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化学学报 2024年第10期82卷 1069-1085页

作者：蒋励陈子晗凡勇复旦大学化学系聚合物工程国家重点实验室上海200433

近红外二区(NIR-ii,1000~1700nm)荧光成像技术,因生物组织对其低的吸收和散射,以及接近零的自体荧光背景噪声,使得其在生物体内具备深的穿透能力以及高的分辨率和信噪比,目前已经成为活体内研究的一种新型的技术手段,尤其适用于活体组... 详细信息

近红外二区(NIR-ii,1000~1700nm)荧光成像技术,因生物组织对其低的吸收和散射,以及接近零的自体荧光背景噪声,使得其在生物体内具备深的穿透能力以及高的分辨率和信噪比,目前已经成为活体内研究的一种新型的技术手段,尤其适用于活体组织内的多重成像.本综述首先回顾了NIR-ii荧光探针的设计与合成,涵盖稀土基纳米颗粒、量子点及有机荧光分子等,并探讨了多重成像技术对方法和设备的需求与成像技术进展,最后分析了它们在血管/肿瘤/淋巴、多器官以及细胞层面的多重成像应用.同时,也展望了该新型成像模式在未来发展中的方向以及最终走向临床应用所面临的挑战.

关键词：近红外二区荧光探针多重成像活体分析

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Editorial: Micro-nano optics and photocatalysis: materials, devices, and applications- volume ii

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Frontiers in Materials 2024年 11卷

作者： Wang, Shifa Yang, Hua Xian, Tao Wu, Steven Yi, Zao School of Electronic and Information Engineering Chongqing Three Gorges University Chongqing China School of Science Lanzhou University of Technology Lanzhou China College of Physics and Electronic Information Engineering Qinghai Normal University Xining China Department of Chemistry University of South Dakota VermillionSD United States School of Mathematics and Physics Southwest University of Science and Technology Mianyang China

electronic devices and magnetic sensors. In particular, the application of these technologies in the aerospace field has been favored by researchers, such as the development of a new Hall thruster as a plasma optical device and its application in space thrusters, and the use of molecular dynamics software to calculate the degradation of atomic oxygen on the surface of the spacecraft and polymer materials, which affects the life of the spacecraft. Through the surface plasmon resonance effect of noble metals including Au, Ag or other metals, many excellent optical devices, especially biosensors, can be designed for the detection of glucose. It is worth noting that the problem of photocatalysis technology is still to find excellent photocatalysts to efficiently degrade pollutants. [1] The construction of heterojunction has become a key technical means to solve the problem of photocatalyst synthesis in the current environmental purification *** this volume, the Particle-in-cell model is used to simulate the design of a 5 kW Hall thruster that will be used for space propulsion. Simultaneously, the influence of magnetic field on the performance of Hall thrusters is studied. There is a large amount of atomic oxygen in low Earth orbit, and these atomic oxygen will cause great corrosion to the spacecraft surface and affect the life of the spacecraft. The life of a spacecraft can be effectively simulated by using molecular dynamics model on the impact of atomic oxygen on the polymer material on the spacecraft surface.

关键词： micro-nano optics photocatalytic technology spacecraft Hall thruster heterojunction

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Interband Quantum Cascade Infrared Photodetectors: current Status and Future Trends

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Physical Review Applied 2022年第2期17卷 027001-027001页

作者： P. Martyniuk A. Rogalski S. Krishna Institute of Applied Physics Military University of Technology 2 Kaliskiego Str. 00-908 Warsaw Poland Department of Electric Engineering The Ohio State University 2024 Neil Avenue Columbus Ohio 43210 USA

One of the critical limitations of photonic infrared (IR) photodetectors is the cooling requirement that is placed on it. Uncooled detectors are usually based on thermal detectors. currently, microbolometer thermal detectors are produced in a larger volume than those of all other IR array technologies together. In recent years, their cost has drastically dropped (about 15% per year). Although their performance is modest, thermal detectors suffer from slow responses and they are not useful in multispectral detection. The (Hg,Cd)Te ternary system dominates photonic IR detector technology. It also has a superior performance under high operating temperature (HOT) conditions. At present, technological efforts are directed towards advanced heterojunction photovoltaic (Hg,Cd)Te detectors. In the last decade, several concepts have been proposed to improve the HOT photon detector’s performance to include various kinds of materials, such as type-ii AiiIBV superlattices (T2SLs), two-dimensional materials, and colloidal quantum dots. Among them, the most promising are interband quantum cascade photodetectors (IB QCPs) based on AiiIBV T2SLs considered in this paper. This paper reviews the history, present status, and possible future developments of IB QCPs for IR HOT applications. To date, the “Rule 07” metric has been used as a proper approach for the prediction of the photodiode performance of p-on-n (Hg,Cd)Te and as a reference benchmark for alternative technologies. However, recently, it has been shown [Lee et al., Proc. SPIE 11407, 114070X (2020)] that uncooled depletion-limited (Hg,Cd)Te photodiodes exhibit further performance enhancement called “Law 19,” which is background-limited detectivity in the long-wavelength infrared spectral range. In this context, here, the performance of IB QCPs is compared with Law 19.

