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High Speed Photography, Videography, and Photonics ii.

作者： Farrow-Reid, Ken Redlake Corp Morgan Hill CA USA Redlake Corp Morgan Hill CA USA

ISBN: (纸本)0892525320

Over the years, the HYCAM rotating prism camera has been accepted as the industry standard for high speed photography. The new K2A optical head represents the first major optical design change since the introduction of the K2 optics in the late 1960's. The new optical system is designed to be compatible, but not interchangeable, with the current HYCAM system. This paper documents the results of an optical system design analysis that has achieved a substantial improvement in resolution and an improvement in relative aperture without changes in the physical package, but by the combination of many small design modifications. Each of these modifications yield only modest improvements individually, but their combined effects are most significant.

关键词： CAMERAS

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RECENT developments IN INTEGRATED OPTICS.

RECENT DEVELOPMENTS IN INTEGRATED OPTICS.

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Fibre Optics '84.

作者： Stewart, George Univ of Glasgow Dep of Electronics & Electrical Engineering Glasgow Scotl Univ of Glasgow Dep of Electronics & Electrical Engineering Glasgow Scotl

ISBN: (纸本)0892525037

Progress in the development of low-loss, high bandwidth, single-mode fibres for optical communication purposes has led to increased effort over the past several years into the development of integrated optical devices and systems. Active devices such as modulators, switches, polarisation controllers have been developed in lithium niobate substrates while passive devices such as junctions, power splitters, wavelength demultiplexers have been formed in glass waveguides. Interconnection of devices to form integrated systems poses special problems and two lines of approach are possible: (i) hybrid systems where devices in different materials are linked by fibres or other coupling methods (ii) monolithic systems where all devices are fabricated in a single substrate material such as GaAs or InP. Increasing effort is being directed towards iiI-V semiconductors for fabrication of lasers, detectors, waveguides and opto-electronic devices with a view to the design of monolithic integrated optic and opto-electronic systems. In addition to the use of integrated optics in communication systems, important applications are now being found in fibre-optic sensor devices.

关键词： INTEGRATED OPTICS

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UNIFIED APPROACH TO THE THEORY AND design OF OPTIMUM TRANSMISSION DIFFRACTION SYSTEMS IN THE SOFT X-RAY RANGE.

UNIFIED APPROACH TO THE THEORY AND DESIGN OF OPTIMUM TRANSMI...

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International Conference on the Application, Theory, and Fabrication of Periodic Structures, Diffraction Gratings, and Moire Phenomena ii.

作者： Tatchyn, Roman Csonka, Paul Lindau, Ingolf Stanford Univ Synchrotron Radiation Lab Stanford CA USA Stanford Univ Synchrotron Radiation Lab Stanford CA USA

ISBN: (纸本)089252538X

The topic of this paper is specifically the area of transmission diffraction systems, relevant examples of which include transmission gratings and zone plates - two devices that have been fabricated as free-standing ultrafine structures and tested by various experimenters in the soft x-ray range in recent years. This paper describes a general design procedure for such systems which is guaranteed to generate the optimum diffraction structure geometries for arbitrarily specified systems composed of materials of arbitrary indices of refraction. The results are seen to unify all previously disclosed results in the area of zone plate theory, and provide a sound basis on which to implement current experimental/developmental programs concerned either with fabricating more exotic diffraction structures or with maximizing or minimizing other classes of system functions in the soft x-ray range.

关键词： optical GRATINGS

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FIELD-EMISSION, developments AND POSSIBILITIES

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JOURNAL OF MICROSCOPY-OXFORD 1983年第JUN期130卷 309-324页

作者： VANDERMAST, KD Development Group Electron Optics Nederlandse Philips Bedrijven Building TQ V-1 5600 MD Eindhoven The Netherlands

SUMMARYThe overall performance of any electron microscope is to a great extent determined by the electron source. For example, the current acceptance of the STEM concept is due to the stimulation provided by field emission sources, which made it possible to image single atoms in the *** field emission source remains the electron source with the highest brightness and the lowest energy spread. As a consequence, considerable research and engineering work has been and is still being conducted in a number of important areas. These areas include: (i) the mechanisms which determine the beam current stability; (ii) the electron‐electron interactions which lead to beam spreading and an increase of the energy spread; (iii) various types of emitters such as bare tungsten tips, oxygen processed tips, zirconium coated tips, carbon emitters, carbon coated tungsten emitters and even solid state emitters; (iv) the lifetime limiting factors, e.g. inclusions, ion bombardment and flashovers effects; (v) different types of optical systems for field emission guns, e.g. choice of magnetic and/or electrostatic lenses at high voltage potential in UHV systems, and special magnetic lenses just below the anode; (vi) field emission guns operating at higher kV's, up to 1·6 *** analytical work in the smallest possible volumes is a growing area of scientific interest, the demand for field emission sources which are reliable, easy to operate and stable will contin

关键词： Field emission brightness tungsten emitters Boersch effect

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Ion-optical system for maskless ion implantation with 100 nm resolution

Ion-optical system for maskless ion implantation with 100 nm...

