novel application of a fiber illuminator LED as a short-distance collimated source is shown to be an acceptable low-cost alternative to a laser diode. The importance of effective plastic element employment in low-cost, mass-production optical systems is demonstrated.
A testing program was conducted to determine the long term temporal stability properties of sheet Invar. The tests were conducted at the University of Arizona's optical Sciences Center over a period of 9 months. G...
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ISBN:
(纸本)0819409251
A testing program was conducted to determine the long term temporal stability properties of sheet Invar. The tests were conducted at the University of Arizona's optical Sciences Center over a period of 9 months. Growth measurements were made using an interferometric optical technique at both ambient and elevated temperatures. Eleven specimen types, in groups of three, were included in the test. These data were combined with published historical data to establish an estimate to the long term behavior. It was found that Invar exhibits short term behavior with a rapid initial growth rate, 8 - 12 ppm/yr and time constant on the order of 100 days plus long term exponential growth at lower growth rates, 2 - 5 ppm/yr initial (end of year 1) with a three to eight year time constant. The parameters which most significantly effect Invar growth rate were found to be: time since final heat treatment; carbon content; heat treatment; and, ambient temperature.
design variants of a recently developed optical imaging system have been computed for the thermal infrared spectral bands, which offer some advantages for long-range surveillance and astronomy. Only the spherical prim...
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ISBN:
(纸本)0819441554
design variants of a recently developed optical imaging system have been computed for the thermal infrared spectral bands, which offer some advantages for long-range surveillance and astronomy. Only the spherical primary mirror has the fall pupil diameter, all other components being sub-diameter, so scaling is possible up to relatively large pupils. Low-cost fabrication is enabled by the prevalence of spherical optical surfaces. Both MWIR and LWIR spectral transmissions are enabled by the choice of corrector materials, the examples given employing germanium and sapphire for 3.5-5.5 mum and germanium and zinc selenide for 3.5-5.5[mum and 8-12mum passbands. Diffraction at these wavelengths is the main contributor to resolution constraints, so high numerical aperture values are preferred to enable a better match of blur spot diameter to generally available pixel dimensions. The systems described can routinely be designed to have speeds of f/0.8 or faster, while maintaining diffraction-limited performance over useful angular fields. Because the new design system employs a relayed catadioptric, it is possible to make the aperture stop of the system coincident with the window of the detector cryostat, enabling precise radiometric geometry. The central obscuration provides a convenient location for a calibration source, and both this and a mask for secondary spider supports can be included within the detector cold screen structure. Dual-band operation could be enabled by inclusion of a spectral beam splitter prior to a dual relay/imager system.
With many optical systems the method that is used to align the optical system needs to be an integral portion of the system design and not an afterthought. Once all the pieces are in fabrication it may be too late to ...
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ISBN:
(纸本)0819406554
With many optical systems the method that is used to align the optical system needs to be an integral portion of the system design and not an afterthought. Once all the pieces are in fabrication it may be too late to implement a cost-effective alignment procedure for both prototype and production designs. This is especially true with catadioptric systems where the mirror alignment tends to be very critical as far as system performance is concerned. This paper describes the design and use of an aspheric null mirror for the alignment of a two mirror subsystem to a lens cell. The optical system to be aligned was a six-in. EFL, F/2 system working in the 3-5 micrometers bandpass. It consisted of two aspheric mirrors, one aspheric lens, and two spherical lenses.
The design of a wide field-of-view head-mounted display (HMD) is very challenging. Unfortunately, traditional design methods produce low-resolution imagery that is unacceptable for some tasks. One method of addressing...
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ISBN:
(纸本)0819432652
The design of a wide field-of-view head-mounted display (HMD) is very challenging. Unfortunately, traditional design methods produce low-resolution imagery that is unacceptable for some tasks. One method of addressing this challenge is to optically tile several smaller field-of-view displays to form a single, wide field-of-view, high-resolution image. This paper will address design issues specific to optically tiled systems including optical performance, seam placement and binocular rivalry.
The CVROS scanner, a new approach to high speed serial optical scanning employing a scan disc, has been successfully developed for thermal imaging. Its high speed, high scan efficiency, wide field, and mirror optics s...
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ISBN:
(纸本)0819415871
The CVROS scanner, a new approach to high speed serial optical scanning employing a scan disc, has been successfully developed for thermal imaging. Its high speed, high scan efficiency, wide field, and mirror optics suggest applicability to broad band visible scanners and projectors as well as laser and UV printers. This paper reviews the CVROS concept and presents the configuration adaptations required for finite conjugate applications. design and performance characteristics are given for several configurations as well as key alignment and manufacturing requirements.
Some results obtained in the realization of compact relay systems design are presented. Four optical configurations have been analyzed. Two symmetrical schemes were examined having field Smith's lenses for a image...
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ISBN:
(纸本)0819432652
Some results obtained in the realization of compact relay systems design are presented. Four optical configurations have been analyzed. Two symmetrical schemes were examined having field Smith's lenses for a image scaling of-ix. The achieved numerical aperture is up to 0.35 and the MTFs curves are at 40 cycles1/mm for a contrast ratio of 0.2. The third design has a large field of 40 mm but its F-number is about F/4.5. The last relay system is unsymmetrical. The scaling is 2x and the image field exceeds 50 mm. The aberration balancing results and the optical systems performance are illustrated.
Freeform optical shapes or optical surfaces that arc designed with non-symmetric features arc gaining popularity with lens designers and optical system integrators. Tolerances on a freeform opticaldesign influence th...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781628417449
Freeform optical shapes or optical surfaces that arc designed with non-symmetric features arc gaining popularity with lens designers and optical system integrators. Tolerances on a freeform opticaldesign influence the optical fabrication process. Case studies and soft tolerance limits for easier fabrication will be discussed. This paper will also give a high level overview of a freeform optical fabrication process that includes generation. high speed VIBE polishing, sub-aperture figure correction and testing of freeform surfaces.
A 1:1 Offner mirror system is modified to work as a grating spectrometer for the infrared by placing a grating on the secondary convex mirror of the system. Slight adjustment of the configuration combined with tilt of...
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