关键词： optical sources & detectors Optoelectronics Quantum sensing ii-VI semiconductors iiI-V semiconductors Photodiodes Superlattices Infrared techniques

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Machine Learning Based Alignment For LCLS-ii-HE Optics

arXiv

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Mishra, Aashwin Brennan, Nicholas Huang, Tianyu Jaquith, Jason Yavaş, Hasan Seaberg, Matthew SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory Menlo ParkCA94025 United States

The hard X-ray instruments at the Linac Coherent Light Source are in the design phase for upgrades that will take full advantage of the high repetition rates that will become available with LCLS-ii-HE. The current X-ray Correlation Spectroscopy instrument will be converted to the Dynamic X-ray Scattering instrument, and will feature a meV-scale high-resolution monochromator at its front end with unprecedented coherent flux. With the new capability come many engineering and design challenges, not least of which is the sensitivity to long-term drift of the optics. With this in mind, we have estimated the system tolerance to angular drift and vibration for all the relevant optics (∼10 components) in terms of how the central energy out of the monochromator will be affected to inform the mechanical design. Additionally, we have started planning for methods to correct for such drifts using available (both invasive and non-invasive) X-ray beam diagnostics. In simulations, we have demonstrated the ability of trained Machine Learning models to correct misalignments to maintain the desired central energy and optical axis within the necessary tolerances. Additionally, we exhibit the use of Bayesian Optimization to minimize the impact of thermal deformations of crystals as well as beam alignment from scratch. The initial results are very promising and efforts to further extend this work are ongoing. © 2023, CC BY.

关键词： Machine learning

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Au-NPs Functionalizaed Microneedles as Intelligent Components for Portable Devices 11

Au-NPs Functionalizaed Microneedles as Intelligent Component...

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11th IEEE International Workshop on Metrology for AeroSpace, MetroAeroSpace 2024

作者： Coppola, Sara Vespini, Veronica Palma, Anna Di Natale, Concetta Grilli, Simonetta Ferraro, Pietro Institute of Applied Sciences and Intelligent Systems 'E. Caianiello' CNR-ISASI Napoli Italy University of Naples Federico II Department of Chemical Engineering Materials and Industrial Production Napoli80125 Italy

ISBN: (纸本)9798350385045

Nowadays the direct healthcare cost represent an enormous part of the government welfare system and it is still increasing worldwide. The development of minimally invasive devices could unload the pressure of the welfare system and at the same time could support patients in-home therapy avoiding hospitalization and all the emotional commitment related to it (anxiety, stress, panic attack, fear). If we add that it is estimated that 5.4 million cases of carcinoma are diagnosed annually in the United States among 3.3 million people (sometimes more than 1 nonmelanoma skin cancer per person), with a rate increased up to 77% in the last years, it appears still more evident the urgency to design innovative and portable systems. Despite all the conventional, and debilitating radiotherapies/chemotherapy, photo-thermal therapy (PTT) is arising as a promising solution for cancer management, predominantly when mediated by gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) for their intrinsic ability to convert a monochromatic (resonant) light into thermal energy [2]-[4]. However, the weakness of current therapy by light is that light cannot penetrate the skin deeply because of the skin properties (a complex heterogeneous medium with various optical characteristics) and consequent tissue's absorption, reflection, and refraction. Creating a light-through channel from outside the skin to the cells to target could be an excellent tool for realizing minimally invasive and in-situ PTT. Here we discuss about the fabrication of advanced functionalized microneedles (MNs) as micro photonic structures. Gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) are selected as nanofiller components for transdermal drug delivery properties because of their intrinsic ability to convert a monochromatic (resonant) light into thermal energy (photo-thermal effect). We propose a nano in micro strategy by embedding (Au NPs) in a microarray of polymeric microneedles. The various methods proposed and used for micro-needle fabrication usually require lo

关键词： Gold nanoparticles

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A Novel Protection Strategy for Elastic optical Networks Based on Space Division Multiplexing

A Novel Protection Strategy for Elastic Optical Networks Bas...