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Electron-Beam, X-Ray and Ion-Beam Techniques for Submicron Lithographies ii 1983

作者： Anazawa, N. Aihara, R. Ban, E. Okunuki, M. JEOL LTD. Nakagamicho 1418 Akishima Tokyo196 Japan

Recent technology of a liquid-metal ion source makes it possible to realize maskless ion implantation with 100 nm resolution. A 100 kV implantation apparatus has been developed by using fine-focus technology of ion optics. Since alloy-metal ion sources have to be often used as the source of the apparatus, a mass filter (EXB) was equipped with for ion separation. Because the liquid-metal ion source has a large energy spread, a chromatic aberration is important to assess the optical performance of the apparatus. Particularly, the energy spread varies dependently on the emission current, so that the minimum probe size also varies with the emission current through the chromatic aberration. In order to optimize the design for such ion-optical systems, the dependency of the chromatic aberration upon the emission current must be taken into account. The optical system design was optimized under this consideration. As a result it was found that the optical system has an optimum aperture angle. Furthermore, the beam divergence in the mass filter was discussed. Ions passing through the mass filter undergo a dispersive force because of their velocity distribution. This is also a factor determining the minimum probe size. Numerical calculations of the optical property of the EXB filter showed that a weakly excited filter has a specified focal point where its velocity dispersion was apparently canceled. Therefore, if one let the focal point to be just located at a crossover point of the lens system, the effect of velocity dispersion can be reduced to the same level as the aberrations of the latter. © 1983 SPIE. All rights reserved.

关键词： Ion implantation

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ADVANCES IN LONG-RANGE, HIGH-SPEED optical COMMUNICATION

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1981年第4期93卷 39-48页

作者： BARTON, GG FELDMAN, S Mr. Sidney Feldman formerly with the Naval Applied Science Laboratory is presently with the Radiation Division of the Naval Surface Weapons Center White Oak Silver Spring Maryland. He planned and supervised laboratory experiments of many optical systems for fleet evaluation several of his designs now being standard in the fleet. He received his BA degree in Physics from Brooklyn College in 1941 and majored in Physics at the Brooklyn Polytechnic Institute. His professional memberships include the Optical Society of America American Association for the Advancement of Science and The Scientific Research Society of North America. He was the recipient of the Naval Ordnance Development Award in 1945 the Superior Achievement Award in 1957 the Quality Salary Increase Award in 1965 the Superior Accomplishment Award in 1967 1970 and 1979. Additionally he has been granted patents for a relamping tool for searchlights (1962) a lamp positioning mechanism for searchlights (1963) a daylnight digital sextant (1973) a portable sextant-computer system (1974) and with Mr. George Barton the remote-controlled LLLTV camera-sextant (1976) the automatic passive LLLTV-rangefinder (1977) and a patent disclosure for the omnidirectional transceiver (1980). Mr. George G. Barton has been employed by the Naval Research Laboratory Washington D. C. for the past ten years in the scientific and military application design engineering and fabrication of low light level TV camera systems. He was previously associated with the Smithsonian Institution and Northwestern University in the application of TV technology in astronomical investigations. He attended New York University Newark College of Engineering and New Mexico State University where he majored in Physical Optics. Presently he is with his own company BISMARC Inc. Harker's Island N.C. where he is involved principally in the design manufacture and marketing of sonar systems such as the unique VIDISEA fishscope research and development in electrooptic systems an

During periods of radio silence under Emission Control, communication depends on the slow ship-to-ship, manual-visual, 8-10 wpm Morse code signaling shutter searchlight employing the ac 1000-watt incandescent or the ac 1000-watt compact arc mercury-xenon lamp. These sources can be replaced by the dc compact arc xenon lamp to provide longer daylight ranges and highspeed (100 wpm teletype, 150 wpm Morse code, voice, etc.) communication since this source has superior brightness and the facility of considerably more rapid modulation. The excessive weight and size of the ac-dc power convertor and modulating circuitry which had prevented use of the dc xenon lamp have been overcome by developments in solid state electronics such as the rapid, high current, simmer-flash, 100 to one light output xenon lamp pulsing using the reliable, uncomplicated, low-cost silicon controlled rectifier shunt switch which could eliminate the mechanical signaling shutter. Laboratory and sea evaluations have proved the feasibility of and provided the long daylight high-speed optical communication ranges that could be attained from operation of the dc 1000-watt and 2200-watt xenon lamps at the focus of 12-inch, 18-inch searchlights and in the Fresnel lens omni-directional beacon which a command ship uses to signal all ships in a task force at once. With these advances, optical communication provides the highspeed capability of radio communication, particularly, also, with the new omnidirectional transceiver.