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International Conference on Signal Processing and Communications, SPCOM

作者： Sridhar Iyer Shree Prakash Singh Department of ECE Jain College of Engineering T.S. Nagar Belagavi KA India Division of ECE Netaji Subhas Institute of Technology Dwarka New Delhi India

ISBN: (纸本)9781538638224

The emergence of elastic optical networks (EONs) has been viewed as a solution to the diverse bandwidth requests that will occur in the next generation's network applications and Internet which are anticipated to handle a traffic growth at a rate greater than Petabit per second level. However, the crunch in fiber capacity will persist owing to use of only two dimensions of multiplexing in the EONs. With the adoption of space division multiplexing (SDM), an extra freedom degree can be used such that the EONs will be able support the required capacity of the future diverse traffic. Further, with an increase in the rate(s) of transmission(s), to counter the network failures, there will occur the need for protection mechanisms, specifically those, which can protect routes and provision solutions which are end-to-end. In the current work, as an intial step for protecting an EON based on SDM, we design a strategy which (i) is independent of the failure(s), and (ii) protects the route(s). We evaluate our proposed strategy considering realistic assumptions, topologies and parameters, and for different traffic load values. The obtained simulation results reveal that (i) our proposed strategy is efficient in provisioning of protection which is pre-configured, and (ii) the considered network topology's node degree significantly affects both, the blocking and the evaluated route's length in the protected EON based on SDM.

关键词： Multiplexing Resource management Bandwidth Routing Next generation networking

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Post-Quantum Cryptography (PQC) Network Instrument: Measuring PQC Adoption Rates and Identifying Migration Pathways

Post-Quantum Cryptography (PQC) Network Instrument: Measurin...

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Quantum Computing and engineering (QCE), IEEE International Conference on

作者： Jakub Sowa Bach Hoang Advaith Yeluru Steven Qie Anita Nikolich Ravishankar Iyer Phuong Cao National Center for Supercomputing Applications University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign

ISBN: (数字)9798331541378

ISBN: (纸本)9798331541385

The problem of adopting quantum-resistant crypto-graphic network protocols or post-quantum cryptography (PQC) is critically important to democratizing quantum computing. The problem is urgent because practical quantum computers will break classical encryption in the next few decades. Past encrypted data has already been collected and can be de-crypted in the near future. The main challenges of adopting post-quantum cryptography lie in algorithmic complexity and hardware/software/network implementation. The grand question of how existing cyberinfrastructure will support post-quantum cryptography remains unanswered. This paper describes: i) the design of a novel Post-Quantum Cryptography (PQC) network instrument placed at the National Center for Supercomputing Applications (NCSA) at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign and a part of the FABRIC testbed; ii) the latest results on PQC adoption rate across a wide spectrum of network protocols (Secure Shell - SSH, Transport Layer Security - TLS, etc.); iii) the current state of PQC implementation in key scientific applications (e.g., OpenSSH or SciTokens); iv) the challenges of being quantum-resistant; and v) discussion of potential novel attacks. This is the first large-scale measurement of PQC adoption at national-scale supercomputing centers and FABRIC testbeds. Our results show that only OpenSSH and Google Chrome have successfully implemented PQC and achieved an initial adoption rate of 0.029 % (6,044 out of 20,556,816) for OpenSSH connections at NCSA coming from major Internet Service Providers or Autonomous Systems (ASes) such as OARNET, GTT, Google Fiber Webpass (U.S.) and Uppsala Lans Landsting (Sweden), with an overall increasing adoption rate year-over-year for 2023–2024. Our analyses identify pathways to migrate current applications to be quantum-resistant.

关键词： Quantum computing Protocols Instruments current measurement Web and internet services Fabrics optical fiber LAN Internet Cryptography optical fiber testing

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Research on Tribological Property of Micro-arc Oxidation Film on AZ91D Magnesium Alloy

Research on Tribological Property of Micro-arc Oxidation Fil...

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2nd International Conference on Frontiers of Manufacturing and design Science (ICFMD 2011)

作者： Lou Baiyang Zhao Jie Zheng Zhiheng Liu Ping Institute of Materials and Surface Engineering Zhejing Uniersity of Technology HangzhouZhejiang Province 310014 P.R.China

ISBN: (纸本)9783037852828

Magnesium alloys were treated by micro-arc oxidation at a constant applied current density. The friction and wear properties were investigated by optical microscope and universal friction and wear tester in 3.5%NaCl solution. The result reveals that the film formed by micro-arc oxidation enhances the corrosion resistance of the magnesium alloys. The Ecorr of micro-arc oxidation film improved 94mV than the Ecorr of magnesium alloys matrix. Wear resistance of the film was weakened in 3.5%NaCl solution. The wear mechanism of film depends on the load. Abrasive wear was predominant at low load. Peeling wear was predominant at high load, which result from damage of the film adhesion.

关键词： magnesium alloys corrosion friction and wear

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CORROSION OF 2 SIMILAR AUSTENITIC STAINLESS-STEELS WHEN WELDED

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MATERIALS SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 1986年第2期2卷 181-188页

作者： FENN, R NEWTON, CJ Department of Materials Technology BruneI University Uxbridge Middlesex United Kingdom Department of Metallurgy and Science of Materials University of Oxford United Kingdom

Two similar grades of austenitic stainless steel (317 L and 317 LM) were welded and their corrosion behaviour noted potentiostatically. It was found that, because of its higher Mo content, 317LM exhibited less active current densities and passive ranges than 317L when the heat affected zone (HAZ) microstructures were examined. This finding held good for a range of δ–ferrite contents representing the whole width of the HAZ. In the weld bead, however, the behaviour of both materials was essentially similar. Electron optical studies were performed on polarized samples and it was found that in both HAZ and weld bead regions there was a distinct Mo denudation zone at the δ/γ boundary. It was found that in HAZ material the reduction of Mo was associated with the production of very small particles on the δ/γ grain boundary, believed to be metallic (mainly Mo) carbides. From these findings it was concluded that it is unwise to discuss the corrosion resistance of welded austenitic stainless steels without detailing the method of formation of the δ-phase. To aid this, solid–phase transformation δ is termed δ_s and liquid–phase formed δ,δ_L.MST/115

关键词： Twinning induced plasticity Stacking fault energy Automotive steelPreview | Abstract | Full Text | PDF (948 KB) | FiguresNovember 12 2013L. M. BrownL. M. BrownBrownBrownBrownBrownA brief reply to comments on: ‘Constant intermittent flow of dislocations: central problems in plasticity’A brief reply to comments on: ‘Constant intermittent flow of dislocations: central problems in plasticity’L. M. BrownL. M. BrownBrownBrownBrownBrownVolume: 30 Issue: 1 pp. 127–128http://***/10.1179/1743284713Y.0000000439Keywords: Stage ii work hardening Face-centred cubic crystals Slip bands Ellipsoidal shape of slip bands Dislocation distributions Lattice misorientationCitation | Full Text | PDF (62 KB) | FiguresJanuary 11 2014U A SachadelU A Sachadel P F MorrisP F Morris P D ClarkeP D ClarkeSachadelSachadel MorrisMorris ClarkeClarkeSachadel et al.Sachadel et al.design of 10%Cr martensitic steels for improved creep resistance in power plant applicationsdesign of 10%Cr martensitic steels for improved creep resistance in power plant applicationsU A SachadelU A Sachadel P F MorrisP F Morris P D ClarkeP D ClarkeSachadelSachadel MorrisMorris ClarkeClarkeSachadel et al.Sachadel et al.Volume: 29 Issue: 7 pp. 767–774http://***/10.1179/0267083612Z.000000000218Keywords: 9–10%Cr steels Alloy design Creep strength Heat treatment Microstructure and thermodynamic modelling Precipitates Steel 92Preview | Abstract | Full Text | PDF (315 KB) | FiguresNovember 18 2013P. D. HodgsonP. D. Hodgson I. B. TimokhinaI. B. Timokhina H. BeladiH. BeladiHodgsonHodgson TimokhinaTimokhina BeladiBeladiHodgson et al.Hodgson et al.Multiscale microstructure engineering of steelsMultiscale microstructure engineering of steelsP. D. HodgsonP. D. Hodgson I. B. TimokhinaI. B. Timokhina H. BeladiH. BeladiHodgsonHodgson TimokhinaTimokhina BeladiBeladiHodgson et al.Hodgson et al.Volume: 29 Issue: 10 pp. 1152–1157http://***/10.1179/1743284713Y.0000000318Keywords: Ultrafine ferrite Ultrafine bainite High strength steels Atom probe tomography ClustersPreview | Abstract | Full Te

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A Q-band frequency synthesizer in 0.13 μM SiGe BiCMOS

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Progress In Electromagnetics Research C 2014年 47卷 19-28页

作者： Li, Jiankang Xiong, Yong-Zhong He, Jin Wu, Wen The Ministerial Key Laboratory of JGMT School of Electronic and Optical Engineering Nanjing University of Science and Technology Nanjing 210094 China Terahertz Research Center CAEP Chengdu 611731 China School of Physics and Technology Wuhan University Wuhan 430072 China

In this paper, a 42 GHz frequency synthesizer fabricated with 0.13 μm SiGe BiCMOS technology is presented, which consists of an integer-N fourth-order type-ii phase locked loop (PLL) with a LC tank VCO and a frequency doubler. The core PLL has three-stage current mode logic(CML) and five stage true single phase clock (TSPC) logic in the frequency divider. Meanwhile, a novel balanced common-base structure is used in the frequency doubler design to widen the bandwidth and improve the fundamental rejection. The doubler shows a 41% fractional 3 dB bandwidths with a fundamental rejection better than 25.7 dB. The synthesizer has a maximum output power of 0 dBm with a DC power consumption of 60 mW. The worst phase noise at 100 kHz, 1 MHz and 10 MHz offset frequencies from the carrier is -71 dBc/Hz, -83 dBc/Hz and -102.4 dBc/Hz, respectively.

关键词： Frequency synthesizers

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