关键词： SHIPS

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design CRITERIA AND RECENT developments OF optical SINGLE-PARTICLE COUNTERS FOR FOSSIL-FUEL SYSTEMS

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optical engineering 1981年第4期20卷 529-539页

作者： HOLVE, DJ TICHENOR, D WANG, JCF HARDESTY, DR Sandia National Laboratories (United States) Sandia National Laboratories (United States) Sandia National Laboratories (United States) Sandia National Laboratories (United States)

optical methods for particle size distribution measurements in practical high temperature environments are approaching feasibility and offer significant advantages over conventional sampling methods. The present paper begins by summarizing user requirements for research and on-line particle measurements in fossil fuel systems. The principles of single particle counter (SPC) design are outlined followed by a discussion of practical instrument design constraints. Three instrument design concepts currently being developed at Sandia are then discussed. An overview of these current methods and other instrument designs is presented with particular emphasis on capabilities to meet user ojectives. Validation and long term testing of these new concepts is considered to be the final important step in achieving user acceptance of in situ optical counters.

关键词： Particles

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Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for optical engineering

Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical ...

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1980 International Lens design Conference

The proceedings contain 68 papers. The topics discussed include: distributed computing for optical design;current status of the synthesis of optical systems (SYNOPSYS) lens design program;new developments in CODE V optimization;optical design programs at imperial college;optical design using small dedicated computers;dedicated minicomputers in optical design;consideration for minicomputer applications to large optical design programs;microcomputers and optical design;easy to use optical program for commodore PET computer;new approach to the optimization of lens systems;ten years of lens design with Glatzel's adaptive method;aberration balancing criterion for nondiffraction-limited lenses;and application of Zernike polynomial lens sensitivity program ZEST to optimizing a lens design.

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Tactical utilization of digital imagery

Tactical utilization of digital imagery

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Advances in Image Transmission ii 1980

作者： Taylor, Robert V. Directorate of Combat Developments U.S. Army Intelligence Center and School Fort HuachucaAZ85613 United States

Recent advances in sensor technology present a heretofore unobtainable opportunity to collect and process imagery in a real or near-real time mode. Since this imagery is transmitted and displayed in a digital format, the imagery can be manipulated by a computer prior to display, permitting many functions to be automated. Coupled with this new technology are newly emerging concepts on how to satisfy tactical commander's intelligence information requirements. The process to exploit digital imagery will be considerably different than what we have been used to. To optimize the design of digital imagery exploitation equipment, it is vital that the purpose and use for it be thoroughly understood. © 1980 SPIE. All rights reserved.

关键词： optical engineering

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design for an optical general purpose digital computer

Design for an optical general purpose digital computer

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1980 International optical Computing Conference ii

作者： Huang, Alan Stanford Electronics Laboratory Stanford Univ. 101B Durand Building StanfordCA94305 United States

A design for an optical general purpose digital computer is presented. The basic approach involves decomposing the structure of a classical finite state machine into a logic unit, an interconnection array, and a latching unit. The logic unit is implemented with an optical NOR gate array. The NOR gate array involves projecting several binary images on a common surface, inverting, and thresholding the intensity of the result. Each pixel thus functions as a NOR gate. This NOR gate array is sufficient to establish a complete logical set. The interconnect array can be implemented with a hologram or conventional optics. Each pixel (x,y) is imaged to pixel (x,y-l), pixel (x+l,y-l), and pixel (x-2,y-l) on each cycle. This interconnection pattern is sufficient to establish a complete non-planar connective set. The latching unit serves as a memory. A delay is used as a memory in much the same manner as it was in earlier computers (mercury delay lines, CRT storage, etc.). The processor is programmed by customizing the interconnect pattern. This can be accomplished by tying the input of various optical NOR gates "high" with a customizing binary input image. This design illustrates how the parallelism of optics can be used to overcome the Von Neumann bottleneck which throttles the throughput of current computers. © 1980 SPIE. All rights reserved.

关键词： Pixels

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